View source for Zoe Lofgren

{{Short description|American politician and lawyer (born 1947)}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Zoe Lofgren 
| image               = Zoe Lofgren Official Portrait 2024.jpeg
| caption             = Official portrait, 2024
| office1             = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on Science, Space and Technology|House Science Committee]]
| term_start1         = January 3, 2023
| term_end1           = 
| predecessor1        = [[Frank Lucas (Oklahoma politician)|Frank Lucas]]
| successor1          = 
| office2             = Chair of the [[United States House Committee on House Administration|House Administration Committee]]
| term_start2         = January 3, 2019
| term_end2           = January 3, 2023
| predecessor2        = [[Gregg Harper]]
| successor2          = [[Bryan Steil]]
| office3             = Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Ethics|House Ethics Committee]]
| term_start3         = January 3, 2009
| term_end3           = January 3, 2011
| predecessor3        = [[Gene Green]] (acting)
| successor3          = [[Jo Bonner]]
| state4              = [[California]]
| term_start4         = January 3, 1995
| term_end4           = 
| predecessor4        = [[Don Edwards]]
| successor4          = 
| constituency4       = {{ushr|CA|16|C}} (1995–2013)<br>{{ushr|CA|19|C}} (2013–2023)<br>{{ushr|CA|18|C}} (2023–present)
| birth_name          = Susan Ellen Lofgren
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1947|12|21}}
| birth_place         = [[San Mateo, California]], U.S.
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|John Collins|1978}}
| children            = 2
| education           = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Santa Clara University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| signature           = Signature of Zoe Lofgren.png
| signature_alt       = Signature of Zoe Lofgren
| website             = {{url|lofgren.house.gov|House website}}<br>{{url|zoelofgren.com|Campaign website}}
| module              = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. Zoe Lofgren on the DISCLOSE Act of 2010 and Campaign Finance Reform.ogg |title=Lofgren's voice |type=speech |description=Lofgren supporting the [[DISCLOSE Act|DISCLOSE Act of 2010]], a campaign finance reform bill<br>Recorded June 24, 2010}}
}}
'''Susan Ellen''' "'''Zoe'''" '''Lofgren''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|oʊ|_|ˈ|l|ɒ|f|ɡ|r|ɪ|n}} {{Respell|ZOH|_|LOF|grin}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patronsaintpr.com/samples/DESK/cdobd.htm|title=Guide to Frequently Mispronounced Congressional Names|access-date=February 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065135/http://www.patronsaintpr.com/samples/DESK/cdobd.htm|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVtFJ5tvINsC&pg=PA289 |title=Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics|author=Lynne E. Ford|date=May 12, 2010|publisher=Infobase |isbn=9781438110325|access-date=August 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623232011/https://books.google.com/books?id=cVtFJ5tvINsC&pg=PA289|archive-date=June 23, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> born December 21, 1947) is an American politician and lawyer serving as a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] from [[California]]. A member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], Lofgren is in her 15th term in Congress, having been first elected in 1994. Lofgren has long served on the [[House Judiciary Committee]], and chaired the [[House Administration Committee]] in the 116th and 117th Congresses.

Lofgren was the [[California's 16th congressional district|16th district]]'s first female U.S. representative, before part of the district was redistricted into the [[California's 19th congressional district|19th congressional district]]. She currently represents the [[California's 18th congressional district|18th district]], which covers much of [[Santa Clara County, California|Santa Clara County]], including [[Gilroy, California|Gilroy]], [[Morgan Hill, California|Morgan Hill]], and most of [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]. Representing a district covering much of [[Silicon Valley]], Lofgren has been noted for her activity in [[Technology industry|tech]]-related policy areas such as [[Net neutrality in the United States|net neutrality]] and [[digital surveillance]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Rep. Zoe Lofgren to talk privacy and policy at Disrupt 2020|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/08/10/rep-zoe-lofgren-to-talk-privacy-and-policy-at-disrupt-2020/|access-date=2022-01-29|website=TechCrunch|date=August 10, 2020 |language=en-US|first1=Zack|last1=Whittaker}}</ref>

==Early life, education and career==
Lofgren was born in [[San Mateo, California]], the daughter of Mary Violet, a school cafeteria employee, and Milton R. Lofgren, a beer truck driver.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-01-15|title=San Jose Congresswoman Zoe Lofegren appointed House impeachment manager|url=https://abc7news.com/5852436/|access-date=2020-12-27|website=KGO ABC7 San Francisco|language=en|quote=Ms. Lofgren is a Bay Area native. She was born in San Mateo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/15/us/politics/who-is-zoe-lofgren.html |title=Zoe Lofgren: Impeachment Manager Is a Veteran of Two Impeachment Inquiries |last=Shear |first=Michael D. |date=2020-01-15 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2020-01-15 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115163734/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/15/us/politics/who-is-zoe-lofgren.html |archive-date=January 15, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ruwTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Milton+R.+and+Mary+Violet+L.;%22|title = Who's Who West, 1998-1999|date = August 1997| publisher=A.N. Marquis Company |isbn = 9780837909288}}</ref> Her grandfather was Swedish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lofgren.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-zoe-lofgren-president-obama-s-call-immigration-reform|title = Rep. Zoe Lofgren on President Obama's Call for Immigration Reform|date = January 29, 2013}}</ref> Lofgren attended [[Gunn High School]] (1966) in [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]],<ref name="google2">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-_zoKQ-mvQC&q=john+collins+married+lofgren+zoe&pg=PA26 |title=Official Congressional Directory, 2005–2006, 109th Congress, Convened ... |year=2005 |publisher=Congress, Joint Committee on Printing |isbn=9780160724671 |access-date=August 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624094015/https://books.google.com/books?id=L-_zoKQ-mvQC&pg=PA26&dq=john+collins+married+lofgren+zoe&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YfreU7XlBceYyATpgYKgDw&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=john%20collins%20married%20lofgren%20zoe&f=false |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> and while in high school, Lofgren was a member of the [[Junior State of America]], a student-run political debate, activism, and student governance organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsa.org/wp-content/uploads/JSA-notables.doc|title=Notable Alumni of the Junior State of America|access-date=December 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203612/http://www.jsa.org/wp-content/uploads/JSA-notables.doc|archive-date=March 3, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> She earned her B.A. degree in political science from [[Stanford University]] in 1970 and her [[Juris Doctor]] degree from [[Santa Clara University School of Law]] in 1975.<ref name="google1"/>

