View source for Ya'an

{{distinguish|Yan'an}}
{{Redirect|Yaan|text=For the film, see [[Yaan (film)]]}}
{{coord|30.0100|N|103.0415|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-51_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=t}}<!--Government coords-->
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|name                   = Ya'an
|official_name          = <!-- Official name in Enlgish if different from 'name' -->
|other_name             =
|native_name            = 雅安市
|native_name_lang = zh
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        =[[Prefecture-level city]]
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| image1 = Ya'an, August 2020.jpg
| caption1 = [[Qingyi River (Sichuan)|Qingyi River]] in [[Yucheng District]]
| image2 = 201908 Yazhou Covered Bridge.jpg
| caption2= Yazhou Covered Bridge
| image3 = 茶马古道甘露灵泉院石牌坊.jpg
| caption3 =  Stone Archway of Ganlu Lingquan Temple
| image4 = GulucunTramwayWestStation.jpg
| caption4 = [[Gulucun Cable Car|Gulu Village]] in [[Hanyuan County]]
| image5 = Shangli Ancient Town 10 50 49 689000.jpeg
| caption5 = Shangli Ancient Town
| image6 = Erlang Mountain Tunnel (G318).jpg
| caption6 = [[Mount Erlang Tunnel]] of [[China National Highway 318]]
| image7 = 雅西高速-干海子大桥 - panoramio.jpg
| caption7 = Ganhaizi Bridge of [[G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway|G5 Expressway]] in [[Shimian County]]
| image8 = 牛背山云瀑 - Waterfall of Clouds - 2012.10 - panoramio.jpg
| caption8= [[Minya Konka]] from Niubei Mountains
}}
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|image_map              = Sichuan subdivisions - Ya'an.svg
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|map_caption            = Location of Ya'an City jurisdiction in Sichuan
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|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Province (China)|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Sichuan]]
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|seat_type              = Municipal seat
|seat                   = [[Yucheng District]]
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<!-- Area    --------------------->
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|area_total_km2           =15,213.28<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
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<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
|elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
|elevation_m            = 580
|elevation_max_m            = 
|elevation_min_m            = 
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of               =2020
|population_footnotes           =<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-26|title=|script-title=zh:四川省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）|trans-title=Seventh National Census of Sichuan Province Report (Number Two)|url=http://tjj.sc.gov.cn/scstjj/tjgb/2021/5/26/68cf8ce902a44c389e72591bd5a31ca2.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914184522/http://tjj.sc.gov.cn/scstjj/tjgb/2021/5/26/68cf8ce902a44c389e72591bd5a31ca2.shtml|archive-date=2021-09-14|access-date=2021-09-14|publisher=Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Statistics|language=zh}}</ref>
|population_note                =
|population_total               =1434603
|population_density_km2         =auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
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|population_density_urban_km2   =
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|demographics_type2   = GDP<ref>{{cite book |author=四川省统计局、国家统计局四川调查总队 |title=《四川统计年鉴－2016》|year=2016 |publisher=[[China Statistics Press]] |isbn=978-7-5037-7871-1}}</ref>
|demographics2_title1 = Total
|demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 50.3 billion<br />[[US$]] 8.1 billion  
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 32,524<br />US$ 5,222  
<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone               = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
|utc_offset             = +8
|coor_pinpoint = Ya'an Bureau of Civil Affairs ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|雅安市民政局}})
|coordinates            = {{coord|29.979|N|103.017|E|type:landmark_region:CN-51_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=i}}
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type       =[[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
|postal_code            =625000
|area_code              =0835
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-SC-18]]
|blank_name             =[[Vehicle registration plates of China|Licence plate prefixes]]
|blank_info             ={{lang|zh-cn|川T}}
|website = {{URL|www.yaan.gov.cn/htm/index.htm}}
|footnotes              = 
}} 
'''Ya'an''' ({{lang-zh|s=雅安|p=Yǎ'ān|w=Ya-an}}) is a [[prefecture-level city]] in the western part of [[Sichuan]] province, China, located just below the [[Tibetan Plateau]]. The city is home to [[Sichuan Agricultural University]], the only [[Project 211|211 Project]] university and the largest regional comprehensive university in Ya'an. As of the [[2020 Chinese census]], Ya'an has a population of 1,434,603.<ref name=":1" />

