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Reverted 1 edit by 213.94.47.170 (talk) to last revision by GreenC bot

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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Andéramboukane
| other_name =
| native_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Cercles of Mali|Cercle]] and town
| motto = 
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Mali
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Mali
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|Mali}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Mali|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ménaka Region|Ménaka]]
| subdivision_type2 = Control
| subdivision_name2 = {{Flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State in the Greater Sahara]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://acleddata.com/2023/01/13/actor-profile-the-islamic-state-sahel-province/ | title=Actor Profile: The Islamic State Sahel Province | date=13 January 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UN sounds alarm over jihadist terror toll in Sahel region|url=https://thearabweekly.com/un-sounds-alarm-over-jihadist-terror-toll-sahel-region|date=1 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Islamic State in the Greater Sahara|url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/wp-content/uploads/Islamic-State-in-the-Greater-Sahara-Data.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.counterextremism.com/blog/cep-kas-sahel-monitoring-december-2022 | title=CEP-KAS: Sahel Monitoring December 2022 }}</ref>
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 = |
| government_footnotes =
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| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = 
| leader_name1 =
| established_title = 
| established_date = 
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = 
| area_footnotes = <ref name=communes>{{citation|title=Common and Fundamental Operational Datasets Registry: Mali |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs |url=http://cod.humanitarianresponse.info/country-region/mali |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214211137/http://cod.humanitarianresponse.info/country-region/Mali |archivedate=2012-12-14 }}. commune_mali.zip (Originally from the Direction Nationale des Collectivités Territoriales, République du Mali)</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 6684 
| area_land_km2 = 
| population_as_of = 2009 census
| population_footnotes = <ref name=pop2009>{{citation
|url=http://instat.gov.ml/documentation/gao.pdf
|publisher=République de Mali: Institut National de la Statistique
|title=Resultats Provisoires RGPH 2009 (Région de Gao)
|language=French
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722215718/http://instat.gov.ml/documentation/gao.pdf
|archivedate=2011-07-22
}}.</ref>
| population_note =
| population_total = 18688
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
| timezone = [[GMT]]
| utc_offset = +0
| timezone_DST = ''not observed''
| utc_offset_DST = +0
| coordinates = {{coord|15|25|42|N|3|1|6|E|region:ML|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = 
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| blank_name =
| blank_info =
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| blank1_info =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Andéramboukane''' (var. '''Andéramboucane''') is a town and [[Cercles of Mali|''cercle'']] in [[Ménaka Region]], [[Mali]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://minusma.unmissions.org/premi%C3%A8re-caravane-de-la-paix-dans-la-nouvelle-r%C3%A9gion-de-m%C3%A9naka-la-minusma-s%E2%80%99associe-aux-autorit%C3%A9s |title=Première caravane de la paix dans la nouvelle région de Ménaka : la MINUSMA s'associe aux autorités régionales pour sa réussite |language=fr |publisher=[[MINUSMA]] |date=28 November 2016 |access-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> It lies at the extreme east of the country, several kilometers north of the [[Mali–Niger border|Nigerien border]]. It was previously a [[Communes of Mali|commune]] in [[Ménaka Cercle]] but was promoted to the status of a ''cercle'' when [[Ménaka Region]] was implemented in 2016.

Andéramboukane is a rural, isolated, and largely desert area, crisscrossed by seasonal [[wadi]]s, part of an ancient dry river system of the [[Azawagh]] region (the [[Iullemmeden Basin]]). The area is just south of the rocky outcrops of the Ader Douchi hills, and north of the [[Sahel]] scrubland which begins in [[Niger]]. Most of the population of the area are nomadic [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] or other [[nomad]]ic [[ethnic minority|minorities]], including the [[Wodaabe]] [[Fula people|Fula]]. The sedentary population is a largely low caste Tuareg community. The town is a seasonal gathering point for the [[Kel Dinnik]] Tuareg confederation, who travel from the desert [[Azawagh]] in the rainy season and the [[Niger River]] valley in the dry season.<ref name="Imperato1986">{{Cite book |last=Imperato |first=Pascal James |title=Historical Dictionary of Mali |publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Metuchen NJ - London |year=1986 |isbn=0-8108-1369-6 | pages=85, 144–145, 193 }}</ref> Since the 1990s, the town has hosted a formalised version of the traditional fairs that take place at beginning of the southward transhumance cycle. This festival, named [[Tamadacht]], has become a showcase of traditional and contemporary Tuareg and [[Wodaabe]] music, dance, sport, performance, and arts.

