http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=British_ChileansBritish Chileans - Revision history2026-05-05T22:31:43ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.1http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=British_Chileans&diff=6336524&oldid=prev196.117.77.114 at 21:53, 9 May 20252025-05-09T21:53:35Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{about|Chilean people of British descent|British people of Chilean descent|Chileans in the United Kingdom}}<br />
{{Refimprove|date=October 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox ethnic group<br />
| group = British Chileans<br><small>''Chileno-Británico''<br>''Anglochileno''</small><br />
| population = At least '''1,000,000'''<ref name="Británicos, 700.000-1">{{cite web |url=https://ovallehoy.cl/inglaterra-un-amigo-con-el-cual-hay-que-profundizar-las-relaciones/ |title=Inglaterra: Un amigo con el cual hay que profundizar las relaciones |access-date=27 January 2025 |author=Octavio Álvarez |magazine=Diario Ovalle Hoy |language=spanish |date=3 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Británicos, 700.000-2">{{cite web |url=https://www.meer.com/es/16107-el-barrio-ingles-en-el-puerto-de-coquimbo |title=El barrio inglés en el puerto de Coquimbo |access-date=27 January 2025 |author=Lía Sandra Tapia |magazine=Revista Meer |language=spanish |date=27 July 2015}}</ref><br />
| popplace = [[Antofagasta]], [[Valparaíso]], [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], [[Viña del Mar]], [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], [[Punta Arenas]]<br />
| langs = [[Chilean Spanish|Spanish]]. Minority speaks [[English language|English]], [[Welsh language|Welsh]], [[Irish language|Irish]], [[Scottish Gaelic]] and/or [[Scots language|Lowland Scots]] as a first language.<!--The large majority of British Chileans speak Spanish (and not English) as a first language. Their descendants who are well established and assimilated into the Spanish/German/Mapuche Chilean culture and society speak Spanish as a first language. Only a minority of British Chileans, particularly the more recent immigrants, speak English as a first language. However many of them, more than the Chilean national average, speak English as second language to varying degrees of fluency.--><br />
| rels = [[Roman Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]] ([[Anglican Church of the Southern Cone of America|Anglicanism]], [[Methodism]], [[Presbyterianism]] et al.)<br />
| related = [[British people]], [[English people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Irish people]], [[Ulster-Scots people]], [[Welsh people]]<br />
}}<br />
{{British Latin Americans}}<br />
'''British Chileans''' are [[Chilean people|Chilean]] residents with fully or partial [[Antecedent (genealogy)|antecedents]] from the [[United Kingdom]]. The British have been very important in the formation of the Chilean nation. They include Chileans of English, [[Scottish people|Scottish]], [[Ulster Scots people|Ulster Scots]], (Northern) [[Irish people|Irish]] and [[Welsh people|Welsh]] ancestry. The numbers of Scottish and Welsh are higher in [[Patagonia]], in [[Aysén Region|Aysén]] and [[Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region|Magallanes]] regions. The highest percentage of British Chileans is found in [[Punta Arenas]], followed by [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], [[Valparaíso]], [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], [[Viña del Mar]] and [[Antofagasta]].<br />
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== History ==<br />
The main British communities in Chile, or ''La Colonia Britanica'', were located in Valparaíso, Punta Arenas, and Concepción. A key moment in [[British diaspora|British immigration]] to Chile occurred in 1811, when free trade was decreed, followed by laws in 1824 and 1845 encouraging immigration.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Edmundson |first1=William |title=A History of the British Presence in Chile: From Bloody Mary to Charles Darwin and the Decline of British Influence |url=https://archive.org/details/historybritishpr00edmu |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Palgrave MacMillan |location=New York |isbn=9780230114838 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historybritishpr00edmu/page/n115 103]-129}}</ref><br />
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Facing the Pacific Ocean, Chile had for many years an important British presence.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070623090223/http://arpa.ucv.cl/archivum6/historia%20regional,%20gran%20valpara%EDso/6.%20LA%20IGLESIA%20SAINT%20PAUL%B4S%20DE%20VALPARA%CDSO...M.PRAIN.pdf Inmigrantes británicos.]</ref> Over 50,000<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.galeon.com/typepad/enlaces2074641.html |title=Noticias LA EMIGRACIÓN DE CHILENOS AL EXTERIOR E INMIGRACIÓN A CHILE. |access-date=2009-04-26 |archive-date=2017-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525085846/http://www.galeon.com/typepad/enlaces2074641.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> British [[Immigration to Chile|immigrants settled in Chile]] from 1840 to 1914. A significant number of them settled in [[Magallanes Province|Magallanes in Province]], especially the city of [[Punta Arenas, Chile|Punta Arenas]] when it flourished as a major global seaport for ships crossing the Strait of Magellan from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Around 32,000 English settled in [[Valparaíso]], influencing the port city to the extent of making it virtually a British colony during the last decades of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.<ref name=galeon>{{cite web |url=http://www.galeon.com/typepad/ |title=Inmigración britanica en Chile |access-date=2009-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822074242/http://www.galeon.com/typepad/ |archive-date=2009-08-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, the opening of the [[Panama Canal]] in 1914 and the outbreak of the [[First World War]] drove many of them away from the city or back to Europe.<br />