==History==
[[File:Gao Yi Que5.jpg|thumb|A surviving element of the ''[[que (tower)]]'' (gate tower) at the Tomb of Gao Yi, ca. 209 CE<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4gNk5HzIIKgC&pg=PA31 Chinese steles: pre-Buddhist and Buddhist use of a symbolic form], p. 209</ref>]]
[[File:YaanBridgeOldBridge2.jpg|thumb|A bridge with ancient Chinese architectural features, across [[Qingyi River (Sichuan)|Qingyi River]], at town centre of Ya'an]]
Previously known as Yazhou-fu, the city is first mentioned during the [[Zhou dynasty]] (1122–255 BCE). It served as a county seat during the [[Qing dynasty|Qin]] and [[Han dynasty|Han]] dynasties, but was subsequently taken by nomadic tribes. After being reintegrated into the Chinese Empire in the late 5th century, it was made the seat of the ''Ya Prefecture'' in 604. The modern Ya'an county was established in 1912. It became the provincial capital of [[Xikang]] province in 1951, 
but has been a municipality under the administration of [[Sichuan]] province since 1955, when [[Xikang]] province was merged and became a part of [[Sichuan]] province.

The first [[giant panda]] was found in [[Baoxing County]] of Ya'an{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}; Ya'an is also the origin of artificial planting [[tea]] of the world{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}; Mengding Mountain in [[Mingshan County]], has been keeping seven tea trees, which are believed to be the origins of tea, for more than 1,000 years{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}.

{{Blockquote|"The busy little town [of Yaan] was full of life, for its market is the only trading centre for the Chinese and Tibetans from [[Kangting]]. Accompanied by two coolies, I crossed the long suspension bridge which oscillates alarmingly over the Ya Ho. I got separated from my coolies in the dense crowd which swarmed along the main street, but in the end found them, and my luggage, at the Catholic mission, where two venerable fathers welcomed me with the flowery courtesy of mandarins...

Yaan is the main market for a special kind of tea which is grown in this part of the country and exported in very large quantities to Tibet via [[Kangting]] and over the caravan routes through [[Batang, Sichuan|Batang]] (Paan) and Teko. Although the Chinese regard it as an inferior product, it is greatly esteemed by the Tibetans for its powerful flavor, which harmonizes particularly well with that of yak butter and salt which Tibetans often mix with their tea. [[Brick tea]] comprises not only what we call tea leaves, but also the coarser leaves and some of the twigs of the shrub, as well as the leaves and fruit of other plants and trees (the alder, for instance). This amalgam is steamed, weighed, and compressed into hard bricks, which are packed up in coarse matting in subunits of four. These rectangular parcels weigh between twenty-two and twenty-six pounds—the quality of the tea makes a slight difference to the weight—and are carried to Kangting by coolies. A long string of them, moving slowly under their monstrous burdens of tea, was a familiar sight along the road I followed."<ref>[[André Migot|Migot, André]] (1955). ''Tibetan Marches''. Translated by Peter Fleming. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., U.S.A., pp. 59-60.</ref>
|[[André Migot]]|''Tibetan Marches'' (1955). Translated by [[Peter Fleming (writer)|Peter Fleming]]}}

[[Panda tea]] is also a local speciality.

On April 20, 2013, the city was hit by a major [[2013 Lushan earthquake|earthquake]], causing numerous casualties and heavy damage to housing and infrastructure.

==Geography==
[[File:Ethnic townships in Sentral Sichuan Yaan and Garze.png|thumb|Light green -Yi. Pink -Tibetan.]]
Ya'an is located at the western edge of the [[Sichuan Basin]] and on the upper reaches of the [[Yangtze]], covering the transition between the [[Chengdu Plain]] and the Tibetan Plateau. Its latitude ranges from 28° 51′ 10″ — 30° 56′ 40″ N and its longitude from 101° 56′ 26″—103° 23′ 28″ E. Neighbouring prefectures are, starting from the northeast and moving counter-clockwise, [[Chengdu]] (NE), [[Meishan]] (E), [[Leshan]] (SE), [[Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture]] (S), [[Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]] (W), and [[Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture]] (N). With an area of {{convert|15300|sqkm|sigfig=3}} and 
a population of 1,530,000,
<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.yaan.gov.cn/yazc/yazcxwzx.nsf/zjyapage1?OpenPage Profile of Ya'an], official website of Ya'an Government, visited on May 12, 2008.</ref> The city is encircled by mountains, and four rivers flow through it.