After graduating from Stanford, Lofgren worked as a staffer for Congressman [[Don Edwards]]. She served on the [[House Judiciary Committee]] when the committee [[Impeachment process against Richard Nixon|prepared articles of impeachment]] against President [[Richard Nixon]] in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-congress-impeachment-democrats-zoe-lofgren-20190611-story.html |title=Rep. Zoe Lofgren has been through two impeachments. She doesn't want a third |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 11, 2019 |access-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712203424/https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-congress-impeachment-democrats-zoe-lofgren-20190611-story.html |archive-date=July 12, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1978, Lofgren married John Marshall Collins.<ref name="google2"/> Returning to San Jose, she worked in Don Edwards's district office while earning her [[Juris Doctor|J.D.]] degree. After two years as partner at a San Jose immigration law firm, she was elected to the board of [[San Jose City College]]. In 1981, she was elected to the [[Santa Clara County, California|Santa Clara County]] [[board of supervisors|Board of Supervisors]], representing downtown San Jose and nearby communities, where she served for 13 years.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sccgov.org/sites/archives/county-supervisors-archives/pages/zoe-lofgren.aspx |title=Zoe Lofgren - County Archives - County of Santa Clara |website=sccgov.org |access-date=2020-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115171405/https://www.sccgov.org/sites/archives/county-supervisors-archives/pages/zoe-lofgren.aspx |archive-date=January 15, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==U.S. House of Representatives==
===Elections===
In 1994, Lofgren entered a six-way Democratic primary in what was then the 16th district, when Edwards retired after 32 years in Congress. The district, then as now, is a Democratic stronghold, and it was understood that whoever won the Democratic primary would be only the second person to represent this district since its creation in 1963 (it was numbered as the 9th district from 1963 to 1975, as the 10th from 1975 to 1993, the 16th from 1993 to 2013, and has been the 19th since 2013). A decided underdog, she managed to defeat the favorite, former San Jose mayor [[Tom McEnery]], by just over 1,100 votes. She breezed to victory in November, and has been reelected every two years since with no substantive opposition.

During the 2004, 2006 and 2008 elections, Lofgren's campaign paid approximately $350,000 to two businesses her husband operates: Collins and Day and John Marshall Collins P.C. over a six-year period to support campaign efforts.<ref name="Coile">{{cite news |last1=Coile |first1=Zachary |title=Watchdog lists 64 in the House paying kin out campaign funds / It's legal, but some wonder whether it's good government |url=https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Watchdog-lists-64-in-the-House-paying-kin-out-2555377.php |access-date=21 November 2020 |work=SFGATE |date=19 June 2007}}</ref>

===Tenure===
[[File:Zoe Lofgren 109th pictorial.jpg|upright|left|thumb|Lofgren during the<br> [[109th United States Congress|109th Congress]]]]
Lofgren chairs the 46-member California Democratic Congressional Delegation. She serves on the Judiciary Committee and chairs the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law. In 2007, she co-sponsored<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/1955/cosponsors?searchResultViewType=expanded | access-date=2020-08-07 | title=Cosponsors: H.R.1955 — 110th Congress (2007-2008)| date=October 24, 2007 }}</ref> the [[Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007|Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act]], which the ACLU characterized as "legislating against thought".<ref name="aclu-thoughtcrime">{{cite web |url=https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-skeptical-senate-report-homegrown-terrorism | title=ACLU Skeptical of Senate Report on "Homegrown" Terrorism | access-date=2020-08-07 | date=2008-05-08}}</ref> In April 2011, she became the first member of Congress to call for federal investigation into the [[Secure Communities]] deportation program.<ref name="la-now">{{cite news |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/04/congresswoman-calls-for-investigation-of-enforcement-program-that-screens-for-illegal-immigrants-in-.html | title=Congresswoman calls for investigation of enforcement program that screens for illegal immigrants in jails | author=Romney, Lee | newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=April 22, 2011 | access-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211072123/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/04/congresswoman-calls-for-investigation-of-enforcement-program-that-screens-for-illegal-immigrants-in-.html | archive-date=February 11, 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Beginning in 2009, Lofgren served as chair of the [[United States House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct|House Ethics Committee]]. In doing so, she presided over a rare [[Censure in the United States|sanction of censure]], against longtime member [[Charles B. Rangel]].<ref name="wapo-full">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/02/AR2010120201626.html?hpid=topnews |title=House censures Rep. Charles Rangel in 333–79 vote |author=Kane, Paul |author2=Farentholt, David A. |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 2, 2010 |access-date=October 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105064415/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/02/AR2010120201626.html?hpid=topnews |archive-date=January 5, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2009, Lofgren was appointed and served as an [[impeachment manager]] in the [[Federal impeachment trial in the United States|impeachment trial]] of Judge [[Samuel B. Kent]].<ref name="List1"/> In 2010, Lofgren was appointed and served as an impeachment manager (prosecutor) in the impeachment trial of Judge [[Thomas Porteous]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Impeachment: An Overview of Constitutional Provisions, Procedure, and Practice February 27, 1998 – December 9, 2010 |url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/98-186.html |website=www.everycrsreport.com |publisher=Congressional Research Office |access-date=10 December 2022 |language=en |date=2010}}</ref>

