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{{Short description|Latvian newspaper}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=May 2022}}
{{Italic title}}
'''''Atmoda''''' ('Awakening' in [[Latvian language|Latvian]]) was a weekly newspaper in [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic|Latvian SSR]] and [[Latvia]] issued from December 1988 to April 1992. It was published by the [[Popular Front of Latvia]] (PFL) and was the first independent, opposition paper in the Latvian SSR. The name of the newspaper is a reference to Latvian revival movements known as the [[Latvian National Awakening]]s.

For most of its run, the chief editor of ''Atmoda'' was journalist [[Elita Veidemane]], and its editorial policy was independent from the PFL leadership.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AukTAQAAMAAJ&q=newspaper+atmoda|title=Latvian News Digest: American Latvian Association in the United States, Inc., Information Bureau Publication|date=1990|publisher=The Bureau|pages=1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WujCX6lckp8C&q=newspaper+atmoda&pg=PA24|title=Renewal and Challenge: The Baltic States, 1988-1989|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1990|pages=24.–25|language=en}}</ref> The newspaper was issued in the Latvian and Russian languages, with the [[English language|English]] edition ''Awakening'' being published every month. Initially issued under the same name ({{Langx|ru|Атмода}}), in 1990 the Russian edition was renamed to ''Baltijskoje vremja'' ({{Langx|ru|Балтийское время}}, 'The Baltic Times'). Many [[Russians in Latvia|Russian people of culture and science in Latvia]] supported the PFL. The newspaper was popular not only in Latvia, but among the population of the [[Soviet Union]], and the Russian edition peaked at 80,000 in circulation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Dimants|first=Ainārs|title=Atmoda|url=https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/64465|access-date=2020-12-18|website=[[Latvian National Encyclopedia]]|language=lv}}</ref> The Latvian and Russian editions had a total print run of 165,000 in 1989.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=PEI|first1=Minxin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIBkcKeIF3wC&q=+atmoda&pg=PA188|title=From Reform to Revolution: The Demise of Communism in China and the Soviet Union|last2=Pei|first2=Minxin|date=2009-06-30|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-04197-4|pages=188|language=en}}</ref>

Atmoda, as a token of recognition of rights of [[Russians]] by PFL, was a ground of insinuations by competing more radical nationalist political parties, such as [[Latvian National Independence Movement]], that PFL was ridden with Moscow [[KGB]] spies to control the national movement in Latvia.

In January 1991, Communist functionaries occupied the national print house claiming it was party property, and Atmoda had to be printed in [[Šiauliai]].

Both foreign-language editions were discontinued in 1992.<ref name=":0" /> In 1993, a dispute erupted about the fate of [[mass media]] in the new independent state. PFL wanted to see Atmoda as an organ of party, while journalists stood on freedom of the press. This resulted in a court suit for the division of assets and the appearance of various splinter newspapers and magazines, notably ''Atmoda Atpūtā'' led by Veidemane which was published until 1996. The last issue of Atmoda was published on April 7, 1992, although the information bulletin version of the paper was issued by the PFL until 1994.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Bruce J. Evensen, ''The Role of Mass Media in a Newly Emerging Democracy: The Latvian Case Study'', 1994 [[AEJMC]] Proc. pp. 47–71.
* http://www.latvija20gadsimts.lv/apkopojums/notikumu-hronologija/tresa-atmoda/

[[Category:1988 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1992 disestablishments in Latvia]]
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Latvia]]
[[Category:Defunct weekly newspapers]]
[[Category:Latvian-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1988]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1992]]
[[Category:Russian-language newspapers published in Latvia]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Latvia]]

Atmoda - Revision history

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