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{{Short description|Internet Exchange Point in the Netherlands}}
{{Infobox Internet exchange point
| name = Amsterdam Internet Exchange
| image = Ams-ix-logo-RGB black-orange.svg
| image_size = 120px
| full_name = Amsterdam Internet Exchange
| abbreviation = AMS-IX
| founded = 1997 (unofficially 1994)
| location = {{NLD}}, [[Amsterdam]]
| members = 882<ref name="connected2016">{{cite web |url=https://ams-ix.net/connected/ |title=Connected networks |website=ams-ix.net |publisher=AMS-IX |access-date=31 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105210123/https://ams-ix.net/connected/ |archivedate=5 November 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ports = 1,493 <ref name="connected2016"/>
| peers = 1,316 <ref name="connected2016"/>
| website = {{URL|https://www.ams-ix.net/}}
| peak = 
| peak_in = 12.019 Tb/s<ref name="technical-statistics"/>
| peak_out = 12.075 Tb/s<ref name="technical-statistics"/>
| daily = 
| daily_in = 8.582 Tb/s<ref name="technical-statistics"/>
| daily_out = 8.619 Tb/s<ref name="technical-statistics"/>
| module = {{Infobox network service provider|child=yes}}
}}

The '''Amsterdam Internet Exchange''' ('''AMS-IX''') is an [[Internet exchange point]] based in [[Amsterdam]], in the [[Netherlands]]. Established in the early 1990s, AMS-IX is a non-profit, neutral and independent [[peering]] point.

==History==
<div style="float: right;">
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | Year
! style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | Peak traffic
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2002
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 12 Gbit/s<ref name="annualreport2003">[http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AMSIX_JV_2003_Definitief.pdf Annual Report 2003] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513163431/http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AMSIX_JV_2003_Definitief.pdf |date=May 13, 2008 }}. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.</ref>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2003
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 21 Gbit/s<ref name="annualreport2003"/>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2004
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 48 Gbit/s<ref name="annualreport2004">[http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AR2004_DEF.pdf Annual Report 2004] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513163929/http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AR2004_DEF.pdf |date=May 13, 2008 }}. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.</ref>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2005
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 120 Gbit/s<ref name="annualreport2006">[http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AR_AMS-IX_2006.pdf Annual Report 2006] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513163554/http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AR_AMS-IX_2006.pdf |date=May 13, 2008 }}. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.</ref>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2006
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 220 Gbit/s<ref name="annualreport2006"/>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2007
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 374 Gbit/s<ref name="annualreport2007">[http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AR_AMS-IX_2007.pdf Annual Report 2007] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122062248/http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AR_AMS-IX_2007.pdf |date=November 22, 2008 }}. Retrieved on 2008-10-01.</ref>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2008
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 440 Gbit/s<ref name="annualreport2008">[http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AR_AMS-IX_2008.pdf Annual Report 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608010412/http://www.ams-ix.net/about/AR_AMS-IX_2008.pdf |date=2011-06-08 }}. Retrieved on 2009-07-08.</ref>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2009
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 610 Gbit/s
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2010
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 1 Tbit/s<ref>{{cite web|url=http://twitpic.com/2ofl2i |title=Share photos and videos on Twitter |publisher=Twitpic |date= |accessdate=2012-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2011
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 1.2 Tbit/s
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2012
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2 Tbit/s
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2013
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2.5 Tbit/s
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2014
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 3.3 Tbit/s<ref name="technical-statistics">{{cite web |url=https://www.ams-ix.net/ams/documentation/total-stats |title=Total statistics |date=4 October 2023 |website=ams-ix.net |publisher=AMS-IX |access-date=4 October 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105211123/https://ams-ix.net/technical/statistics |archivedate=5 November 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2015
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 4.2 Tbit/s<ref name="technical-statistics"/>
|-
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 2016
| style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;" | 5.2 Tbit/s<ref name="technical-statistics"/>
|-
|2017
|5.5 Tbit/s
|-
|2018
|6.322 Tbit/s
|-
|2019
|7.1 Tbit/s
|-
|2020
|10.287 Tbit/s
|-
|2024
|12 Tbit/s
|}
</div>

In February 1994, a [[layer 2]] shared infrastructure, used between academic institutes, was connected with [[CERN]] to exchange traffic. Other [[Internet service provider]]s were allowed to connect and the name AMS-IX was first used. In 1997, the AMS-IX Association was founded by twenty of the connected Internet service providers and carriers.<ref name="annualreport2006"/>