In the [[Stop Online Piracy Act]] [[House Judiciary Committee]] hearings, she defended the current state of the internet in opposition of the bill. She has also opposed the [[data retention]] requirements in the H.R. 1981 (the [[Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011]]).<ref>{{cite news |first=Grant |last=Gross |title=House Panel Votes to Require ISPs to Keep Customer Records |date=July 28, 2011 |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/236866/house_panel_votes_to_require_isps_to_keep_customer_records.html |work=PC World |access-date=October 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204044450/http://www.pcworld.com/article/236866/house_panel_votes_to_require_isps_to_keep_customer_records.html |archive-date=February 4, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2013, Lofgren became one of the sponsors of the [[Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act]] to expedite open access to taxpayer-funded research.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lofgren.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=783&Itemid=130 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025054356/http://lofgren.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=783&Itemid=130 |archive-date=October 25, 2013 |title=Reps. Zoe Lofgren, Mike Doyle and Kevin Yoder Introduce Bill Expanding Access to Federally Funded Research}}</ref>

In May 2016, Lofgren was publicly reprimanded during a House Judiciary Committee hearing after calling witness [[Gail Heriot]] of the [[United States Commission on Civil Rights]] an "ignorant bigot" because Heriot's written testimony before the hearing had suggested that calling oneself a female does not cause one to be a female.<ref>[https://judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/HHRG-114-JU00-Wstate-HeriotG-20160524.pdf Testimony of Gail Heriot to the Task Force on Executive Overreach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830234304/https://judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/HHRG-114-JU00-Wstate-HeriotG-20160524.pdf |date=August 30, 2017 }}, May 26, 2016</ref> Following the oral warning from acting committee chairman [[Steve King]], Lofgren responded, "I cannot allow that kind of bigotry to go into the record unchallenged".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/zoe-lofgren-transphobia_us_5746eee4e4b0dacf7ad403eb|title=Congresswoman Shuts Down Transphobic Woman: 'You're A Bigot, Lady'|first=Paige|last=Lavender|date=May 26, 2016|via=Huff Post|access-date=May 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527124646/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/zoe-lofgren-transphobia_us_5746eee4e4b0dacf7ad403eb|archive-date=May 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2020, Lofgren [[First impeachment of Donald Trump|was selected]] as one of seven impeachment managers who presented the impeachment case against President [[Donald Trump]] during [[First impeachment trial of Donald Trump|his first trial]] before the [[United States Senate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/15/pelosi-taps-schiff-nadler-as-trump-impeachment-managers.html|title=Pelosi taps Schiff, Nadler and 5 others as Trump impeachment managers|last=Wilkie|first=Christina|date=2020-01-15|website=CNBC|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115171458/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/15/pelosi-taps-schiff-nadler-as-trump-impeachment-managers.html|archive-date=January 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This marked her third time serving as an impeachment manager.<ref name="List1">{{cite web |url=https://history.house.gov/Institution/Impeachment/Impeachment-List/ |title=List of Individuals Impeached by the House of Representatives |publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]] |access-date=January 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218232339/https://history.house.gov/Institution/Impeachment/Impeachment-List/ |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

As of October 2021, Lofgren had voted in line with [[Joe Biden]]'s stated position 100% of the time.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bycoffe |first1=Anna Wiederkehr and Aaron |title=Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden? |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-congress-votes/zoe-lofgren/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506150623/https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-congress-votes/zoe-lofgren/|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 6, 2021|access-date=29 October 2021 |language=en |date=2021-10-22}}</ref>

[[File:Zoe Lofgren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|Lofgren speaking to the [[California Democratic Party]] State Convention in June 2019|upright]]

===Committee assignments===
For the [[118th United States Congress|118th Congress]]:<ref>{{cite web |title=Zoe Lofgren |url=https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000397 |publisher=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology|Committee on Science, Space, and Technology]] (Ranking Member)
**As Ranking Member of the committee, Rep. Lofgren is entitled to sit as an ''ex officio'' member in all subcommittee meetings, per the committee's rules.
* [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|Committee on the Judiciary]]
** [[United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet|Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet]]
** [[United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement|Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement]]
** [[United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust|Subcommittee on the Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust]]

