103.245.194.187: /* Internal Split */

2025-06-16T19:55:54Z

Internal Split

New page

{{Short description|Political alliance in Kashmir}}
{{Redirect|Hurriyat|the settlement in Surxondaryo Region, Uzbekistan|Hurriyat, Uzbekistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{Use British English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = All Parties Hurriyat Conference
| logo = Hurriyat Conference Logo.jpg
| caption = This is the logo of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference
| colorcode = Darkgreen
| chairperson = [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]] (Mirwaiz faction) [[Masarat Alam Bhat]] (Geelani faction; interim)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/masarat-alam-succeeds-geelani-as-hurriyat-chairman-7495424/|title=Masarat Alam succeeds Geelani as Hurriyat chairman|author=Bashaarat Masood|work=The Indian Express|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230204070907/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/masarat-alam-succeeds-geelani-as-hurriyat-chairman-7495424/|archive-date=4 February 2023|date=8 September 2021|access-date=4 February 2023}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Muslim United Front]]<ref>{{citation |first=Sumantra |last=Bose |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-674-01173-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC |page=48}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |entry-url=http://oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1651?_hi=0&_pos=5705|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312072304/http://oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1651?_hi=0&_pos=5705|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 March 2017|entry=Muslim United Front|dictionary=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|quote=An alliance of Islamic parties organized to contest the 1987 state elections in Indian-controlled Kashmir. The alliance won only three seats, allegedly due to massive electoral fraud. The group's poor showing in 1987 inspired a new phase of armed resistance to Indian rule in Kashmir that continues today.}}</ref>
| founders = [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]] [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]] [[Sheikh Abdul Aziz]] [[Mohammad Abbas Ansari]] [[Abdul Gani Lone]] [[Yasin Malik]] Abdul Ghani Bhat Ghulam Mohammad Bhat
| foundation = 31 July 1993
| ideology = [[Kashmiri separatism]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/hurriyat.htm|title=All Parties Hurriyat Conference}}</ref> [[Self-determination]]<ref name="Caravan 2010">
{{Citation |last=Jeelani |first=Mehboob |date=2010-09-01 |title=How defiance made Syed Ali Geelani relevant in Kashmir |newspaper=The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/man-who-says-no-new-delhi |url-access=subscription }}
</ref> [[Islamism]]<ref name="Amir-e-Jhad">
PTI, [https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/jamaat-e-lslami-j-k-established-strong-links-with-isi-in-regular-touch-with-pak-119030900221_1.html Why India banned Jamaat-e-lslami and the 'Amir-e-Jihad' Geelani connection], Business Standard, 9 March 2019.
</ref><ref name="Praveen Swami">
Praveen Swami, [https://www.news18.com/news/politics/the-sunset-of-kashmirs-jihadist-patriarch-syed-ali-shah-geelani-2692929.html The Sunset of Kashmir's Jihadist Patriarch, Syed Ali Shah Geelani], News18, 29 June 2020 (updated 1 September 2021).
</ref><ref>
{{harvp|Jamal|2009|pp=141–143}}: "Among top leaders of the organization [Jamaat-i-Islami] in 1989, only Syed Ali Shah Geelani was willing to publicly support armed ''jihad''. ... A pro-militancy constituency secretly arranged for Syed Ali Shah Geelani to address the group [of leaders]. When negotiations stalled, Geelani appeared suddenly, made an impassioned speech and, according to accounts of the meeting, succeeded in pushing the group toward openly supporting the jihad [which ended with the creation of [[Hizbul Mujahideen]]]."
</ref>
| position = [[Big tent]]<ref name=Statesman>
Geelani floats new party, ''The Statesman'', 8 August 2004. {{ProQuest|284218680}}
</ref><ref name=oed_insurgency>{{citation|title=insurgency, n|publisher=Oxford English Dictionary|url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/97279?redirectedFrom=insurgency#eid|access-date=27 November 2019}} Quote: "The quality or state of being insurgent; the tendency to rise in revolt; = insurgence n. = The action of rising against authority; a rising, revolt." (subscription required)</ref>
| colors = [[Green]]
| headquarters = [[Srinagar]]
| website = {{URL|www.huriyatconference.com}}
| country = India
}}
'''All Parties Hurriyat Conference''' ('''APHC''') is an alliance of several political, social and religious organizations formed on 9 March 1993, as a united political front to raise the cause of Kashmiri independence in the [[Kashmir conflict]]. Mehmood Ahmed Saghar was the first convener of the APHC-PAK chapter when the alliance was established in 1993.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/hurriyat-its-history-role-and-relevance/|title=Hurriyat: Its History, Role and Relevance|date=31 August 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=13 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The alliance has historically been viewed positively by [[Pakistan]] as it contests the claim of the Indian government over the State of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="kashmirherald1">{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirherald.com/profiles/hurriyat.html |title=All Party Hurriyat Conference (APHC) |publisher=Kashmirherald.com |access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/Hurriyat.htm |title=All Parties Hurriyat Conference |publisher=Satp.org |access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mea.gov.in/opinion/2002/05/23o05.htm|access-date=9 December 2007 |title=Sorry for the inconvenience }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The organisation is split into two main factions, the Mirwaiz and Geelani factions. [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]] is the founder and chairman of Mirwaiz faction and [[Masarat Alam Bhat]] is the interim chairman of Geelani faction, who succeeded [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]], the founder of the faction after his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/separatist-leader-mirwaiz-umar-farooq-placed-under-house-arrest/article26160439.ece |title=Separatist leader Mirwaiz Umar Farooq placed under house arrest |work=Press Trust of India|publisher=The Hindu |access-date=14 February 2023 |date=2 February 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Desk">{{Cite web|author=News Desk|date=2021-09-07|title=Masarat Alam is new chairman of Hurriyat Conference {{!}} Free Press Kashmir|url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2021/09/07/masarat-alam-is-new-chairman-of-hurriyat-conference/|access-date=2021-09-07|website=freepresskashmir.news|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==History==
The All Parties Hurriyat Conference was founded on 31 July 1993.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=2015-08-31 |title=Hurriyat: Its History, Role and Relevance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/hurriyat-its-history-role-and-relevance/ |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> On 27 December 1992, the 19-year-old Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, who had taken over as chairman of J&K Awami Action Committee (J&KAAC) and become the head priest of Kashmir after the assassination of his father Mirwaiz Farooq, called a meeting of religious, social and political organisations at Mirwaiz Manzil leading to the creation of the formation the following year.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/>