In 2002, the [[Neutral Internet Exchange]] was founded as an alternative or backup for the Amsterdam Internet Exchange.<ref>{{cite web
| title = NL-ix News
| work = nl-ix.net
| publisher = Netherlands Internet Exchange
| url = http://www.nl-ix.net/news.php
| accessdate = 2008-09-11 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080927122832/http://www.nl-ix.net/news.php| archivedate= 27 September 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>

in November 2008 The total amount of data transferred by month was 75,940 TB (Avg. incoming and outgoing) . By April 2009, it had grown to 124,550 TB, 64% more in a 5-month period. {{As of|2011|1|5}}, AMS-IX connected 396 members on 684 ports<ref name="connected2011">{{cite web
| title = Member list
| work = ams-ix.net
| publisher = Amsterdam Internet Exchange
| url = https://www.ams-ix.net/connected/
| accessdate = 2011-01-05 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101212174146/https://ams-ix.net/connected/| archivedate= 12 December 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> and had peak incoming traffic of 1.513 [[Terabit per second|Tbit/s]] and of outgoing traffic 1.512 Tbit/s (compared to 0.833 Tbit/s average incoming and outgoing in January 2012.<ref name="traffic">{{cite web
| title = AMS-IX - Traffic
| work = ams-ix.net
| publisher = Amsterdam Internet Exchange
| date = 2011-01-05
| url = https://www.ams-ix.net/statistics/
| accessdate = 2011-01-05 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101212110006/https://ams-ix.net/statistics/| archivedate= 12 December 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>) In November 2016, AMS-IX broke through the 5 Tbit/s ceiling.

These traffic speeds made the Amsterdam Internet Exchange the [[List of Internet Exchange Points by size|second largest Internet exchange]] in the world in 2010, when measured by number of connected members and by Internet traffic, next to the [[DE-CIX|Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange]]<ref>[http://www.de-cix.net/content/network/statistics.html Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange Traffic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917131133/http://www.de-cix.net/content/network/statistics.html |date=2009-09-17 }}. Retrieved on 2010-03-12.</ref> (traffic).

In September 2013, the board voted to create a legal framework to facilitate an expansion into the United States.<ref>
{{citation
|url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130929/15054924692/amsterdam-internet-exchange-volunteering-to-be-governed-fisa-patriot-act.shtml
|title=Europe's Largest Internet Exchange Decides To Open US Office, Risks Making Itself Subject To NSA Demands
|last=Moody
|first=Glyn
|publisher=Techdirt
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002102014/http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130929/15054924692/amsterdam-internet-exchange-volunteering-to-be-governed-fisa-patriot-act.shtml
|archivedate=2013-10-02
|url-status=live
}}
</ref> An AMS-IX press release said that: {{quote|1=The chosen structure will need to protect AMS-IX's current operation and the AMS-IX Association's customers and members from commercial, legal, financial and technical risks and, more specifically, from interception activities by US government agencies.<ref>
{{cite press release
|url=https://www.ams-ix.net/newsitems/104
|title=Majority of AMS-IX Members Support Set Up of US-based Legal Entity
|date=2013-09-28
|publisher=AMS-IX
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224122814/https://www.ams-ix.net/newsitems/104
|archivedate=2013-12-24
|quote=In an extraordinary General Meeting (GM) held on 27 September 2013, AMS-IX members approved the set up of a US-based legal entity by a majority of votes.
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>}} [[SURFnet]], a member of the exchange, had expressed its objection to the proposal, citing the possibility that such interception would be demanded.<ref>
{{citation
|url=http://www.nltimes.nl/2013/09/27/surfnet-also-fears-nsa/
|title=SURFnet Also Fears NSA
|last=Graanoogst
|first=Audrey
|date=2013-09-27
|publisher=nltimes.nl
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125230945/http://www.nltimes.nl/2013/09/27/surfnet-also-fears-nsa/
|archivedate=2014-01-25
|quote=In an email to fellow members SURFnet explains that it is against the plan, partly because there are concerns about the eavesdropping capabilities of Americans.
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>
AMS-IX has increased its average internet traffic from about 5 Tbps in March 2020 to about 7 Tbps in March 2021.<ref>
{{citation
|url=https://www.stackscale.com/blog/internet-traffic-growth-2020-2021/#Internet_traffic_growth_in_AMS-IX
|title=Internet traffic growth in AMS-IX
|date=2021-03-31
|publisher=Stackscale
}}
</ref>

[[Image:AMS-IX optical patch panel.jpg|thumb|A [[fiber optic]] [[patch panel]] at the AMS-IX]]
[[Image:AMS-IX core cage eun.jpg|thumb|The AMS-IX core cage at euNetworks]]

==Co-locations==
AMS-IX members are able to connect at 16 locations, all located within the greater Amsterdam/Rotterdam area:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ams-ix.net/ams/colocations|title=Colocations|publisher=AMS-IX|access-date=2016-07-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Internetknooppunt AMS-IX breidt uit naar Rotterdam en Naaldwijk |url=https://tweakers.net/nieuws/184354/internetknooppunt-ams-ix-breidt-uit-naar-rotterdam-en-naaldwijk.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Tweakers |language=NL}}</ref>