===Caucuses===
* [[Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus]] (Associate member, former)<ref>{{cite web|title=Members|url=https://capac-chu.house.gov/members|publisher=Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus|access-date=17 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514183102/https://capac-chu.house.gov/members|archive-date=May 14, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Congressional Progressive Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Caucus Members|url=https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=71&sectiontree=2,71|publisher=Congressional Progressive Caucus|access-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427164818/https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=71&sectiontree=2,71|archive-date=April 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> (former)
* [[Congressional Arts Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Membership|url=https://artscaucus-slaughter.house.gov/membership|publisher=Congressional Arts Caucus|access-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140644/https://artscaucus-slaughter.house.gov/membership|archive-date=June 12, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Congressional Equality Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=About the CEC|url=https://equality.house.gov/about-cec/membership| publisher=CEC|access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>
* [[Afterschool Caucuses]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Members|url=http://www.afterschoolalliance.org/policyCongressionalCaucuses.cfm|publisher=Afterschool Alliance|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012024233/http://www.afterschoolalliance.org/policyCongressionalCaucuses.cfm|archive-date=October 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Members|url=http://www.ng911institute.org/about-the-congressional-nextgen-9-1-1-caucus|publisher=Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus|access-date=8 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142643/http://www.ng911institute.org/about-the-congressional-nextgen-9-1-1-caucus|archive-date=June 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Congressional Solar Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Congressmen Raja Krishnamoorthi And Ralph Norman Relaunch The Bipartisan Congressional Solar Caucus For The 118th Congress|author=|url=https://krishnamoorthi.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressmen-raja-krishnamoorthi-and-ralph-norman-relaunch-bipartisan|format=|publisher=United States Congressmen Raja Krishnamoorthi|date=May 25, 2023|accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref>
* [[Congressional Taiwan Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Congressional Taiwan Caucus|url=https://sherman.house.gov/taiwancaucus| publisher=Congressman Brad Sherman|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
* [[Congressional Freethought Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Congressional Freethought Caucus expands rapidly |url=https://ffrf.org/news/news-releases/item/33110-congressional-freethought-caucus-expands-rapidly |website=Freedom from Religion Foundation |date=September 25, 2018 |access-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926000636/https://ffrf.org/news/news-releases/item/33110-congressional-freethought-caucus-expands-rapidly |archive-date=26 September 2018}}</ref>
* [[Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Strengthening Conservation Advocacy: Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus Expansion & Reconstitution|author=|url=https://www.refugeassociation.org/news/2023/12/18/strengthening-conservation-advocacy-congressional-wildlife-refuge-caucus-expansion-amp-reconstitution|format=|publisher=National Wildlife Refuge Association|date=December 15, 2023|accessdate=31 January 2025|archive-date=January 28, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128114007/https://www.refugeassociation.org/news/2023/12/18/strengthening-conservation-advocacy-congressional-wildlife-refuge-caucus-expansion-amp-reconstitution|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Medicare for All Caucus]]<ref name="Huffpo19"/>
* [[Congressional Coalition on Adoption]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute|url=https://www.ccainstitute.org|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rare Disease Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Rare Disease Congressional Caucus|author=|url=https://everylifefoundation.org/rare-advocates/rarecaucus/rarecaucus-members/|format=|publisher=Every Life Foundation for Rare Diseases|date=|accessdate=18 March 2025}}</ref>

==Political positions==

===Abortion===

Lofgren is [[United States abortion-rights movement|pro-choice]]<ref name="Politico13">{{cite news | last=Gibson| first=Ginger| title =Lofgren to lead Dems vs. abortion bill| work=Politico| date =June 28, 2013 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2013/06/zoe-lofgren-abortion-bill-092965| accessdate =October 3, 2021}}</ref> and has a 100% rating from [[NARAL Pro-Choice America]], an organization that advocates for abortion rights and tracks congressional records on the topic.<ref name="NARAL">{{cite news| title =Congressional Record on Choice - Zoe Lofgren| publisher =NARAL Pro-Choice America| date =2021|url=https://www.prochoiceamerica.org/representative/zoe-lofgren/| accessdate =October 3, 2021| archive-date =September 28, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928083506/https://www.prochoiceamerica.org/representative/zoe-lofgren/| url-status =dead}}</ref> In 2013, she was chosen as the lead House Democrat to argue against the [[Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act]], which would have banned abortions after the mother was 20 weeks pregnant. Lofgren said, "Passage of the bill is wrong. It's the wrong policy for the freedom of American women."<ref name="Politico13"/> She opposed the [[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization|overturning of]] ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'', calling it "a bleak day" and vowing to keep abortion safe and accessible in California.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lofgren |first1=Zoe |title=Today is a bleak day. The partisan Supreme Court's decision is the first ever to take a constitutional right away. While abortion will remain safe & accessible in California at least until next year, we must act to keep it that way. My statement 👇 |url=https://twitter.com/RepZoeLofgren/status/1540428825993289728 |website=Twitter |access-date=27 June 2022 |language=en |date=24 June 2022}}</ref>

=== Tech policy ===
Lofgren, whose district covers much of [[Silicon Valley]], has been noted for her activity in [[Technology company|tech industry]] regulation and [[Privacy laws of the United States|privacy]] policy.<ref name="auto"/> In 2012, she was one of two Democrats in Congress to oppose the [[Federal Trade Commission]]'s (FTC) then-ongoing antitrust probe of [[Google]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-11-19|title=Google should not be accused of "unfair" acts: lawmakers|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-antitrust-congress-idUSBRE8AI14B20121119|access-date=2022-01-29}}</ref> Lofgren criticized the [[European Commission]]'s decision to fine Google $2.7 billion in 2017 over alleged [[European Union competition law|anti-competitive behavior]], arguing that the fine was "unfair to the U.S. companies participating in European markets".