The APHC executive council had seven members from seven executive parties: [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]] of Jamat-e-Islami, [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]] of Awami Action Committee, [[Sheikh Abdul Aziz]] of People’s League, Moulvi [[Mohammad Abbas Ansari]] of Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen, Prof Abdul Gani Bhat of Muslim Conference, [[Yasin Malik]] of JKLF, and [[Abdul Ghani Lone|Abdul Gani Lone]] of People’s Conference.

Now, the leadership of the some executive parties have changed with time like [[Mukhtar Ahmed Waza]] of people's league, [[Masroor Abbas Ansari]] of Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen and [[Bilal Ghani lone]] of people's conference, renamed as JK peoples independent movement[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/jammu-kashmir/bilal-lone-renames-his-faction-of-pc-721567/]

==Ideology and role==
According to the Hurriyat, Jammu and Kashmir is a disputed territory and India's control of it is not justified. It supports the Pakistani claim that [[Kashmir]] is the "unfinished agenda of Partition" and needs to be solved "as per the aspirations of the people of Jammu and Kashmir."<ref name="satp.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/Hurriyat.htm|title=All Parties Hurriyat Conference|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>

The APHC perceives itself to be the sole representative of the Kashmiri people.<ref name="satp.org"/>

The organisation's primary role has been to project an image of counter-insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir and to mobilise public opinion against Indian security forces. The alliance has consistently followed up local allegations of security force excesses, and in several documented cases, false allegations about human violation by Indian security forces. For instance, the Haigam firing incident of 16 February 2001, was an assault on a peaceful gathering whereas, but later claimed in news reports and official clarifications, the army contingent fired upon the mob only when they were blocked and prevented from moving.<ref name="satp.org"/>

