imported>Beland: convert special characters found by Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss (via WP:JWB)

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convert special characters found by Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss (via WP:JWB)

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 3953 Perth
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discoverer = [[Edward Bowell|E. Bowell]]
| discovery_site = [[Anderson Mesa Station|Anderson Mesa Stn.]]
| discovered = 6 November 1986
| mpc_name = (3953) Perth
| alt_names = {{mp|1986 VB|6}}{{·}}{{mp|1969 TO|6}} {{mp|1979 QG|8}}{{·}}{{mp|1979 RP|1}}
| pronounced =
| named_after = [[Perth Observatory]]<ref name="springer" /> {{small|(in West Australia)}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}} [[Flora family|Flora]]<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 46.84 yr (17,109 days)
| aphelion = 2.6876 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 1.8342 AU
| semimajor = 2.2609 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1887
| period = 3.40 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,242 days)
| mean_anomaly = 46.332[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2899|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 4.9507°
| asc_node = 129.08°
| arg_peri = 237.98°
| dimensions = 4.18 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> {{val|4.80|0.16}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
| rotation = {{val|5.083|0.005}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b" /> {{val|5.087|0.0010}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /> {{val|5.2|0.1}} h<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" />
| albedo = 0.24 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> {{val|0.335|0.066}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="lcdb" />
| abs_magnitude = 13.40<ref name="Masiero-2012" />{{·}}13.5<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{val|13.712|0.009}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}{{val|13.81|0.23}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}{{val|14.06|0.04}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
}}

'''3953 Perth''', provisional designation {{mp|1986 VB|6}}, is a stony [[Flora family|Florian]] [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|4.5|km|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 6 November 1986, by American astronomer [[Edward Bowell]] at the [[Anderson Mesa Station]] near Flagstaff, Arizona.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named for the Australian [[Perth Observatory]].<ref name="springer" />

== Orbit and classification ==

''Perth'' is a member of the [[Flora family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#402|402]]}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> a giant [[asteroid family]] and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}} It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 5 months (1,242 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.19 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />

The asteroid was first identified as {{mp|1969 TO|6}} at [[Crimea–Nauchnij]] in October 1969. The body's [[observation arc]] begins at Nauchnij with its identification as {{mp|1979 RP|1}} in October 1979, more than seven years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Perth'' is an assumed [[S-type asteroid]],<ref name="lcdb" /> which corresponds with the overall [[Asteroid spectral type|spectral type]] of the Flora family.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}

=== Rotation period ===

In February 2008, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Perth'' was obtained by a collaboration of astronomers in a photometric survey of the Flora region. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of 5.083 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b" /> Other photometric observations at the [[Palomar Transient Factory]] in October 2010, and by [[Wiesław Wiśniewski]] in December 1993, gave a period of 5.087 and 5.2 hours with an amplitude of 0.92 and 1.09, respectively ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2/2+]]}}).<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /><ref name="Waszczak-2015" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Perth'' measures 4.80 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.335,<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> while the ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.24 – taken from [[8 Flora]] the Flora family's largest member and namesake – and derives a diameter of 4.18 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 14.06.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named after the Australian [[Perth Observatory]] for its many contributions to astronomy including the ''Perth 70 meridian catalogue'', the co-discovery of the [[rings of Uranus]], and observational work on [[Comet Halley]] both in 1910 and 1986. The observatory was founded near the city of [[Perth]] in 1896, and moved to [[Bickley, Western Australia|Bickley]] in 1965. The observatory is known for its [[astrometry]] and [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometry]] on [[small Solar System bodies]].<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 17 August 1989 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 14972}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2016-08-18 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3953 Perth (1986 VB6)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2003953
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 337
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3941 |chapter = (3953) Perth }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 3953 Perth (1986 VB6)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3953
|access-date = 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 3953 Perth – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=3953+Perth#Asteroid%203953%20PerthEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0
|access-date = 27 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book
|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný
|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz
|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba
|date = December 2014
|chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families
|title = Asteroids IV
|pages = 297–321
|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N
|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016
|arxiv = 1502.01628
|isbn = 9780816532131}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (3953) Perth
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=3953%7CPerth
|access-date = 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794
|access-date= 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Wisniewski-1997">{{Cite journal
|first1 = W. Z. |last1 = Wisniewski
|first2 = T. M. |last2 = Michalowski
|first3 = A. W. |last3 = Harris
|first4 = R. S. |last4 = McMillan
|date = March 1995
|title = Photoelectric Observations of 125 Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1995LPI....26.1511W
|journal = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
|volume = 26
|pages = 1511
|bibcode = 1995LPI....26.1511W
|access-date= 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b">{{Cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Kryszczynska
|first2 = F. |last2 = Colas
|first3 = M. |last3 = Polinska
|first4 = R. |last4 = Hirsch
|first5 = V. |last5 = Ivanova
|first6 = G. |last6 = Apostolovska
|first7 = B. |last7 = Bilkina
|first8 = F. P. |last8 = Velichko
|first9 = T. |last9 = Kwiatkowski
|first10 = P. |last10 = Kankiewicz
|first11 = F. |last11 = Vachier
|first12 = V. |last12 = Umlenski
|first13 = T. |last13 = Michalowski
|first14 = A. |last14 = Marciniak
|first15 = A. |last15 = Maury
|first16 = K. |last16 = Kaminski
|first17 = M. |last17 = Fagas
|first18 = W. |last18 = Dimitrov
|first19 = W. |last19 = Borczyk
|first20 = K. |last20 = Sobkowiak
|first21 = J. |last21 = Lecacheux
|first22 = R. |last22 = Behrend
|first23 = A. |last23 = Klotz
|first24 = L. |last24 = Bernasconi
|first25 = R. |last25 = Crippa
|first26 = F. |last26 = Manzini
|first27 = R. |last27 = Poncy
|first28 = P. |last28 = Antonini
|first29 = D. |last29 = Oszkiewicz
|first30 = T. |last30 = Santana-Ros
|date = October 2012
|title = Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region
|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume = 546
|page = 51
|bibcode = 2012A&A...546A..72K
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201219199
|doi-access= free
}}</ref>

<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041
|access-date= 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Pravec-2012b">{{Cite journal
|first1 = Petr |last1 = Pravec
|first2 = Alan W. |last2 = Harris
|first3 = Peter |last3 = Kusnirák
|first4 = Adrián |last4 = Galád
|first5 = Kamil |last5 = Hornoch
|date = September 2012
|title = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012Icar..221..365P
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 221
|issue = 1
|pages = 365–387
|bibcode = 2012Icar..221..365P
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026
|access-date= 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 14 September 2017}}</ref>

}} 

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|3953}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |3952 Russellmark |number=3953 |3954 Mendelssohn}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Perth}}
[[Category:Flora asteroids|003953]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Edward L. G. Bowell]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1986|19861106]]

3953 Perth - Revision history

imported>Beland: convert special characters found by Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss (via WP:JWB)