In 2013, in the wake of the prosecution and subsequent suicide of Internet activist [[Aaron Swartz]] (who used a script to download scholarly research articles in excess of what [[JSTOR]] terms of service allowed), Lofgren introduced a bill, ''[[Aaron's Law]]'' ({{USBill|113|hr|2454}}, {{USBill|113|s|1196}}<ref>{{USBill|113|hr|2454|site=yes}}; [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr2454 H.R. 2454] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715064344/http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr2454 |date=July 15, 2018 }} at [[GovTrack]]; [http://www.opencongress.org/bill/113-h2454/ H.R. 2454] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112102251/http://www.opencongress.org/bill/113-h2454/ |date=November 12, 2013 }}  at [[OpenCongress]]. {{USBill|113|s|1196|site=yes}}; [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/s1196 S. 1196] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715040512/http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/s1196 |date=July 15, 2018 }} at [[GovTrack]]; [http://www.opencongress.org/bill/113-s1196/ S. 1196] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112102253/http://www.opencongress.org/bill/113-s1196/ |date=November 12, 2013 }} at [[OpenCongress]].</ref>) to exclude [[terms of service]] violations from the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and from the wire fraud statute.<ref>{{cite web |last=Musil |first=Steven |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57564193-93/new-aarons-law-aims-to-alter-controversial-computer-fraud-law/ |title=New 'Aaron's Law' aims to alter controversial computer fraud law |work=Internet & Media News |publisher=CNET |date=November 30, 2011 |access-date=January 16, 2013 |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116153556/http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57564193-93/new-aarons-law-aims-to-alter-controversial-computer-fraud-law/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By May 2014, Aaron's Law had stalled in committee. [[Brian Knappenberger]], author of a documentary on Swartz, alleges this occurred due to [[Oracle Corporation]]'s financial interest in maintaining the status quo.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://o.canada.com/technology/swartz-doc-director-oracle-and-larry-ellison-killed-aarons-law |work=Postmedia |first=Jonathan |last=Dekel |title=Swartz doc director: Oracle and Larry Ellison killed Aaron's Law |date=May 1, 2014 |access-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003014431/https://o.canada.com/technology/swartz-doc-director-oracle-and-larry-ellison-killed-aarons-law |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2021, Lofgren opposed a series of bipartisan proposals aiming to "break up" [[Big Tech]] companies through antitrust enforcement.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grim|first=Ryan|date=2021-07-14|title=Closed-Door Progressive Caucus Antitrust Meeting Turns Fiery Amid Industry Influence Allegations|url=https://theintercept.com/2021/07/14/congressional-progressive-caucus-antitrust-zoe-lofgren/|access-date=2022-01-29|website=The Intercept|language=en-US}}</ref> Alongside a group of other members of the [[United States congressional delegations from California|California congressional delegation]], she criticized the "antitrust package" due to concerns about its impact on the U.S. tech industry.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hupka|first=Sasha|date=2021-06-30|title=California's U.S. House members take a rare bipartisan stance — to help Big Tech|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-06-30/california-us-house-members-rare-bipartisan-stance-help-big-tech|access-date=2022-01-29|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Following allegations that Lofgren's opposition to antitrust measures were potentially influenced by her daughter's employment as a corporate counsel for [[Google]], Lofgren was defended by colleagues [[Ro Khanna]] and [[Anna Eshoo]], who called these criticisms "ad hominem attacks".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Birnbaum|first=Emily|title=Return of the JEDI cloud lobbying wars|url=https://politi.co/3EgoegK|access-date=2022-01-31|website=POLITICO|date=December 21, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, Lofgren was one of 16 Democrats to vote against the [[Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2021]], an antitrust package that would crack down on corporations for anti-competitive behavior.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/29/house-passes-antitrust-bill-raising-ma-fees.html | title=House passes antitrust bill that hikes M&A fees as larger efforts targeting tech have stalled | website=[[CNBC]] | date=September 29, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/117-2022/h460 | title=H.R. 3843: Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022 -- House Vote #460 -- Sep 29, 2022 }}</ref>

In 2025, Lofgren introduced the Foreign Anti‑Digital Piracy Act (FADPA), which establishes a procedure allowing copyright owners and exclusive licensees to ask U.S. district courts to require internet providers to block access to foreign websites or online services that are alleged to facilitate copyright infringement.<ref name="Goldsmith 2025">{{cite web |last=Goldsmith |first=Jill |title=California Rep. Zoe Lofgren Introduces Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act To Block Sites Infringing On U.S. Copyrights |website=Deadline |date=January 29, 2025 |url=https://deadline.com/2025/01/u-s-foreign-anti-digital-piracy-act-introduced-by-california-representative-1236271603/ |access-date=October 19, 2025}}</ref>

===Energy policy===

Lofgren has routinely voted for bills that would expand renewable energy investments. She believes that a [[Sustainable energy|clean energy]] infrastructure is required to curb the effects of climate change.<ref name="Spotlight">{{cite news | last=King| first=Katie| title =South Bay legislators split on clean energy legislation| work=San Jose Spotlight| date =September 25, 2020 |url=https://sanjosespotlight.com/south-bay-legislators-split-on-clean-energy-legislation/| accessdate =October 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title =Lofgren joins Senator Udall and Rep. Matsui to Introduce Legislation to Give All Americans an Opportunity to Invest in Building Our Clean Energy Future| publisher=Zoe Lofgren| date =July 25, 2020 |url=https://lofgren.house.gov/media/press-releases/clean-energy-victory-bonds| accessdate =October 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title =Rep. Lofgren Votes to Expand Renewable Energy Investment| publisher=Zoe Lofgren| date =September 26, 2008 |url=https://lofgren.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-lofgren-votes-expand-renewable-energy-investment| accessdate =October 3, 2021}}</ref> In 2018, Lofgren co-sponsored the Nuclear Energy Innovation Capabilities Act.<ref>{{cite news | title =Legislation 115th Congress| work=OpenSecrets| date = |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/zoe-lofgren/bills?bill_no=hr589-115&cid=N00007479&cong=115&cycle=2018| accessdate =September 30, 2021}}</ref> In February 2019, she co-sponsored the [[Green New Deal]] resolution (H.Res. 109).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-02|title=Why we endorse incumbent Anna Eshoo for 18th Congressional District|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2020/03/01/why-we-endorse-incumbent-anna-eshoo-for-18th-congressional-district/|access-date=2022-01-29|website=The Stanford Daily|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Health care===