The APHC has also an observer's status in the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC). OIC has invited [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]] for its June 2005 Foreign Ministers Conference in Yemen.<ref name="satp.org"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mirwaiz-gets-oic-invite-hurriyat/article1-1004477.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115705/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mirwaiz-gets-oic-invite-hurriyat/article1-1004477.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|title=Mirwaiz gets OIC invite: Hurriyat|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>

==Internal Split==
There are currently two main factions of the Hurriyat Conference led by [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]] and [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]. The Mirwaiz-led group, also referred to as the "moderate faction" along with non-Hurriyat leaders like [[Yasin Malik]] undertook, between 2–16 June 2005, the first formal visit of Kashmiri separatists to Pakistani Kashmir and subsequently, though unsanctioned by Indian authorities, to Pakistan.<ref name="satp.org"/>

Internal fissures within the Hurriyat Conference culminated in a formal split on 7 September 2003,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyo.in/politics/all-party-hurriyat-conference-jammu-and-kashmir-geelani/story/1/5594.html|title=Seven reasons why Hurriyat's sun is setting in Kashmir}}</ref> with at least 12 of its 26 constituents "removing" the then Chairman Maulana [[Mohammad Abbas Ansari]] "replacing" him with [[Masarat Alam]] as its interim chief. The dissenters reportedly met at the residence of hardliner and pro-Pakistan [[Jamaat-e-Islami]] (JeI) leader Syed Ali Shah Geelani and decided to depose Ansari and "suspend" the seven-member executive committee, the highest decision-making forum of the APHC. A five-member committee was formed to review the Hurriyat Constitution and suggest amendments to reverse what the dissenters perceived as "autocratic" decisions taken by the executive committee.<ref name="satp.org"/>

Following this, Geelani formed his own faction of the Hurriyat called All Party Hurriyat Conference (G) and took over its leadership in 2003. He was later appointed as its lifetime chairman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/06/29/separatist-leader-syed-ali-shah-geelani-quits-hurriyat-conference.html|title=Separatist leader Syed Ali Shah Geelani quits Hurriyat Conference|author=Tariq Bhat|work=The Week|date=29 June 2020|access-date=4 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/geelani-parts-ways-with-hurriyat-conference-after-27-years-106068|title=Geelani 'parts ways' with Hurriyat Conference after 27 years|author=Samaan Lateef|work=The Tribune|date=29 June 2020|access-date=4 February 2023}}</ref> It consists of 24 parties. In 2004 he founded his own party named [[Tehreek-e-Hurriyat]] due to differences with the Jamaat-e-Islami.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/mar/19/syed-ali-shah-geelani-quits-as-tehreek-e-hurriyat-party-chairman-but-will-continue-to-head-hurriyat-1789362.html|title=Syed Ali Shah Geelani quits as Tehreek-e-Hurriyat party chairman but will continue to head Hurriyat|author=Fayaz Wani|work=The New Indian Express|date=19 March 2018|access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> He was appointed as the party chairman in October 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jammu-kashmir.com/archives/archives2004/kashmir20041012c.html|title=
Geelani Elected Chairman Of Tehreek-e-Hurriyat|work=The Hindustan Times|publisher=Jammu-Kashmir.com|date=12 October 2004|access-date=4 February 2023}}</ref>

