Apollo Lunar Module - Revision history

imported>Beland: prepare for upcoming Template:Convert output change (avoid inconsistent unit notation) (via WP:JWB)

2025-12-17T08:02:46Z

prepare for upcoming Template:Convert output change (avoid inconsistent unit notation) (via WP:JWB)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:02, 17 December 2025
Line 27:		Line 27:
	\| payload_capacity =		\| payload_capacity =
	\| crew_capacity = 2		\| crew_capacity = 2
	\| volume = {{convert\|235\|~~cuft~~\|m3\|abbr=on}}		\| volume = {{convert\|235\|ft3\|m3\|abbr=on}}
	\| power = 28 V DC, 115 V 400 Hz AC		\| power = 28 V DC, 115 V 400 Hz AC
	\| batteries = Six or seven 28–32-volt, 296-416 [[ampere hour]] [[silver zinc battery]]		\| batteries = Six or seven 28–32-volt, 296-416 [[ampere hour]] [[silver zinc battery]]
Line 137:		Line 137:
	===Design phase===		===Design phase===
	[[File:Lunar Lander Model.jpg\|thumb\|This 1963 model depicts the second LEM design, which gave rise to informal references as "the bug".]]		[[File:Lunar Lander Model.jpg\|thumb\|This 1963 model depicts the second LEM design, which gave rise to informal references as "the bug".]]
			[[File:The Apollo 5 Mission NASA Apollo Program Lunar Module.webm\|thumb\|''The Apollo 5 Mission'' (1968), [[NASA]]'s [[Apollo 5]] information film reel focused on the Apollo Lunar Module.]]
	The Apollo Lunar Module was chiefly designed by Grumman aerospace engineer [[Thomas J. Kelly (aerospace engineer)\|Thomas J. Kelly]].<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/27/nyregion/t-j-kelly-72-dies-father-of-lunar-module.html\|title=T. J. Kelly, 72, Dies; Father of Lunar Module\|first=Warren E.\|last=Leary\|newspaper=The New York Times\|date=March 27, 2002\|access-date=February 18, 2017\|archive-date=June 23, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623183449/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/27/nyregion/t-j-kelly-72-dies-father-of-lunar-module.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> The first LEM design looked like a smaller version of the Apollo command and service module (a cone-shaped cabin atop a cylindrical propulsion section) with folding legs. The second design invoked the idea of a helicopter cockpit with large curved windows and seats to improve the astronauts' visibility for hover and landing. This also included a second, forward docking port, allowing the LEM crew to take an active role in docking with the CSM.		The Apollo Lunar Module was chiefly designed by Grumman aerospace engineer [[Thomas J. Kelly (aerospace engineer)\|Thomas J. Kelly]].<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/27/nyregion/t-j-kelly-72-dies-father-of-lunar-module.html\|title=T. J. Kelly, 72, Dies; Father of Lunar Module\|first=Warren E.\|last=Leary\|newspaper=The New York Times\|date=March 27, 2002\|access-date=February 18, 2017\|archive-date=June 23, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623183449/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/27/nyregion/t-j-kelly-72-dies-father-of-lunar-module.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> The first LEM design looked like a smaller version of the Apollo command and service module (a cone-shaped cabin atop a cylindrical propulsion section) with folding legs. The second design invoked the idea of a helicopter cockpit with large curved windows and seats to improve the astronauts' visibility for hover and landing. This also included a second, forward docking port, allowing the LEM crew to take an active role in docking with the CSM.

Line 145:		Line 146:
	Power was initially to be produced by [[fuel cell]]s built by [[Pratt and Whitney]] similar to the CSM, but in March 1965 these were discarded in favor of an all-battery design.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lmerical.htm\|title=LM Electrical\|publisher=[[Encyclopedia Astronautica]]\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201084039/http://astronautix.com/craft/lmerical.htm\|archive-date=February 1, 2010}}</ref>		Power was initially to be produced by [[fuel cell]]s built by [[Pratt and Whitney]] similar to the CSM, but in March 1965 these were discarded in favor of an all-battery design.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lmerical.htm\|title=LM Electrical\|publisher=[[Encyclopedia Astronautica]]\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201084039/http://astronautix.com/craft/lmerical.htm\|archive-date=February 1, 2010}}</ref>