Lofgren is a member of the [[Medicare for All Caucus]] and co-sponsored the [[Medicare for All Act|legislation]] introduced by Representative [[John Conyers]] in 2017. She rescinded her sponsorship of a similar bill introduced by Representative [[Pramila Jayapal]] in 2019, arguing that the bill's two-year timeline was not feasible.<ref name="Huffpo19">{{cite news | last=Marans| first=Daniel| title =Democrats Who No Longer Support 'Medicare For All' Bill Have Lots Of Excuses| work=HuffPost| date =February 27, 2019 |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/medicare-for-all-pramila-jayapal-house-democrats-squeamish_n_5c7724f8e4b0952f89de18e2| accessdate =October 3, 2021}}</ref> Lofgren continues to support a public option for health insurance,<ref name="Intercept">{{cite news | title =MEDICARE FOR ALL JUST GOT A MASSIVE BOOST| work=The Intercept| date =March 19, 2021 |url=https://theintercept.com/2021/03/19/deconstructed-medicare-for-all-health-care/| accessdate =October 3, 2021}}</ref> and 2021 co-sponsored Jayapal's bill to lower the Medicare eligibility age from 65 to 60.<ref name="Jayapal">{{cite news | title =Jayapal Leads 130 Lawmakers in Introducing Bill to Lower Medicare Eligibility Age| publisher=Pramila Jayapal| date =September 3, 2021 |url=https://jayapal.house.gov/2021/09/03/lower-medicare-age/| accessdate =October 3, 2021}}</ref>

=== Net neutrality ===
Lofgren is a supporter of [[Net neutrality in the United States|net neutrality]] policies to prevent [[internet service provider]]s (ISPs) from engaging in [[data discrimination]].<ref name="auto"/> In 2018, she signed a discharge petition to force a vote on net neutrality protections in Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-18|title=Lofgren Signs Discharge Petition to Force Vote on Net Neutrality Protections|url=https://lofgren.house.gov/media/press-releases/lofgren-signs-discharge-petition-force-vote-net-neutrality-protections|access-date=2022-01-29|website=Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren|language=en}}</ref>

===2024 presidential nominee===
On July 19, 2024, Lofgren called for Joe Biden to withdraw from the [[2024 United States presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Every Big Name Urging Biden To Drop Out: Sen. Sherrod Brown Joins 35 Democrats In Congress |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/07/19/every-big-name-urging-biden-to-drop-out-sen-sherrod-brown-joins-35-democrats-in-congress/ |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref>