The Hurriyat Conference again split in 2014. The moderate Hurriyat Conference led by Mirwaiz Umar Farooq faced the split after four senior leaders raised a banner of revolt against the chairman and other members of the conglomerate.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-another-split-stares-at-moderate-hurriyat-1947196|title=Another split stares at moderate Hurriyat|work=dna|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>
Democratic Freedom Party president Shabir Ahmad Shah, National Front chairman Nayeem Ahmad Khan, Mahaz-e-Azadi chief Mohammad Azam Inqlabi and Islamic Political Party Mohommad Yousuf Naqash were up in arms against Mirwaiz after he dashed off a letter to the convener in [[Pakistan administered Kashmir]], Mohommad Yousuf Naseem, asking him not to entertain the leaders who have left the conglomerate on their own.
The leader Shabir Shah and his lieutenant Nayeem Khan along with Shia leader Agha Hassan joined Hurriyat Conference (G) led by Syed Ali Geelani.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==Views on right to self-determination==
All JKLF factions support the right to self-determination as per [[UN Security Council Resolution 47]]. Hurriyat, led by [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]], Shabir Shah, Nayeem Khan & Azam Inquilabi, demand the right to self-determination as per [[UN Security Council Resolution 47]].
Members of the Executive Council of the original APHC were:
* Peoples Conference: [[Abdul Ghani Lone]]
* Jamat-e-Islami: [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]
* Awami Action Committee: [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]]
* People's League: [[Mukhtar Ahmed Waza]]
* Itehad-ul-Muslimeen: [[Mohammad Abbas Ansari]]
* Muslim Conference: [[Abdul Ghani Bhat]]
* JKLF: [[Yasin Malik]]
* Jammu and Kashmir Freedom Front (JKFF): [[ ]]

==Criticism and controversies==

===Relations with Pakistan and Afghanistan===
[[Sheikh Mustafa Kamal]], a senior leader of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] and son of [[Sheikh Abdullah]] criticised Hurriyat leader Syed Ali Shah Geelani for working on "dictations" given by Pakistan. He accused Geelani of being "a double agent" on "the payroll of Pakistan's [[Inter-Service Intelligence|ISI]]".<ref name="outlookindia.com1">{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Geelani-on-ISI-Payroll-NC-Leader/768901|title=Geelani on ISI Payroll: NC Leader|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="daily.bhaskar.com">{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/NAT-TOP-geelani-on-payroll-of-isi-says-nc-leader-3529449.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150316105520/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/NAT-TOP-geelani-on-payroll-of-isi-says-nc-leader-3529449.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 March 2015|title=geelani on payroll of isi, says nc leader - daily.bhaskar.com|work=daily.bhaskar.com|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="in.com">{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/geelani-on-payroll-of-isi-says-nc-leader/271529-37-64.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150316105439/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/geelani-on-payroll-of-isi-says-nc-leader/271529-37-64.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 March 2015|title=Geelani on payroll of ISI, says NC leader|work=IBNLive|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>

Kamal said "Geelani has tried to 'ignite and incite' people by 'hollow slogans and destructive emotionalism', whenever even a Pakistani clerk comes to India and summons this ex-lawmaker(Geelani), he rushes to Delhi to take dictation about how to ensure that uncertainty prevails in the state."<ref name="outlookindia.com1"/><ref name="daily.bhaskar.com"/><ref name="in.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/insights/insight20020601a.html|title=Hurriyat Leader Syed Ali Shah Geelani's Arrest – ISI Funding for Kashmiri Militants|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in">{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/hawala-nia-links-hurriyat-to-isi/1/147054.html|title=NIA nails Hurriyat's links with the ISI|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>

Pakistan also openly supported Geelani and Hurriyat, and representatives have had several meetings with Hurriyat leaders. A three-member delegation from the [[High Commissioner (Commonwealth)|Pakistan High Commission]] led by Abdul Basit met Geelani at his Malviya Nagar residence in March 2015. Pakistan [[High Commissioner (Commonwealth)|High Commissioner]] Abdul Basit assured Geelani of complete support conveying that the country's stand on Kashmir remains unchanged despite the regime change in New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1168445|title=Pakistani high commissioner meets Hurriyat leader Geelani|date=9 March 2015 |access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="dnaindia.com1">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-pakistan-assures-syed-ali-geelani-of-complete-support-2067448|title=Pakistan assures Syed Ali Geelani of complete support|work=dna|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="asianage.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.asianage.com/india/pakistan-mischief-again-envoy-meets-syed-ali-geelani-429 |title=Pakistan mischief again: Envoy meets Syed Ali Geelani |work=The Asian Age |access-date=1 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113543/http://www.asianage.com/india/pakistan-mischief-again-envoy-meets-syed-ali-geelani-429 |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> Basit also invited Geelani for a [[Pakistan Day]] function on 23 March. The Pakistan High Commission in New Delhi, ritually invites pro-separatist leadership of Jammu and Kashmir for the function every year.<ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in"/><ref name="dnaindia.com1"/><ref name="asianage.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistan-envoy-abdul-basit-meets-separatist-leader-geelani-invites-him-for-pakistan-day/532899-3-245.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311180229/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistan-envoy-abdul-basit-meets-separatist-leader-geelani-invites-him-for-pakistan-day/532899-3-245.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 March 2015|title=Pakistan envoy Abdul Basit meets separatist leader Geelani, invites him for Pakistan Day|work=IBNLive|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>