==Lawlessness==
The area around Andéramboukane has a reputation for lawlessness. Since the 1990s, there have been conflicts between Nigerien [[Fula people|Fula]] and [[Mali]]an Tuareg cattle herders in the area, and the theft of animals has been a regular occurrence. In addition, the vast empty border region is used as a route to smuggle drugs, alcohol, weapons and illegal migrants from tropical Africa to the Mediterranean.<ref>[http://info.rsr.ch/fr/news/Touristes_suisses_enleves_au_Mali_pas_de_nouvelles.html?siteSect=2010&sid=10237766&cKey=1232741381000 Une zone désertique et dangereuse]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. RSR Swiss news. 23 January 2009.</ref>

Andéramboukane was a center of [[Ag El Insar Firhoun]]'s Malian rising in the larger [[Kaocen Revolt|1916 Tuareg Rebellion]], after Firhoun's rebels fled the French colonial forces from their homes near [[Goundam]] in the [[Timbuktu]] area. The region was controlled by rebel forces during the [[Tuareg Rebellion (1961-1964)|1961–1964]], [[Tuareg Rebellion (1990–1995)|1990–1995]], [[Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)|2007–2009]], and the [[Tuareg Rebellion (2012)|2012]] Tuareg Rebellions.

===2009 kidnapping===
On 22 January 2009, four foreign tourists were kidnapped in Ménaka Cercle, while traveling by car from a festival at Andéramboukane on the main road to [[Ménaka]], and on to [[Gao]]. One Briton, one German, and two Swiss citizens were reportedly kidnapped. One of their vehicles escaped the attack, and one which was seized was later found abandoned across the border near [[Bani-Bangou]], [[Niger]].<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=86&art_id=nw20090122211150249C583500 Tourists 'kidnapped in Niger']. January 22, 2009. AFP.</ref><ref>[http://www.afrik.com/breve15443.html Mali - Niger. Des touristes européens enlevés au Niger]. January 22, 2009. Afrik</ref><ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/01/200912221442820657.html European tourists seized in Niger]. 23 January 2009. Al Jazeera.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200928032442/https://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKLM333916 Mali says Tuareg rebels abduct group of tourists]. Thu Jan 22, 2009. Reuters.</ref>

On 1 June, an [[Al-Qaeda involvement in Africa|Al-Qaeda]] website claimed that the Briton, Edwin Dyer, had been killed following demands for the release of the radical Muslim cleric [[Abu Qatada al-Filistini|Abu Qatada]] from a British jail.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8080447.stm Al-Qaeda 'kills British hostage']</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Mali}}
*{{citation | title=Plan de Sécurité Alimentaire Commune Rurale de Anderamboukane 2005-2009 | publisher=Commissariat à la Sécurité Alimentaire, République du Mali, USAID-Mali | year=2005 | url=http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mali_fd_strtgy/plans/gao/Menaka/P_S_A_Anderamboukane_vf.pdf | language=French | ref=none | access-date=2012-07-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921090608/http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mali_fd_strtgy/plans/gao/Menaka/P_S_A_Anderamboukane_vf.pdf | archive-date=2012-09-21 | url-status=dead }}.
*{{citation | title= Etude Santé Mobile: Analyse de l'état de la santé mobile à Andéramboukane et propositions pour rendre le système plus efficace et durable | url= http://www.bndr-mali.org/bnn-mali/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=1392&Itemid=53 | publisher= Stagiaire SNV Gao | language= French | type= English summary | ref= none }}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.
*{{citation | title=Situation des points d'eau modernes au Mali en 2003: Commune de Anderamboukane | url=http://www.bndr-mali.org/bnn-mali/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=341&Itemid=53 | year=2003 | publisher=Ministère des Mines, de l'Energie et de l'Eau, République du Mali | ref=none }}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anderamboukane}}
[[Category:Populated places in Ménaka Region]]
[[Category:Cercles of Mali]]

Andéramboukane - Revision history

imported>KylieTastic: Reverted 1 edit by 213.94.47.170 (talk) to last revision by GreenC bot