==Electoral history==

=== California's 16th congressional district ===
{{Election box begin no change | title= {{ushr|California|16}} Democratic Primary election, June 7, 1994<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=208219 Our Campaigns] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131111807/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=208219 |date=January 31, 2008 }} "California District 16 – Democratic Primary Race," (retrieved on August 8, 2009).</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren
  |votes      = 16,168
  |percentage = 45.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = [[Tom McEnery]]
  |votes      = 15,037
  |percentage = 42.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Dick Lane
  |votes      = 1,537
  |percentage = 4.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Cynthia Williamson
  |votes      = 1,414
  |percentage = 4.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Tom Harney
  |votes      = 780
  |percentage = 2.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Edward R. Dykes
  |votes      = 721
  |percentage = 2.0
}}
{{Election box total no change|
  |votes      = 35,657
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |percentage =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change | title= {{ushr|California|16}} election, [[1994 United States House of Representatives elections in California|1994]]<ref>[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf Office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002435/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }} "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994" (retrieved on August 8, 2009).</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren
  |votes      = 74,935
  |percentage = 65.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Lyle J. Smith
  |votes      = 40,409
  |percentage = 35.0
}}
{{Election box candidate no party in partisan race no change|
  |party      = independent (politician)
  |candidate  = Fred Luke Barraza ([[Write-in candidate|write-in]])
  |votes      = 8
  |percentage = 0.0
}}
{{Election box total no change|
  |votes      = 115,352
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
  |winner     = Democratic Party (United States)
  |loser      = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change | title= {{ushr|California|16}} election, [[1996 United States House of Representatives elections in California|1996]]<ref>[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1996election.pdf Office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002438/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1996election.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }} "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996" (retrieved on August 8, 2009).</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
  |votes      = 94,020
  |percentage = 65.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Chuck Wojslaw
  |votes      = 43,197
  |percentage = 30.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Libertarian Party (United States)
  |candidate  = David Bonino
  |votes      = 4,124
  |percentage = 2.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Natural Law Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Abaan Abu-Shumays
  |votes      = 1,866
  |percentage = 1.3
}}
{{Election box total no change|
  |votes      = 143,207
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
  |winner     = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change | title= {{ushr|California|16}} election, [[1998 United States House of Representatives elections in California|1998]]<ref>[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1998election.pdf Office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123044640/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1998election.pdf |date=January 23, 2017 }} "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998" (retrieved on August 8, 2009).</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
  |votes      = 85,503
  |percentage = 72.82
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Horace Eugene Thayn
  |votes      = 27,494
  |percentage = 23.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Natural Law Party (United States)
  |candidate  = John H. Black
  |votes      = 4,417
  |percentage = 3.76
}}
{{Election box total no change|
  |votes      = 117,414
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
  |winner     = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change | title= {{ushr|California|16}} election, [[2000 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2000]]<ref>[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2000election.pdf Office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002446/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2000election.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }} "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000" (retrieved on August 8, 2009).</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
  |votes      = 115,118
  |percentage = 72.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Horace "Gene" Thayn
  |votes      = 37,213
  |percentage = 23.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Libertarian Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Dennis Michael Umphress
  |votes      = 4,742
  |percentage = 3.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Natural Law Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Edward J. Klein
  |votes      = 2,673
  |percentage = 1.6
}}
{{Election box total no change|
  |votes      = 159,746
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
  |winner     = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change | title={{ushr|California|16}} election, [[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2002]]<ref>[http://sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2002_general/congress.pdf 2002 Office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203072316/http://sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2002_general/congress.pdf |date=February 3, 2009 }} "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002" (retrieved on August 8, 2009).</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
  |votes      = 72,370
  |percentage = 67.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Douglas Adams McNea
  |votes      = 32,182
  |percentage = 29.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Libertarian Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Dennis Michael Umphress
  |votes      = 3,434
  |percentage = 3.1
}}
{{Election box total no change|
  |votes      = 104,556
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
  |winner    = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change | title={{ushr|California|16}} election, [[2004 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2004]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2004_general/us%20reps%20all%20formatted.pdf |title=United States Representative in Congress |access-date=October 14, 2021 |date=December 13, 2004 |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821045347/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2004_general/us%20reps%20all%20formatted.pdf |archive-date=August 21, 2008 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
  |votes      = 129,222
  |percentage = 70.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Douglas Adams McNea
  |votes      = 47,992
  |percentage = 26.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Libertarian Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Markus Welch
  |votes      = 5,067
  |percentage = 2.7
}}
{{Election box total no change|
  |votes      = 182,281
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
  |winner    = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change | title={{ushr|California|16}} election, [[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2006]]<ref>[http://sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2006_general/congress.pdf 2006 Office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127061822/http://sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2006_general/congress.pdf |date=November 27, 2008 }} "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006" (retrieved on August 8, 2009).</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
  |votes      = 98,929
  |percentage = 72.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Charel Winston
  |votes      = 37,130
  |percentage = 27.2
}}
{{Election box total no change|
  |votes      = 136,059
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
  |winner    = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change | title={{ushr|California|16}} election, [[2008 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2008]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2008_general/sov_complete.pdf |title=Statement of Vote: November 4, 2008, General Election |access-date=October 14, 2021 |date=December 15, 2008 |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102034854/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2008_general/sov_complete.pdf |archive-date=November 2, 2012 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
  |votes      = 146,481
  |percentage = 71.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Charel Winston
  |votes      = 49,399
  |percentage = 24.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
  |party      = Libertarian Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Steven Wells
  |votes      = 9,447
  |percentage = 4.6
}}
{{Election box total no change|
  |votes      = 205,327
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
  |percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
  |winner    = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = {{ushr|California|16}} election, [[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2010]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2010-general/58-united-states-representative.pdf |publisher=California Secretary of State |title=Official report of 2010 elections results |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520072810/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2010-general/58-united-states-representative.pdf |archivedate=May 20, 2011}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 105,841
| percentage = 67.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Daniel Sahagun
| votes = 37,913
| percentage = 24.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| candidate = Edward M. Gonzalez
| votes = 12,304
| percentage = 7.8
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 156,058
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== California's 19th congressional district ===
{{Election box open primary begin no change
| title = {{ushr|California|19}} election, [[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2012]]<ref>[http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2012-general/12-us-reps.pdf Office of the California Secretary of State] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019044155/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2012-general/12-us-reps.pdf |date=October 19, 2013 }} (retrieved on August 8, 2009).</ref>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 60,726
| percentage = 65.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Robert Murray
| votes = 21,421
| percentage = 23.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Phat Nguyen
| votes = 7,192
| percentage = 7.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = No party preference
| candidate = Jay Cabrera
| votes = 3,829
| percentage = 4.1
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 93,168
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box open primary general election no change}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 162,300
| percentage = 73.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Robert Murray
| votes = 59,313
| percentage = 26.8
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 221,613
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box open primary begin no change
| title = {{ushr|California|19}} election, [[2014 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2014]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Statewide Direct Primary Election - Statement of Vote, June 3, 2014 |date=June 3, 2014 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2014-primary/pdf/63-congress.pdf |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=October 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=General Election - Statement of Vote - November 4, 2014 |date=November 4, 2014 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2014-general/pdf/43-congress.pdf |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=October 14, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 63,845
| percentage = 76.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Robert Murray
| votes = 20,132
| percentage = 24.0
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 83,977
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box open primary general election no change}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 85,888
| percentage = 67.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Robert Murray
| votes = 41,900
| percentage = 32.8
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 127,788
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box open primary begin no change
| title = {{ushr|California|19}} election, [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2016]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Presidential Primary Election - Statement of Vote, June 7, 2016 |date=June 7, 2016 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-primary/90-us-reps-formatted.pdf |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=October 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=General Election - Statement of Vote, November 8, 2016 |date=November 8, 2016 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-general/sov/26-us-reps-formatted.pdf |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=October 14, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 107,773
| percentage = 76.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = G. Burt Lancaster
| votes = 33,889
| percentage = 23.9
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 194,251
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box open primary general election no change}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 181,802
| percentage = 73.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = G. Burt Lancaster
| votes = 64,061
| percentage = 26.1
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 245,863
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box open primary begin no change
| title = {{ushr|California|19}} election, [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2018]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Statewide Direct Primary Election - Statement of the Vote, June 5, 2018 |date=June 5, 2018 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2018-primary/sov/82-congress.pdf |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=October 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=General Election - Statement of Vote, November 6, 2018 |date=November 6, 2018 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2018-general/sov/48-congress.pdf |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=October 14, 2021}}</ref>
}}
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: <nowiki />#3333FF; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| class="fn"    | Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]])
| style="text-align:right;" | 97,096
| style="text-align:right;" | 99.0
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: <nowiki />#E81B23; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| class="fn"    | Justin James Aguilera ([[write-in candidate|write-in]])
| style="text-align:right;" | 792
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.8
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: <nowiki />#E81B23; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| class="fn"    | Karl Ryan ([[write-in candidate|write-in]])
| style="text-align:right;" | 160
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.2
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: {{Party color|American Independent Party}}; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | [[American Independent Party|American Independent]]
| class="fn"    | Robert Ornelas ([[write-in candidate|write-in]])
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.0
|-
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 98055
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box open primary general election no change}}
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: <nowiki />#3333FF; width: 5px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | '''[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''
| class="fn" | '''Zoe Lofgren ([[incumbent]]) '''
| style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" | '''{{formatnum:162496}} '''
| style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" | '''73.8 '''
|-
|- class="vcard"
| style="background-color: <nowiki />#E81B23; width: 2px;" |
| class="org" style="width: 130px" | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| class="fn"    | Justin James Aguilera
| style="text-align:right;" | 57,823
| style="text-align:right;" | 26.2
|-
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 220319
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box open primary begin no change|title = {{ushr|California|19}} election, [[2020 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2020]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Presidential Primary Election - Statement of Vote, March 3, 2020 |date=March 3, 2020 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2020-primary/sov/126-us-rep-congress.pdf |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=October 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=General Election - Statement of Vote, November 3, 2020 |date=November 3, 2020 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2020-general/sov/24-us-reps.pdf |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=October 14, 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren (incumbent)
  |votes      = 104,456
  |percentage = 62.7
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Justin James Aguilera
  |votes      = 20,469
  |percentage = 12.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Ignacio Cruz
  |votes      = 19,109
  |percentage = 11.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Ivan Torres
  |votes      = 18,916
  |percentage = 11.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  |party      = No party preference
  |candidate  = Jason Mallory
  |votes      = 3,516
  |percentage = 2.1
}}
{{Election box total no change
  |votes      = 166,466
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box open primary general election no change}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren (incumbent)
  |votes      = 224,385
  |percentage = 71.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Justin James Aguilera
  |votes      = 88,642
  |percentage = 28.3
}}
{{Election box total no change
  |votes      = 313,027
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== California's 18th congressional district ===
{{Election box open primary begin no change|title = {{ushr|California|18}}, [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2022]]<ref>{{cite news |title=General Election - Statement of Vote, November 8, 2022 |date=November 8, 2022 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2022-general/sov/48-congress.pdf |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=January 3, 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren (incumbent)
  |votes      = 50,104
  |percentage = 56.1
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Peter Hernandez
  |votes      = 27,935
  |percentage = 31.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Luis Acevedo-Arreguin
  |votes      = 11,253
  |percentage = 12.6
}}
{{Election box total no change
  |votes      = 89,292
  |percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box open primary general election no change}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Zoe Lofgren (incumbent)
  |votes      = 99,677
  |percentage = 65.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  |party      = Republican Party (United States)
  |candidate  = Peter Hernandez
  |votes      = 51,704
  |percentage = 34.2
}}
{{Election box total no change
  |votes      = 151,381
  |percentage = 100.0}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box open primary begin no change|title={{ushr|California|18}}, [[2024 United States House of Representatives elections in California|2024]]<ref>{{cite news |title=General Election - Statement of Vote, November 5, 2024 |date=November 5, 2024 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2024-general/sov/complete-sov.pdf#page=8%22%3E |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=December 27, 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Zoe Lofgren (incumbent)|votes=49,370|percentage=51.2}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Peter Hernandez|votes=31,665|percentage=32.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Charlene Nijmeh|votes=10,631|percentage=11.0}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Lawrence Milan|votes=2,714|percentage=2.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Luele Kifle|votes=2,034|percentage=2.1}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=96,414|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box open primary general election no change}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Zoe Lofgren (incumbent)|votes=147,674|percentage=64.4}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Peter Hernandez|votes=80,832|percentage=35.4}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=228,506|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box end}}