Indian media vehicles reported that Geelani and Hurriyat are paying local unemployed young men to stage protests.<ref name="india.com">{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/jammu-and-kashmir/hurriyat-paid-rs-400-for-jandk-stone-pelting-let-terrorist-participated_677068.html|title=Hurriyat paid Rs 400 for J&K stone-pelting, LeT terrorist participated|work=Zee News|date=27 December 2010 |access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> According to them, arrested participants confessed being paid Rs 400($6–7) every Friday.
Police said the money is being raised locally by Hurriyat hardliner Syed Ali Shah Geelani's followers. Most of the money comes from fruit markets and saw mills, Pakistan-based LeT terrorists also participate in stone peltings,<ref name="india.com"/> the police said.<ref name="india.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/A-stone-pelter-in-Kashmir-gets-paid-Rs-400-a-week/articleshow/7173104.cms|title=stone pelters paid Rs 400/week by Hurriyat|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlykashmir.blogspot.in/2010/12/every-stone-pelter-gets-rs-400-week.html|title=Only Kashmir|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>

===Elections boycott===
Geelani and Hurriyat appealed to the people of Kashmir to boycott the 2014 [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly elections]] completely, arguing that: "India has been holding elections in the Valley using the power of gun and so such an exercise is not legitimate."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/syed-ali-shah-geelanis-jk-election-boycott-call-resonates-in-his-hometown-sopore/516279-37-64.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204083945/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/syed-ali-shah-geelanis-jk-election-boycott-call-resonates-in-his-hometown-sopore/516279-37-64.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 December 2014|title=Syed Ali Shah Geelani's J&K election boycott call resonates in his hometown Sopore|work=IBNLive|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> But despite repeated boycott appeals, the 2014 assembly election recorded record voter turnout of more than 65% which was the highest in 25 years of history and higher than normal voting percentages in other states of India.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web|url = http://www.ndtv.com/assembly/jammu-and-kashmir-registers-highest-voter-turnout-in-25-years-jharkhand-breaks-records-715845|title = Jammu and Kashmir Registers Highest Voter Turnout in 25 Years, Jharkhand Breaks Records|date = 20 December 2014|work = NDTV.com|access-date = 1 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141223/nation-current-affairs/article/jammu-and-kashmir-registers-highest-voter-turnout-25-years|title=Jammu and Kashmir registers highest voter turnout in 25 years, Jharkhand breaks records|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=23 December 2014 |access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jk-polls-76-per-cent-voter-turnout-recorded-in-the-final-phase/519066-3-245.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150315203847/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jk-polls-76-per-cent-voter-turnout-recorded-in-the-final-phase/519066-3-245.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 March 2015|title=J&K polls: 76 per cent voter turnout recorded in the final phase|work=IBNLive|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>

