View source for Yugh language

{{Short description|Extinct Yeniseian language of Russia}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Yugh
| altname          = Sym Ket, Yug
| nativename       = {{lang|yug|Дьук}} {{transliteration|yug|Ďuk}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|yug|ɟuk|}}
| states           = [[Russia]]
| region           = [[Yenisei River]]
| ethnicity        = 7 [[Yugh people|Yughs]] (2020)
| extinct          = 1972
| familycolor      = Dené-Yeniseian
| fam2             = [[Yeniseian languages|Yeniseian]]
| fam3             = Ketic
| linglist         = yug
| glotto           = yugh1239
| glottorefname    = Yugh
| glotto2          = yugh1240
| glottoname2      = additional bibliography
| glottorefname2   = Yugh (Retired)
| ref              = <ref name="Vajda2024">{{Citation |last=Vajda |first=Edward |title=8 The Yeniseian language family |date=2024-02-19 |work=The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia |pages=365–480 |editor-last=Vajda |editor-first=Edward |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110556216-008/html |access-date=2024-06-26 |publisher=De Gruyter |doi=10.1515/9783110556216-008 |isbn=978-3-11-055621-6|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| speakers2        = 2–3 nonfluent speakers (1991)<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kibrik |first=Aleksandr E. |date=March 1991|title=The Problem of Endangered Languages in the USSR |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0392192100322519/type/journal_article |journal=Diogenes |language=en |volume=39 |issue=153 |pages=67–83 |doi=10.1177/039219219103915305 |issn=0392-1921|url-access=subscription }}</ref><br>
3 (2020)<ref name=":1">[https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab7_VPN-2020.xlsx Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку]</ref>
| map              = File:Yeniseian_languages_map.svg
| mapcaption       = Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages.
| map2             = Lang Status 01-EX.svg
| mapcaption2      = {{center|{{small|Yug is classified as Extinct by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'' (2010)}}}}
| lc2              = yuu
| lc1              = yug
| ld1              = Yug
| ld2              = Yugh (deprecated)
}}
[[File:Table 1. Yeniseic numbers.png|thumb|325x325px|Numerals in Yeniseian languages]]
'''Yugh''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|j|u:|g}} {{respell|YOOG}}; '''Yug''') is a [[Yeniseian languages|Yeniseian]] language, closely related to [[Ket language|Ket]], formerly spoken by the [[Yugh people]], one of the southern groups along the [[Yenisei River]] in central [[Siberia]].<ref name=Vajda>{{cite web
|last=Vajda
|first=Edward J.
|url=http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/ket.htm
|title=The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples
|access-date=2006-10-27
|archive-date=2019-04-06
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406214043/http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/ket.htm
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> It went extinct by 1972.<ref name="Vajda2024" /> It was once regarded as a dialect of the [[Ket language]], which was considered to be a [[language isolate]], and was therefore called ''Sym Ket'' or ''Southern Ket''; however, the Ket considered it to be a distinct language. By the early 1990s there were only two or three nonfluent speakers remaining,<ref name=":2">{{Ethnologue15|yug}}</ref> and the language was virtually [[extinct]]. The 2002 census recorded 19 ethnic Yugh in all of Russia.<ref name="2002 Russian census data">[http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_03.xls 2002 Russian census data]</ref> In the 2010 census, only one ethnic Yugh was counted, also stating their proficiency in Yugh,<ref name="2010 Russian census data">[http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab5.xls 2010 Russian census data]</ref> while in the 2020 census, 7 ethnic Yugh were counted,<ref>[https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения]</ref> 2 of them stating that they were speakers of Yugh.<ref name=":1" />

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowels of Yugh<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Werner |first=Heinrich |url=https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Paleosiberian/Yeniseian/Yugh%3B%20Das%20Jugische%20%28Werner%29.pdf |title=Das Jugische (sym-ketische) |date=1997 |publisher=Harrassowitz |isbn=978-3-447-03999-4 |series=Veröffentlichungen der societa uralo-altaica |location=Wiesbaden}}</ref>
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|i {{IPAblink|i}}
|ɨ {{IPAblink|ɨ}}
|u {{IPAblink|u}}
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|e {{IPAblink|e}}
|ə {{IPAblink|ə}}
|o {{IPAblink|o}}
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|ɛ {{IPAblink|ɛ}}
|ʌ {{IPAblink|ʌ}}
|ɔ {{IPAblink|ɔ}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|a {{IPAblink|a}}
|
|}

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Consonants of Yugh<ref name=":0" />
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
![[Laryngeal consonant|Laryngeal]]/<br>[[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive]]
!{{Small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|p {{IPAblink|p}}
|t {{IPAblink|t}}
|t'''ʼ''' {{IPAblink|tʲ}}
|k {{IPAblink|k}}
|(q {{IPAblink|q}})
|ʔ {{IPAblink|ʔ}}
|-
!{{Small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|b {{IPAblink|b}}
|d {{IPAblink|d}}
|d'''ʼ''' {{IPAblink|dʲ}}
|g {{IPAblink|g}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative]]
!{{Small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|f {{IPAblink|f}}
|s {{IPAblink|s}}/š {{IPAblink|ʃ}}/š'''ʼ''' {{IPAblink|ʃʲ}}
|
|
|χ {{IPAblink|χ}}
|
|-
!{{Small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|(v {{IPAblink|v}})
|z {{IPAblink|z}}/ž {{IPAblink|ʒ}}/ž'''ʼ''' {{IPAblink|ʒʲ}}
|j {{IPAblink|j}}
|{{IPAblink|ɣ}}
|(R {{IPAblink|ʁ}})
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Affricate]]
|
|(c {{IPAblink|t͡s}})
|č'''ʼ''' {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|m {{IPAblink|m}}
|n {{IPAblink|n}}
|n'''ʼ''' {{IPAblink|nʲ}}
|ŋ {{IPAblink|ŋ}}
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|{{IPAblink|r}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
|
|l {{IPAblink|l}}/l'''ʼ''' {{IPAblink|lʲ}}
|
|
|
|
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{Cite book |last=Vajda |first=Edward J. |author-link=Edward Vajda |title=Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide |date=2002 |publisher=[[Curzon Press]] |isbn=0-7007-1290-9}}

==External links==
* [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\yen\yen&limit=-1 Yugh basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]
* [https://moodle.kubsu.ru/mod/folder/view.php?id=8829&forceview=1 Yugh at the Vanishing Peoples / Languages database]

{{Paleosiberian languages}}
[[Category:Extinct languages of Asia]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of Siberia]]
[[Category:Yeniseian languages]]
[[Category:Languages extinct in the 20th century]]

{{Yeniseian languages}}

{{lang-stub}}