== Publications ==

=== Articles ===

* Congress hands China another win, ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'', March 22, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lofgren |first=Zoe |date=2024-03-22 |title=Congress hands China another win |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/congress-blog/4548275-congress-hands-china-another-win/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Personal life==

In 1978, Lofgren married John Marshall Collins, an attorney.<ref name="google2" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Stolberg|first=Sheryl Gay|date=2019-12-12|title=From Nixon to Trump, Zoe Lofgren Is Democrats' Memory on Impeachment|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/11/us/politics/zoe-lofgren-democrats-impeachment.html|access-date=2022-01-29|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The couple met at an election party.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Milfeld |first1=Becca |title=Power couples recall the first spark |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/02/power-couples-recall-the-first-spark-018864 |access-date=21 November 2020 |work=POLITICO |date=15 February 2009 |language=en}}</ref> They have two children and twin grandsons.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet Zoe |url=https://zoelofgren.com/meet-zoe/ |access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref> Lofgren's daughter, Sheila Collins, is a corporate counsel at [[Google]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-08|title=Major antitrust adversary in Congress has daughter on Google's legal team|url=https://nypost.com/2021/12/07/major-antitrust-adversary-in-congress-has-daughter-on-googles-legal-team/|access-date=2021-12-08|website=New York Post|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=White|first1=Jeremy B.|last2=Bloom|first2=Isabella|last3=Massara|first3=Graph|title=What's the absolute minimum?|url=https://politi.co/3EAHGpl|access-date=2021-12-08|website=POLITICO|date=December 8, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[PROTECT IP Act]]
* [[Computer Fraud and Abuse Act#Aaron Swartz|Aaron's Law]]
* [[Women in the United States House of Representatives]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Zoe Lofgren}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{wikisource|works=or}}
* [https://lofgren.house.gov/ Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren] official U.S. House website
* [https://zoelofgren.com/ Zoe Lofgren for Congress]
*{{C-SPAN|36520}}
{{CongLinks |congbio=L000397 |votesmart=21899 |fec=H4CA16049 |congress=zoe-lofgren/L000397}}

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{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lofgren, Zoe}}
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