While voter turnout in Jammu and Kashmir as a whole was high, it remained low in Kashmir, and in many thickly populated areas of Srinagar and Anantnag, it stayed considerably below the norm, reaching close to 20% in some of them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2014/jammu-&-kashmir/242/32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520150529/https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2014/jammu-&-kashmir/242/32|archive-date=20 May 2023|title=2014 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Jammu & Kashmir}}</ref> This trend continued and became much worse during the 2019 Lok Sabha election in JK, where Srinagar and Anantnag recorded voter turnout of 15.6% and 9.7% each respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha/2019/jammu-&-kashmir/17/32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520152408/https://www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha/2019/jammu-&-kashmir/17/32|archive-date=20 May 2023|title=2019 Lok Sabha election results for Jammu & Kashmir }}</ref>

[[Member of the European Parliament]] [[Kosma Zlotowski]] welcomed the smooth conduct of the State Legislative Elections in the Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="prnewswire.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-european-parliament-welcomes-the-elections-in-jammu--kashmir-285354511.html|title=The European Parliament Welcomes the Elections in Jammu & Kashmir|author=The Office of MEP Kosma Zlotowski|date=10 December 2014|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> Zlotowski's office in its message said that: "The high voter turnout figure proves that democracy is firmly rooted in India. The EU would like to congratulate India and its democratic system for conduct of fair elections, unmarred by violence, in the state of Jammu and Kashmir [...] The European Parliament also takes cognizance of the fact that a large number of Kashmiri voters turned out despite calls for the boycott of elections by certain separatist forces."<ref name="prnewswire.com"/><ref name="business-standard.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/european-parliament-welcomes-elections-in-jammu-and-kashmir-114121101111_1.html|title=European Parliament welcomes elections in Jammu and Kashmir|author=ANI|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=11 December 2014|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/eu-hails-huge-turnout-jk/|title=EU hails huge turnout in J&K|work=Jammu Kashmir Latest News – Tourism – Breaking News J&K|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>

==Current members==
Current{{when|date=June 2020}} members of All Parties Hurriyat Conference include:{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