			[[File:Moon Mission 1967.webm\|thumb\|''Moon Mission'' (1967) Official NASA Apollo Program information film reel.]]
	The initial design had three landing legs, the lightest possible configuration. But as any particular leg would have to carry the weight of the vehicle if it landed at a significant angle, this was also the least stable configuration if one of the legs were damaged during landing. The next landing gear design iteration had five legs and was the most stable configuration for landing on an unknown terrain. That configuration, however, was too heavy and the designers compromised on four landing legs.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lmlggear.htm\|title=LM Landing Gear\|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201083530/http://astronautix.com/craft/lmlggear.htm\|archive-date=February 1, 2010}}</ref>		The initial design had three landing legs, the lightest possible configuration. But as any particular leg would have to carry the weight of the vehicle if it landed at a significant angle, this was also the least stable configuration if one of the legs were damaged during landing. The next landing gear design iteration had five legs and was the most stable configuration for landing on an unknown terrain. That configuration, however, was too heavy and the designers compromised on four landing legs.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lmlggear.htm\|title=LM Landing Gear\|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201083530/http://astronautix.com/craft/lmlggear.htm\|archive-date=February 1, 2010}}</ref>

Line 205:		Line 207:

	* Crew: 2		* Crew: 2
	* Crew cabin volume: {{convert\|235\|~~cuft~~\|m3\|abbr=on}}		* Crew cabin volume: {{convert\|235\|ft3\|m3\|abbr=on}}
	* Habitable volume: {{convert\|160\|~~cuft~~\|m3\|abbr=on}}		* Habitable volume: {{convert\|160\|ft3\|m3\|abbr=on}}
	* Crew compartment height: {{convert\|7\|ft\|8\|in\|m\|abbr=on}}		* Crew compartment height: {{convert\|7\|ft\|8\|in\|m\|abbr=on}}
	* Crew compartment depth: {{convert\|3\|ft\|6\|in\|m\|abbr=on}}		* Crew compartment depth: {{convert\|3\|ft\|6\|in\|m\|abbr=on}}

imported>MrBart31: Changed a link to a correct type of battery (previous was for zinc oxide) which according to wiki has similar chemistry but one is primary (disposable) and another secondary (rechargeable).

2025-09-05T23:04:10Z

Changed a link to a correct type of battery (previous was for zinc oxide) which according to wiki has similar chemistry but one is primary (disposable) and another secondary (rechargeable).

Show changes

184.145.73.249 at 13:22, 30 June 2025

2025-06-30T13:22:37Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:22, 30 June 2025
Line 85:		Line 85:
	}}		}}

	The '''Apollo Lunar Module''' ('''LM''' {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|l\|ɛ\|m}}), originally designated the '''Lunar Excursion Module''' ('''LEM'''), was the [[lunar lander]] [[spacecraft]] that was flown between [[lunar orbit]] and the Moon's surface during the United States' [[Apollo program]]. It was the first crewed spacecraft to operate exclusively in ~~the airless vacuum of~~ space, and remains the only crewed vehicle to land anywhere beyond Earth.		The '''Apollo Lunar Module''' ('''LM''' {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|l\|ɛ\|m}}), originally designated the '''Lunar Excursion Module''' ('''LEM'''), was the [[lunar lander]] [[spacecraft]] that was flown between [[lunar orbit]] and the Moon's surface during the United States' [[Apollo program]]. It was the first crewed spacecraft to operate exclusively in space, and remains the only crewed vehicle to land anywhere beyond Earth.

	Structurally and aerodynamically incapable of flight through Earth's atmosphere, the [[Multistage rocket \|two-stage]] Lunar Module was ferried to lunar orbit attached to the [[Apollo command and service module]] (CSM), about twice its mass. Its crew of two flew the Lunar Module from lunar orbit to the Moon's surface. During takeoff, the spent descent stage was used as a launch pad for the ascent stage which then [[Lunar orbit rendezvous\|flew back to the command module]], after which it was also discarded.		Structurally and aerodynamically incapable of flight through Earth's atmosphere, the [[Multistage rocket \|two-stage]] Lunar Module was ferried to lunar orbit attached to the [[Apollo command and service module]] (CSM), about twice its mass. Its crew of two flew the Lunar Module from lunar orbit to the Moon's surface. During takeoff, the spent descent stage was used as a launch pad for the ascent stage which then [[Lunar orbit rendezvous\|flew back to the command module]], after which it was also discarded.

imported>MusikBot II: Removing protection templates from unprotected page (more info)

2025-06-14T17:00:08Z

Removing protection templates from unprotected page (more info)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:00, 14 June 2025
Line 371:		Line 371:
	\| [[Apollo 13]]		\| [[Apollo 13]]
	\| April 11, 1970		\| April 11, 1970
	\| Re-entered Earth's atmosphere		\| Successfully served as a lifeboat for the crew for four days after the critical failure of the Service module. Re-entered Earth's atmosphere and burned up over Fiji
	\| [[File:Apollo 13 Lunar Module.jpg\|100px]]		\| [[File:Apollo 13 Lunar Module.jpg\|100px]]
	\|-		\|-

imported>Joyous!: Reverted 1 edit by 75.118.52.100 (talk) to last revision by Cverlo

2025-05-13T21:41:40Z

Reverted 1 edit by 75.118.52.100 (talk) to last revision by Cverlo

Show changes