* Digital Realty AMS5 (Formerly [[Interxion]] [[Schiphol]] Rijk)
* Digital Realty AMS9 (formerly Interxion Science Park, Vancis, SARA)
* Digital Realty AMS17
* Digital Realty AMS18 (formerly Telecity AMS4)
* Equinix AM1/2 (South East)
* Equinix AM3 (Science Park)
* Equinix AM5 (formerly TeleCity AMS5)
* Equinix AM6 (formerly TeleCity AMS6)
* Equinix AM7 (formerly TeleCity AMS2)
* euNetworks (Amsterdam Amstel Business Park)
* [[GlobalSwitch]] ([[Slotervaart (former borough)|Slotervaart]])
* Greenhouse Datacenters
* Iron Mountain (formerly [[Evoswitch]] [[Haarlem]])
* [[NIKHEF]] ([[Science Park Amsterdam]])
* NorthC Amsterdam (Formerly Datacenter Group)
* SmartDC (Rotterdam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Internetknooppunt AMS-IX breidt uit naar Rotterdam en Naaldwijk |url=https://tweakers.net/nieuws/184354/internetknooppunt-ams-ix-breidt-uit-naar-rotterdam-en-naaldwijk.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Tweakers |language=NL}}</ref>)

Third-party network transport links also offer access to AMS-IX peering VLAN via "Reseller Program". Under the program, reseller could arrange one physical connection toward AMS-IX platform (now solely a 10G connection, but in prospect of going to 100G), and multiplexes "virtual-link" of other parties that connect to AMS-IX peering VLAN.<ref>[https://ams-ix.net/connect-to-ams-ix/partner-program Partnerpage AMS-IX site] visited on 26 feb 2015</ref>

==Network==
The AMS-IX platform is continually evolving due to its rapid growth in traffic and number of connected member ports. Up until the end of 2009, it was using a redundant [[hub-spoke distribution paradigm|hub-spoke]] architecture using a core switch and multiple edge switches.<ref name="topology">{{cite web
|title = AMS-IX topology
|url = http://www.ams-ix.net/technical/topology.html
|accessdate = 2008-05-22
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515062716/http://www.ams-ix.net/technical/topology.html
|archivedate = 2008-05-15
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> This double-star topology had the advantage of being able to perform maintenance on the network without any impact on customer traffic, and to anticipate on fiber and equipment problems by (automatically) switching to the backup topology as soon as a failure in one of the active components occurs. The active switching topology star is determined by means of the [[Virtual Switch Redundancy Protocol|VSRP]] protocol. This topology is AMS-IX version 3.

However, since 2009; AMS-IX platform has migrated from a pure Layer2 network to a VPLS/MPLS network (using Brocade hardware) in order to cope with future growth (this is AMS-IX version 4).<ref name="infrastructure">{{cite web
|title=The AMS-IX MPLS/VPLS infrastructure
|url=http://www.ams-ix.net/infrastructure-detail/
|accessdate=2011-02-25
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212155126/https://ams-ix.net/infrastructure-detail/
|archivedate=2010-12-12
}}</ref>

AMS-IX members connect to the platform with 1, 10, 100 Gbit/s Ethernet connections, or using multiple [[Gigabit Ethernet|gigabit]] or [[10 Gigabit Ethernet|10 gigabit]] [[Link aggregation|aggregated ports]], utilizing the [[802.3ad]] standard. Gigabit Ethernet and lower speed ports are directly connected to Brocade - [[Foundry Networks]] BigIron 15000 or RX-8 [[network switch]]es. 10 gigabit member ports are connected to [[Glimmerglass Systems]] photonic switches which maintain an optical connection to the stub switch on the currently active side of the network, following the VSRP protocol. For each 10-gigabit port there is an active and a backup stub switch, for which BigIron RX-8, RX-16 or NetIron MLX-16 switches are used. The core consists of two Brocade NetIron MLX-32 switches, to which all edge switches are connected using 10 gigabit aggregated connections and [[Wavelength-division multiplexing|WDM]] technology.

With the new VPLS/MPLS setup; the BigIron RX and legacy BigIron 15000 are no longer in-use. AMS-IX has migrated all the hardware to the MPLS-capable MLX platform. Stub switch is either MLX-8, MLX-16 or MLX-32.

Since May 2011, AMS-IX engineers have started testing 100GE along with LimeLight Network.

==See also==
* [[List of Internet exchange points]]
*[[Netherlands Internet Exchange|Netherlands Internet Exchange (NL-ix)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Commons category|Amsterdam Internet Exchange}}
*{{Official website|https://www.ams-ix.net/}}
{{Telecommunication companies of India}}
[[Category:1994 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Economy of Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Internet in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Internet exchange points in the Netherlands]]

Amsterdam Internet Exchange - Revision history

imported>Jabberwoch: Clean up/copyedit