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In [[Valparaíso]] they created their largest and most important colony, bringing with them neighbourhoods of British character, schools, [[social clubs]], [[sports clubs]], [[business organizations]] and [[periodicals]]. Even today their influence is apparent in specific areas, such as the banks and the navy, as well as in certain social activities, such as [[Association football|football]] (soccer), horse racing, and the custom of drinking tea.<ref>*Legado británico en Valparaíso*, ed. Michelle Prain (Santiago: RIL Editores, 2011). ISBN 978-956-284-816-9.</ref><br />
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During the war of independence (1818), it was mainly British privateers hired by the Chilean Government who contributed to the creation of the [[Chilean Navy]], under the command of [[Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald|Lord Cochrane]].{{cn|date=October 2023}}<br />
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Investment from Britain contributed to Chile's prosperity, and British seamen helped the Chilean navy become a force in the South Pacific. Chile won two wars, the first against the Peru-Bolivian Confederation and the second, the [[War of the Pacific]], in 1878-79, against an alliance between [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]]. The liberal-socialist "Revolution of 1891" introduced political reforms modelled on British parliamentary practice and lawmaking.{{cn|date=October 2023}}<br />
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British immigrants were also important in the northern zone of the country during the saltpetre boom, in the ports of [[Iquique]] and [[Pisagua, Chile|Pisagua]]. The ''King of Saltpetre'', [[John Thomas North]], was the principal tycoon of nitrate mining. Britain's legacy is reflected in the streets of the historic district of the city of Iquique, with the foundation of various institutions, such as the [[Club Hipico de Santiago|Club Hípico]] (Racing Club). Nevertheless, active British presence came to an end with the saltpetre crisis of the 1930s.{{cn|date=October 2023}}<br />
The most important newspaper of the British community in Valparaíso during the 19th century was ''[[The Chilean Times]]''. During the first half of the 20th century, the most influential medium was ''[[The South Pacific Mail (1909-1965)]]'', which circulated throughout the west coast of South America.<ref>Roberto Pérez Castro, “The South Pacific Mail,” Anglophone Chile, accessed October 25, 2024, https://www.anglophonechile.org/the-south-pacific-mail?lang=en.</ref><br />
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A contingent of British (principally Scottish and Irish) immigrants arrived between 1914 and 1950, settling in the present-day region of [[Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region|Magallanes]]. British families were established in other areas of the country, such as [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], [[Coquimbo]], the [[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]], and [[Chiloé]].{{cn|date=October 2023}}<br />
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== Cultural and technological legacy ==<br />
The cultural legacy of the British in Chile is notable and has spread beyond the British Chilean community onto society at large. One custom taken from the British is [[afternoon tea]], called "onces" by Chileans. Another interesting, although peculiar, legacy is the sheer amount of use of British first surname{{clarify|date=September 2015}} by Chileans.<ref name=british>{{cite web |url=http://www.biografiadechile.cl/detalle.php?IdContenido=1673&IdCategoria=91&IdArea=488&TituloPagina=Historia%20de%20Chile |title=Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX |access-date=2010-01-11}}</ref><br />
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British technology in mining, railway, maritime infrastructure, and other industrial applications predominated in Chile in the latter half of the 19th century, continuing through the 1930s. Manuel A. Fernández's book, "Technology and British Nitrate Enterprises in Chile, 1880-1914" (Issue 34 of Occasional Papers- Institute of Latin American Studies Glasgow University, ISSN 0305-8646) details some of the British technology contributions to the development of the Chilean mining industry. Similar benefits were seen in the railway and meat-processing industries. Many of the British engineers and technicians, who came to Chile to support British equipment, remained in the country. Even Chile's modern system of lighthouses was largely the result of British expertise and technology: towards the end of the 19th century, Scottish engineer George Slight designed and constructed 70 lighthouses, most of which are still in operation.{{cn|date=October 2023}}<br />
