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{{Short description|Neighborhood in Central Baghdad, Iraq}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bab al-Mu'adham
| native_name = باب المعظم
| native_name_lang = ar
| settlement_type = Neighborhood
| image_skyline = File:الباب المعظم.jpg
| imagesize = 290px
| image_alt = Al-Bab Al-Muadham intersection and tunnel in Baghdad
| image_caption = A picture of the Bab al-Mu'adham intersection and tunnel
| image_map = 
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Bab al-Mu'adham in [[Baghdad]] Governorate, [[Iraq]]
| pushpin_map = Iraq
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| coordinates = {{coord|33|21|15|N|44|23|27|E|type:city_region:IQ|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|Iraq}}
| subdivision_type1 = Governorate
| subdivision_name1 = [[Baghdad]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Al-Rusafa, Iraq|Rusafa]]
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'''Bab al-Mu'adham''' ({{Langx|ar|باب المعظم}}; also written as '''Bab al-Moatham''' or '''Bab al-Mu'azzam''') is a prominent landmark in [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]]. Bab al-Mu'adham was previously and historically one of the gates of Baghdad during the [[Ottoman Empire]], leading to the mosque of [[Abu Hanifa]], a renowned Islamic scholar. The neighborhood lies to the north of central Baghdad, between the [[Al-Sarafiya Bridge|Sarafiya Bridge]] and al-Sinak Bridge, not far from the [[Tigris River]].

== Name ==
The name "Bab al-Mu'adham" is said to originate from the Imam al-A'dham Mosque (also known as the [[Abu Hanifa Mosque]]), which is located near the area.

== Historical background ==
The area of Bab al-Mu'adham is rich in historical significance, with buildings dating back to the late [[Abbasid]] era, and it continued to be a vital area during the [[Ilkhanate]], [[Jalayirid]], [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]], and later [[Kingdom of Iraq]] periods, all the way up to the [[Republic of Iraq]]. In the past, it was sometimes referred to as '''Bab al-Sultan''' (Gate of the Sultan), a name linked to the [[Turkish people|Turkish]] Sultan [[Toghrul Beg]]. The gate was demolished in either 1923 or 1932, and its location is now near the old Ministry of Defense, between the Sha'ab Hall and the [[Uzbek Mosque]].<ref>[http://khaledausy.blogspot.com/2013/10/blog-post_28.html?q=%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1 خواطر خالد عوسي: الأعظمية..عطر بغداد وأحد أركانها الأساسية] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110224513/http://khaledausy.blogspot.com/2013/10/blog-post_28.html?q=سبع+ابكار |date=10 يناير 2020}}</ref>[[File:Maude in Baghdad.jpg|thumb|Bab al-Mu'adham in March 1917, when [[Stanley Maude]] entered Baghdad|left]]

During the British occupation of Iraq, there was an attempt to rename Bab al-Mu'adham as the "North Gate" and Bab al-Sharji as the "South Gate." However, the original Arabic names persisted, and these names were recorded in English as "north gate" and "south gate".<ref>{{cite book|author1=طارق نافع الحمداني |page=230 |title=نصوص بغدادية نادرة.. الحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لبغداد في المجلات العراقية والعربية}}</ref>

The neighborhood is also home to several significant institutions, including the [[Iraq National Library and Archive]], a campus of the [[University of Baghdad]], and [[Baghdad Medical City]], which are landmarks of modern Baghdad.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} Additionally, it once contained the famous [[Garden of Ridván, Baghdad|Garden of Ridván]], which was a popular site in the city before its transformation over time.<ref name="walbridge">{{cite book |last=Walbridge |first=John |url=http://bahai-library.com/walbridge_encyclopedia_ridvan |title=Sacred Acts, Sacred Space, Sacred Time |publisher=George Ronald |year=2005 |isbn=0-85398-406-9 |location=Oxford, UK |chapter=Ridvan}}</ref>

