View source for You Have Seen Their Faces

{{Short description|1937 book by Erskine Caldwell and Margaret Bourke-White}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox books
| image             = YouHaveSeenTheirFaces.jpg
| author            = [[Erskine Caldwell]] and [[Margaret Bourke-White]] 
| pub_date          = 1937
| publisher         = [[Viking Press]]
| caption           = First p/b edition (publ. [[Modern Age Press]])
}}
'''''You Have Seen Their Faces''''' is a 1937 book by novelist [[Erskine Caldwell]] and photographer [[Margaret Bourke-White]], first published by [[Viking Press]].  A paperback version by Modern Age Books was released a few years later. The book depicts poverty and economic hardship in the [[American South]] during the [[Great Depression]], highlighting the plight of [[tenant farmer]]s, [[sharecropping|sharecroppers]], and [[chain gang]]s in that region. The book was a commercial success.<ref>Ophir, Ella Zohar (Summer 2007). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20479803 "Romantic Reverence and Modernist Representation: Vision, Power, and the Shattered Form: Of Let Us 'Now Praise Famous Men'"]. ''Twentieth Century Literature''. 53 (2): 125-152. {{subscription required}}.</ref>  There are three editions of the book published in 1937, 1975, and 1995.

==Development==
Photographer [[Margaret Bourke-White]] was initially known for her commercial work focusing on architectural and industrial photography for corporate clients.  Her interest in [[documentary photography]] began in the mid 1930s when she began focusing less on industry and more on people, first with a [[photo essay]] of the [[Dust Bowl]] for ''Fortune'' in 1934. She began working for ''Life'' as a photographer in late 1936.<ref>Hostetler, Lisa (1999). "Biographies". In Ellen Handy and Constance Sullivan (ed). [https://archive.org/details/reflectionsingla0000unse ''Reflections in a Glass Eye: Works from the International Center of Photography Collection'']. Little, Brown and Company. International Center of Photography. p. 209. {{ISBN|9780821226254}}. {{OCLC|44651499}}.</ref>

The book's title is reminiscent of ''[[Can You Hear Their Voices?]]'', a 1931 play by [[Hallie Flanagan]] and Margaret Ellen Clifford, based on the short story "Can You Make Out Their Voices" by [[Whittaker Chambers]].<ref>{{cite book| author = Sarah Ehlers| title = Left of Poetry: Depression America and the Formation of Modern Poetics| publisher = University of North Carolina Press| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EOmRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77&dq=%22whittaker+chambers%22+%22you+have+seen+their+faces%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwit7ZTvk4-MAxW8ENAFHbg2NBYQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=%22whittaker%20chambers%22%20%22you%20have%20seen%20their%20faces%22&f=false| page = 77| date = 2019| access-date = 16 March 2025}}</ref>  According to writer [[Iris Noble]], the idea for naming the book ''You Have Seen Their Faces'' belonged to novelist Erskine Caldwell, Bourke-White's collaborator.<ref>Noble, Iris (1973). ''Cameras and Courage: Margaret Bourke-White''. J. Messner. pp. 80-82, 100-101. {{ISBN|9780671325770}}. {{OCLC|516261}}.</ref>

==Contents==
Bourke-White and Caldwell traveled for eighteen months documenting the American South documenting sharecroppers in the American South, with Bourke-White taking photos and Caldwell writing the text. Together, they both wrote captions for the photos. Their travels took them through almost 50 towns in eight states: [[Arkansas]], [[Mississippi]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Louisiana]], [[Alabama]], [[South Carolina]], [[Tennessee]], and [[Florida]].<ref>Caldwell & Bourke-White (1975)[1937], pp. 15-185.</ref> A 1975 reprint notes a disclaimer at the beginning of the book that says the captions are "intended to express the authors’ own conceptions of the sentiments of the individuals portrayed; they do not pretend to reproduce the actual sentiments of these persons."<ref>Caldwell & Bourke-White (1975)[1937], front matter.</ref>  An updated introduction by Caldwell dated 1974 also appears in the 1975 edition.<ref>Caldwell & Bourke-White (1975)[1937], introduction.</ref>  An afterward by Bourke-White titled "Notes on photographs", explains the technical requirements for the photography side of the project, including lighting and the use of five different cameras, and the need to get permission for their shoots.  This was a problem shooting the chain gang scenes in Hood's Chapel, Georgia, as the guard threatened to shoot them if they took photos.  Eventually, they were able to get an official letter of permission, but when they returned and presented it to the guard, he revealed he was illiterate.<ref>Caldwell & Bourke-White (1975)[1937], back matter.</ref>

==Critical reception==
In a positive review of the book in 1940, American sociologist and anthropologist [[Frank H. Hankins]] called it "a telling account of the South's poor rural population", and called the photos "remarkably good" and the captions "interesting and moving case histories".<ref>Hankins, Frank H. (October 1940). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2083747 "Review"]. ''American Sociological Review''. 5 (5): 839. {{subscription required}}.</ref> Reflecting on the book in 2009, novelist [[Caleb Crain]] of ''The New Yorker'' gave the book a negative review, criticizing Bourke-White's methods as "sentimental and grotesque" and Caldwell's captions as "contrived".<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Caleb|last=Crain|title=It Happened One Decade|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|access-date=September 22, 2009|date= September 21, 2009|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2009/09/21/090921crbo_books_crain?currentPage=all}}</ref>

==Influence==
This book inspired [[James Agee]] to write ''[[Let Us Now Praise Famous Men]]'' (1941).<ref name="theroux78">{{cite book |last=Theroux |first=Paul |date=2015 |title=Deep South: Four Seasons on Back Roads |location=London, UK |publisher=Hamish Hamilton |pages=78–79 |isbn=9780241146729|title-link=Deep South: Four Seasons on Back Roads }}</ref>

==Publishing history==
The book was originally published in November 1937 by Modern Age Books in New York.<ref>Caldwell, Erskine; Bourke-White, Margaret (1937). ''You Have Seen Their Faces''. Modern Age Books. {{OCLC|2000268}}.</ref> It was reprinted with a new introduction by Caldwell in 1975 by Arno Press in New York.<ref>Caldwell, Erskine; Bourke-White, Margaret (1975). ''You Have Seen Their Faces''. University of Georgia Press. {{ISBN|9780405067693}}. {{OCLC|1023587787}}.</ref> Brown Thrasher Books of the University of Georgia Press in Athens, Georgia, republished it with a new foreword by American historian [[Alan Trachtenberg]] in 1995.<ref>Caldwell, Erskine; Bourke-White, Margaret; Trachtenberg, Alan (1995). ''You Have Seen Their Faces''. University of Georgia Press. {{ISBN|9780820316918}}. {{OCLC|31172869}}.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Ravela, Christian (2020) [https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ams.2020.0001 "On the Weird Nostalgia of Whiteness: Poor Whites, White Death, and Black Suffering"]. ''American Studies''. 59 (1): 27-52. {{subscription required}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010725200312/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CLASS/am485_98/coe/Faces.html University of Virginia] – photos by Margaret Bourke-White

{{Erskine Caldwell}}

[[Category:1937 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books about the United States]]
[[Category:Viking Press books]]
[[Category:Works by Erskine Caldwell]]
[[Category:Books of photographs]]
[[Category:Margaret Bourke-White]]