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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Chandra X-ray space observatory - ACISlabel-150.jpg|thumb|275px|Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer]]<br />
The '''Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer''' ('''ACIS'''), formerly the '''AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer''', is an instrument built by a team from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]'s Center for Space Research and the [[Pennsylvania State University]] for the ''[[Chandra X-ray Observatory]]''.<br />
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ACIS is a focal plane instrument that uses an array of [[charge-coupled device]]s. It serves as an X-ray [[integral field spectrograph]] for ''Chandra''. The instrument is capable of measuring both the position and energy of incoming [[X-ray]]s.<ref name="instruments">{{cite web |url=http://chandra.si.edu/about/science_instruments.html |title=Science Instruments |series=Chandra X-ray Observatory |publisher=NASA{{\}}Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory |date=19 September 2013 |accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref><br />
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The CCD sensors of ACIS operate at {{convert|-120|C|F}} and its filters at {{convert|-60|and|-50|C|F}}. It carries a special heater that allows contamination from ''Chandra'' to be baked off; the spacecraft contains lubricants, and the ACIS design took this into account in order to clean its sensors. Contamination buildup can reduce the instrument's sensitivity.<ref name="nasa20031113">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2003/03-198.html |title=Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) update |publisher=NASA |first1=Steve |last1=Roy |first2=Megan |last2=Watzke |date=13 November 2003 |accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref> Radiation in space is another potential danger to the sensor.<ref name="Grant2014">{{cite book |title=Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray |first1=Catherine E. |last1=Grant |first2=Mark W. |last2=Bautz |first3=Peter G. |last3=Ford |first4=P. P. |last4=Plucinsky |chapter=Fifteen years of the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer |editor-first1=Tadayuki |editor-first2=Jan-Willem A. |editor-first3=Mark |editor-last1=Takahashi |editor-last2=Den Herder |editor-last3=Bautz |at=91443Q |date=24 July 2014 |series=Proceedings of the SPIE |volume=9144 |publisher=SPIE |doi=10.1117/12.2055652 |bibcode=2014SPIE.9144E..3QG |arxiv=1407.6677|s2cid=119124482 }}</ref><br />
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{{As of|2014}}, after 15 years of operation, there was no indication of a limit to the lifetime of ACIS. Another design feature of the instrument was a calibration source that can be used to understand its health. This allows for a measurement of the level of contamination, if present, as well as any degree of charge transfer inefficiency.<ref name="Grant2014" /><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* [http://acis.mit.edu/acis/ ACIS website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010223549/http://acis.mit.edu/acis/ |date=10 October 2006 }} by the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170202125842/http://www2.astro.psu.edu/xray/axaf/ ACIS website] by [[Pennsylvania State University]]<br />
* [http://cxc.harvard.edu/proposer/POG/pdf/MPOG.pdf The ''Chandra'' Proposers' Observatory Guide] by the [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]]<br />
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{{Use American English|date=January 2014}}<br />
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[[Category:Chandra X-ray Observatory]]<br />
[[Category:Space telescope sensors]]<br />
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