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Chile currently has the largest population who can claim to be descendants of the British in Latin America.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} Over 1,000,000 Chileans may have British (English, [[Scottish people|Scottish]] and [[Welsh people|Welsh]]) or Irish origin, amounting to about 6,5% of Chile's population.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024|reason=Inaccessible link}} Many speak unaccented English at home. There are many [[List of schools in Chile|schools in Chile]] that are [[Multilingualism|bilingual]], offering a British curriculum in English and the standard Chilean curriculum in Spanish, and throughout the 20th century [[English as a second or foreign language|English language learning and teaching]] in state schools and private institutions with British curriculum is invariably geared towards the [[Received Pronunciation]].<br />
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==Notable people==<br />
{{Unsourced|section|date=October 2023}}<br />
*[[Patricio Aylwin]], President of Chile<br />
*[[Juan Williams Rebolledo]], Chilean Navy Admiral<br />
*[[Ben Brereton]], English-Chilean professional footballer<br />
*[[Claudio Arrau]], pianist (family Darroch)<br />
*[[Carlos Condell]], Navy Rear Admiral<br />
*[[Carlos Ibáñez del Campo]], President (family Evans)<br />
*[[William Beausire]], stockbroker and disappeared prisoner during the military dictatorship<br />
*[[Juan Pablo Bennett]], Army General<br />
*[[Alberto Blest Gana]], writer and diplomat<br />
*[[Claudio Bunster|Claudio Bunster Weitzman]], scientist<br />
*[[Ricardo J. Caballero]], Macroeconomist <br />
*[[Ian Campbell (rugby union)|Ian Campbell]], rugby union player<br />
*[[Julio Canessa|Julio Canessa Roberts]], Army General and politician<br />
*[[Andrés Chadwick Piñera]], politician<br />
*[[Marta Colvin]], sculptor<br />
*[[Enrique Cood|Enrique Cood Ross]], politician and diplomat<br />
*[[Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald]], Navy Vice Admiral<br />
*[[Alejandra Chellew]], businesswoman<br />
*[[Carlos Condell]], Navy Captain and hero of the War of the Pacific<br />
*[[Francisco José Cox]], Catholic Bishop<br />
*[[William Cunningham Blest]], doctor<br />
*[[Agustín Edwards Eastman]], businessman and owner of the [[El Mercurio]] newspaper<br />
*[[Agustín Edwards Mac Clure]], businessman, politician and diplomat<br />
*[[Alejandro Foxley]], academic and politician<br />
*[[Laurence Golborne]], Minister<br />
*[[Marmaduke Grove]], Air Force officer and politician, founder of the Socialist Party of Chile<br />
*[[Luis Eduardo Hicks]], Footballer<br />
*[[Adolfo Holley]], Army General<br />
*[[Francisco Hudson]], Navy officer and hydrographer<br />
*[[Pablo Huneeus]], writer<br />
*[[Stewart Iglehart]], rancher, ice hockey and polo player<br />
*[[Gustavo Leigh|Gustavo Leigh Guzman]], Air Force General and member of the Government Junta of 1973<br />
*[[Bernardo Leighton]], politician<br />
*[[Arturo Longton (television personality)|Arturo Longton]], Actor and TV Personality<br />
*[[Sergio Livingstone|Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer]], football player and TV sports commentator<br />
*[[Harold Mayne-Nicholls]], journalist, FIFA official and former President of the National Professional Football Association and the Chilean Football Federation<br />
*[[Ana Reeves]], actress<br />
*[[Agustín Ross]], politician, diplomat and banker<br />
*[[Carlos Ross]], footballer<br />
*[[Edmundo Searle]], cartoonist<br />
*[[Felipe Seymour]], footballer<br />
*[[Robert Souper|Robert Souper Howard]], Army officer<br />
*[[María Elena Swett]], actress<br />
*[[Sussan Taunton|Sussan Taunton Thomas]], actress<br />
*[[Raimundo Tupper]], footballer<br />
*[[Robert Winthrop Simpson]], Navy officer<br />
*[[Alexander Witt|Alexander Bryan Witt]], filmmaker<br />
*[[Andrés Wood]], filmmaker<br />
*[[Joan Jara]], dancer, former wife (widow) to the Chilean poet and songwriter [[Victor Jara]] <br />
*[[Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna]], Chilean politician, writer, historian and naturalist, Mackenna surname of Irish origin.<br />
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Also to note is that the Australian prime minister [[Chris Watson]] was born in Valparaíso of British/[[New Zealand]] and [[German-Chilean]] parentage. Isabel Allende's first husband, Michael Frias, is of significant British ancestry.<br />
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==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Chile|United Kingdom}}<br />
*[[English Chilean]]<br />
*[[Scottish Chilean]]<br />
*[[Welsh Chilean]]<br />
*[[Irish Chilean]]<br />
*[[Chile–United Kingdom relations]]<br />
*[[Chileans in the Falkland Islands]]<br />
*[[Chileans in the United Kingdom]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
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== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.biografiadechile.cl/detalle.php?IdContenido=1673&IdCategoria=91&IdArea=488&TituloPagina=Historia%20de%20Chile Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX.]<br />
*[http://www.galeon.com/typepad/enlaces2074641.html Ingleses en Chile.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525085846/http://www.galeon.com/typepad/enlaces2074641.html |date=2017-05-25 }}<br />
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{{Ethnic groups in Chile}}<br />
{{British diaspora}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:European diaspora in Chile]]<br />
[[Category:Chilean people of British descent| ]]<br />
[[Category:British diaspora by country|Chile]]<br />
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Chile]]</div>196.117.77.114