{| class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number || Party || Leader
|-
| 1 || Aawami Action Committee || [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]]
|-
| 2 || People's League ||
[[Mukhtar Ahmed Waza]]
|-
| 3 || Anjamani Auqafi Jama Masjid || Mohammad Umar Farooq
|-
| 4 || Anjaman-e-Tablig-ul Islam|| Syed Qasim Shah Bukhari
|-
| 5 || Ummat Islami|| Qazi Ghulam Mohammad
|-
| 6 || [[Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen]] || [[Maulana]] [[Masroor Abbas Ansari]]
|-
| 7 || Anjuman e shari shiyan|| Aga Syed Hassan al-moosvi Al-safvi
|-
| 8 || Jammu Kashmir National Front || Nayeem Ahmed Khan
|-
| 9 || All Jammu & Kashmir Employees' Confederation || Ishtiaq Qadri
|-
| 10 || Jamiate Ulama-E-Islam || Abdul Gani Azhari
|-
| 11 || Jamiat-e-Hamdania || Mirwaiz Moulana Muhammad Yaseen Hamdani
|-
| 12 || Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference || [[Abdul Ghani Lone]] till 2002 assassination
|-
| 13 || [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front]] || Muhammad Yasin Malik
|-
| 14 || [[Jammu and Kashmir Democratic Freedom Party]] || [[Shabir Shah]] & Mehmood Ahmed Saghar
|-
| 15 || Jammu and Kashmir People's Basic Rights (Protection) Committee || Mufti Bahauddin Farouqi
|-
| 16 || Liberation Council || Azhar Bhat
|-
| 17 || Kashmir Bazme Tawheed || Tajamul Bhat
|-
| 18 || Kashmir Bar Association || Zaroon bhat
|-
| 19 || Muslim Khawateen Markaz || Zaid Bhat/ Anjum Zamarud Habib<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guichaoua|first=Yvan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QxtLkZLTrQQC|title=Understanding Collective Political Violence|date=2011-11-08|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-28546-0|pages=128|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 20 || [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|Muslim Conference]] || Khokhar e aazam
|-
| 21|| Tehreek-e-Hurriyat Kashmiri|| Saqib Bhat
|-
| 22 || Jammu and Kashmir People's Independent Movement<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2019-01-30 |title=Separatist Bilal Lone renames his faction of People's Conference as 'People's Independent Movement' |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/separatist-bilal-lone-renames-his-faction-of-people-s-conference-as-people-s-independent-movement-119013001131_1.html |access-date=2022-07-23}}</ref>|| Bilal Ghani Lone
|-
| 23 || Peoples Political Party || Eng Hilal Ahmad War
|-
| 24 || Imam Ahmad Raza Islamic Mission || Rafeeq Ahmad Mir
|-
| 25 || [[Tehreek-e-Soutul Auwliya|Saut-Ul-Aliya]]|| Moulana Abdul Rashid Dawoodi
|-
| 26 || Jammu and Kashmir People's Freedom League || Muhammad Farooq Rehmani
|-
| 27 || Peoples Political Party Hilal Ahmed War for Azad Jammu and Kashmir n Pakistan chapter || Mian Muzaffar Shah
|-
| 28 || [[Dukhtaran-e-Millat]] || [[Asiya Andrabi]]
|-
| 29 || J & K Muslim League || [[Masarat Alam]]
|-
| 30 || [[Difa-e-Pakistan Council]] || [[Sami ul Haq]]
|-
| 31 || Jammu and Kashmir Human Rights Committee || Noor-Ul-Hassan
|-
|32
|Employees and Workers Confederation || Mohiuddin
|-
|33
|Majlis-e-Tehfuz-ul-Islam ||
|-
|34
|Muslim Zone Employees Front ||
|-
|35
|Unjman-e-Itehad-e-Muslimeen Tral ||
|-
|36
|Muslim Employees Front ||
|
|-
|37
|Shia Rabitta Committee ||
|
|-
|38
|[[Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party]] || Sardar Hassan Ibrahim Khan<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|publisher=Harper Collins Publishers|year=2013|isbn=978-9350298978|location=India}}</ref>
|
|-
|39
|[[Milli Muslim League]] || Saifullah Khalid Kasuri<ref name="dawn">{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1350202|title=Jamaatud Dawa enters political arena, launches Milli Muslim League party|last=AP|date=8 August 2017|publisher=}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|40
|[[Tehreek-e-Azaadi Jammu and Kashmir]] || Ghazi Shahzad<ref>{{Cite web |author=Web Desk |date=2024-07-01 |title=AJK prison break mastermind was wanted by India: sources |url=https://english.aaj.tv/news/330367807/ajk-prison-break-mastermind-was-wanted-by-india-sources |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=[[Aaj TV]] |language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|41
|[[Majlis-e Ahrar-e Islam]] || Syed Muhammad Kafeel Bukhari<ref name="jasarat">{{cite news|url=https://www.jasarat.com/2021/02/26/210226-11-18/|publisher=Daily Jasarat (newspaper)|language=ur|title=سید محمد کفیل بخاری مجلس احرار اسلام کے قائم مقام مرکزی امیر منتخب|date=26 February 2021|access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref>
|
|}
Hurriyat Conference has three factions: Hurriyat led by [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]], Hurriyat led by [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]], and Hurriyat led by [[Shabir Shah]], Azam Inquilabi & Nayeem Khan. [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front]] is not part of these factions.

==See also==
* [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]
* [[Mirwaiz Umar Farooq]]
* [[Abdul Gani Lone]]
* [[Mukhtar Ahmed Waza]]
* [[Mohammad Abbas Ansari]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last1=Jamal |first1=Arif |title=Shadow War : The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir |date=1 September 2009 |publisher=Vij Books |isbn=978-93-80177-10-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=re1PQQAACAAJ}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040826020733/http://hurriyat-conference-news.newslib.com/ Hurriyat Conference news]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130603091037/http://jkaphc.com/ Official website]

{{Jammu and Kashmir freedom movement}}
{{India separatist movements}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kashmir]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Kashmir separatist movement]]
[[Category:Political party alliances in India]]
[[Category:Political party alliances in Pakistan]]

All Parties Hurriyat Conference - Revision history

imported>Linkin Prankster at 18:13, 26 December 2025

103.245.194.187: /* Internal Split */