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{{Infobox park
| name = Borisova gradina
| image = Borisova-garden-lily-lake.JPG
| image_caption = Lily pond in Borisova gradina
| map = Bulgaria Sofia
| type = Public park
| location = [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]]
| nearest_city = [[Sofia]]
| coordinates = {{coord|42|40|47|N|23|20|29|E|region:BG}}
| area = 3.02 km2
| status = Open all year
|native_name=Борисова градина|native_name_lang=bg|publictransit=[[File:Sofia Metro Logo.svg|18px]] {{rcb|Sofia Metro|M1|croute}} {{rcb|Sofia Metro|M4|croute}} via [[SU St. Kliment Ohridski Metro Station|SU St. Kliment Ohridski]] 
[[File:Sofia Metro Logo.svg|18px]] {{rcb|Sofia Metro|M3|croute}} via [[Orlov Most Metro Station|Orlov Most]]}}
'''Borisova gradina''' or '''Knyaz-Borisova gradina''' ({{langx|bg|Борисова градина or Княз-Борисова градина}}, translated as '''Boris' Garden''' or '''Knyaz Boris' Garden''') is the oldest and best known park in [[Sofia]], the capital of [[Bulgaria]]. Its construction and arrangement began in 1884 and it is named after [[Boris III of Bulgaria|Bulgarian Tsar Boris III]].

The history of the garden embraces three periods under three renowned gardeners. All followed the initial scheme, developing it further and perfecting it instead of making radical changes to the original design.

==History==

===Neff period (1882–1906)===
In 1882, the then-[[mayor of Sofia]] [[Ivan Hadzhienov]] brought [[Switzerland|Swiss]] gardener Daniel Neff from [[Bucharest]] with the intention to create a garden for the capital of Bulgaria. The mayor's initial plans included first establishing a large [[nursery (horticulture)|nursery]] where trees, shrubs and flowers for the future garden would grow, also providing material for the already existing gardens and for the streets.
[[Image:Borisova garden E3.jpg|left|thumb|250px|An alley in Borisova gradina]]

Neff developed the first plan of the garden in the spring of 1882, set up the nursery and built a house for himself, starting construction in 1884. [[Acacia]] trees were originally planted, [[flowerbed]]s were shaped, a small artificial lake was built and this all was fenced with a [[hedge (barrier)|hedge]] of oaks and [[Crataegus|hawthorn]]s. The nursery produced [[sapling]]s that met the needs of the city and were also sold to the citizen. Acacia trees were most widely produced together with [[mulberry]] trees, [[trumpet flower]]s, [[elm tree]]s, [[platanus|plane trees]] and others. The nursery was shaped as a garden in 1885 and had an area of 300,000 m2 in 1886 with four main alleys.

Borisova gradina grew to the southwest in the following years and the large lake was built in 1889. [[Knyaz]] [[Ferdinand of Bulgaria|Ferdinand]] ordered in 1888 the replacement of most acacias with forest oaks, [[sycamore]]s, [[ash tree]]s and [[birch]]es. The next couple of years saw the planting of [[deciduous]] trees from neighbouring forests, as well as [[coniferous]] ones from [[Rila]], [[European Black Pine|black pine]]s and [[spruce]]s.

===Frei period (1906–1934)===
The [[Alsace|Alsatian]] Joseph Frei was appointed manager of all gardens and parks of Sofia in 1906. He reorganized Borisova gradina according to his own plan further developing the one of Neff. In carrying out this plan Frei planted the two main alleys in the lower part of the garden, the [[Tilia|linden]] and [[chestnut]] one, and opened the wide central and two side alleys in the upper part, from the children's playground to the Fish Lake. This period also witnessed the construction of the People's Fountain, later faced with [[Freestone (masonry)|freestone]] to be named the Freestone Fountain.
[[Image:Racho-Angelov-Woodwork-House.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A decorative wooden house in Borisova gradina, a work of the self-taught woodcarver Racho Angelov]]

While Neff was an admirer of acacia trees, Frei had a passion for flowers. He created the Rosarium at the place of removed agricultural buildings, as well as the numerous modern nursery gardens and [[greenhouse|hothouse]]s. The garden was further extended south of the oak forest to the modern [[Dragan Tsankov Boulevard]]. The fruit plantations were gradually replaced with decorative tree and shrub species, pines and spruces, turning the garden into a wonderful park.

===Duhtev period (1934–1944)===
The Bulgarian gardener and specialist Georgi Duhtev became the manager of the Gardens and Parks Service in 1934. During his period, the old Rosarium was extended to embrace 7,000 m2 with over 1,400 new cultivated [[rose]] species being planted by him. The [[Japan]]ese Corner was created in 1940 above the Fish Lake towards [[Tsarigrad Road]]. Plants sent by the Japanese [[minister plenipotentiary]] were used to arrange it. These plants represented the national [[flora of Japan]] and were a gift and a sign of friendship between the Japanese and Bulgarian people.

Around 1942 Borisova gradina embraced an area of 90,500 m2, 68,600 m2 of which planned and 4,400 m2 not, the remainder of 17,350 m2 being built up and including the Summer Swimming Bath, the University Observatory, the Open-air School, the Big Lake, the Yunak and Levski football fields, the tennis club, the diplomatic [[tennis court]], the cycling track and the Yunak [[rectifier|Rectifying]] Station.
[[Image:Borisova gradina autumn.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The waterlily lake in autumn]]

===Later history===
The [[Borisova Gradina TV Tower]] was built 1958–1959. Borisova gradina was last reconstructed in 1986 under Georgi Radoslavov. It was proclaimed a monument of Bulgarian park and garden art the same year.

==Name==

Although [[Knyaz]] Boris became [[Tsar]] in 1918, there is no evidence of the park's name ever having officially changed to reflect this fact. Instead (or, perhaps, ''because'' of this), the word ''Knyaz'' was gradually dropped to become simply ''Boris's Garden''.

After the [[History of Communist Bulgaria|communist regime]] took power in 1944, the park was renamed ''Парк на Свободата'' (''Park na Svobodata'' - "Freedom Park"), until its fall in 1989, when it reverted to its original name.

==References==
{{commons category|Borisova gradina, Sofia}}
* [http://stara-sofia.com/bgradina.html Historical photographs of the Boris' Garden]
* {{cite web |url=http://www.sofia.bg/history.asp?lines=2013&nxt=1&update=all |title=The gardens of Sofia |accessdate=2006-04-30 |publisher=Sofia municipality website |language=Bulgarian |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524041028/http://www.sofia.bg/history.asp?lines=2013&nxt=1&update=all |archivedate=2006-05-24 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180209020922/http://www.panoramio.com/user/1141979/tags/Borissova%20Garden Photos of the Boris' Garden]
{{Sofia landmarks}}
[[Category:Parks in Sofia]]
[[Category:Gardens in Bulgaria]]

Borisova gradina - Revision history

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