== Religious significance ==

=== In the Baháʼí Faith ===
The area was home to the wooded garden of the original Garden of Ridván, also known as the . It is notable as the location where [[Baháʼu'lláh]], founder of the [[Baháʼí Faith]], stayed for twelve days from 21 April to 2 May 1863, after the Ottoman Empire had wanted to exile him from Baghdad and before commencing his journey to [[Constantinople]]. The garden was located on the banks of the Tigris river. Also by the side of the river, upstream from [[Mehmed Necib Pasha|Najib Pasha]]'s former palace, was an open space in the garden where one of Baháʼu'lláh's companions raised a tent for him. During his stay, Baháʼu'lláh announced to his followers that he was the [[messianic figure]] of [[He whom God shall make manifest]], whose coming had been foretold by the [[Báb]]. Although the garden no longer exists, the events are celebrated by Baháʼis as the twelve-day festival of [[Ridván]].<ref name="walbridge" />

=== Al-Muradiyya Mosque ===
{{Main article|Al-Muradiyya Mosque}}
An old mosque in the area, located near the [[Iraq National Library and Archive]]. It was built during the rule of Governor [[Murad Pasha]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

=== The Uzbek Mosque ===
{{Main article|Uzbek Mosque}}
A historic mosque near the Ministry of Defense, originally built in 1296 AH (1879 AD).<ref>مساجد باب المعظم {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612030532/http://www.masajediraq.com/index.php?type=place&subv=9 |date=12 June 2017}}</ref>

== Important Landmarks of Bab Al-Moatham ==
{{Full citations needed|date=April 2025}}
* '''[[Al-Maidan Square|Al-Maidan]]:''' The remains of a horse racing field, originally established by Caliph [[Abu Ja'far al-Mansur]] when [[Baghdad]] was founded as the City of Peace.

* '''[[Baghdad Medical City|Medical City]]:''' The largest hospital complex in [[Iraq]], originally named Saddam Medical City during the era of president [[Saddam Hussein]].

* '''Sha'ab Hall''' Previously known as King [[Faisal II]] Hall.

* '''[[Iraq National Library and Archive]]''' A major cultural institution preserving Iraq’s historical records.<ref>[http://www.iraqnla.org Iraq National Library and Archives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611150847/http://www.iraqnla.org/ |date=11 June 2018}}</ref>

* '''[[Natural History Museum (Baghdad)|Natural History Museum]]''' A museum affiliated with the [[University of Baghdad]].<ref>[http://www.panoramio.com/photo/17645260 Panoramio - Photo of Natural History Museum at University of Baghdad, Bab Al-Moatham Complex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230044435/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/17645260 |date=30 December 2017}}</ref>

* '''[[Ministry of Defense (Iraq)|Ministry of Defense]]''' The old ministry headquarters, in use from 1932 to 2003.

* '''[[Ministry of Health (Iraq)|Ministry of Health]]''' The headquarters of the Iraqi Ministry of Health.

* '''Ministry of Religious Endowments''' Functioned as the ministry's headquarters before 2003.

* '''Bab Al-Mu'adham Garage''' A major transportation hub in [[Baghdad]], located between the Bab Al-Moatham complex and the College of Engineering.

=== Educational Institutions ===
[[File:Baghdad Medical City 2017.jpg|thumb|Baghdad Medical City, a major hospital complex in Bab al-Mu'adham, Baghdad.]]
* '''University of Baghdad Colleges Complex''':
* College of Medicine, University of Baghdad
* College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad
* College of Education, University of Baghdad
* College of Sharia, University of Baghdad
* College of Arts, University of Baghdad
* College of Languages, University of Baghdad
* College of Media, University of Baghdad
* College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad
* College of Fine Arts, University of Baghdad
* Institute of Administration
* University of Baghdad College of Dentistry
* Mustansiriyah University College of Engineering
* Arab Academics University<ref>{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210071225/http://arabacademicsuniversity.com/ |date=10 February 2011}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Administrative districts in Baghdad}}

[[Category:Neighborhoods in Baghdad|Bab]]

{{Baghdad-stub}}
{{Iraq-geo-stub}}

Bab al-Mu'adham - Revision history

imported>Arjayay: Duplicate word removed