Its distance to [[Chengdu]] is {{convert|140|km|mi}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ng|first=Teddy|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1220153/yaan-city-tea-and-pandas-and-historic-gateway-tibet-and-beyond|title=Yaan, city of tea and pandas and historic gateway to Tibet and beyond |newspaper=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=2013-04-22|accessdate=2022-06-06}}</ref>

==Climate==
Ya'an has a [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa'') and is largely mild and humid. The presence of the mountains to the northwest greatly affects the city's climate. In the short winters, they help shield the city from cold [[Siberian High|Siberian winds]]. January averages {{convert|6.3|°C|1}}, and while frost may occur, snow is rare. Summers are hot and humid, with highs often reaching {{convert|30|°C}}, yet extended heat waves are rare; the daily average in July and August is around {{convert|25|°C}}. Rainfall is common year-round, though in winter it tends to be light, and is particularly heavy in summer, when warm, humid southerly or southeasterly winds blow against the mountains, causing [[orographic lift]] to occur, enhancing rainfall. With nearly {{convert|1700|mm|0}} of rainfall occurring on 213 days per year, Ya'an is also known as the "Rain City".<ref name = "City Intro">{{cite web |url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101271701.shtml? |script-title=zh:雅安城市介绍 |publisher = Weather China |language = zh-hans |access-date = 2011-05-30}}</ref> In addition, rain often falls at night, so fog is not a common occurrence.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Ya'an, elevation {{convert|628|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000)
|Jan high C = 	9.6
|Feb high C = 	12.3
|Mar high C = 	17.1
|Apr high C = 	22.8
|May high C = 	26.2
|Jun high C = 	28.5
|Jul high C = 	30.4
|Aug high C = 	30.1
|Sep high C = 	25.4
|Oct high C = 	20.5
|Nov high C = 	16.0
|Dec high C = 	10.9
|Jan mean C = 	6.4
|Feb mean C = 	8.6
|Mar mean C = 	12.6
|Apr mean C = 	17.6
|May mean C = 	21.1
|Jun mean C = 	23.7
|Jul mean C = 	25.5
|Aug mean C = 	25.2
|Sep mean C = 	21.5
|Oct mean C = 	17.0
|Nov mean C = 	12.8
|Dec mean C = 	7.9
|year mean C = 	
|Jan low C = 	4.4
|Feb low C = 	6.2
|Mar low C = 	9.6
|Apr low C = 	14.1
|May low C = 	17.7
|Jun low C = 	20.5
|Jul low C = 	22.4
|Aug low C = 	22.2
|Sep low C = 	19.1
|Oct low C = 	14.9
|Nov low C = 	10.7
|Dec low C = 	5.9
|Jan record high C = 18.2
|Feb record high C = 22.1
|Mar record high C = 27.7
|Apr record high C = 33.2
|May record high C = 35.1
|Jun record high C = 34.9
|Jul record high C = 35.2
|Aug record high C = 35.4
|Sep record high C = 34.9
|Oct record high C = 28.7
|Nov record high C = 24.5
|Dec record high C = 19.6
|Jan record low C = −2.8
|Feb record low C = −1.6
|Mar record low C = −0.7
|Apr record low C =  3.2
|May record low C = 10.0
|Jun record low C = 14.3
|Jul record low C = 17.1
|Aug record low C = 16.6
|Sep record low C = 12.9
|Oct record low C =  4.8
|Nov record low C =  1.2
|Dec record low C = −3.9
|precipitation colour = green	
|Jan precipitation mm = 	19.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 	30.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 	53.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 	94.6
|May precipitation mm = 	137.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 	177.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 	348.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 	442.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 	176.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 	98.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 	47.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 	22.4
|Jan humidity = 	79
|Feb humidity = 	78
|Mar humidity = 	75
|Apr humidity = 	73
|May humidity = 	72
|Jun humidity = 	75
|Jul humidity = 	78
|Aug humidity = 	79
|Sep humidity = 	82
|Oct humidity = 	84
|Nov humidity = 	82
|Dec humidity = 	81
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm	
|Jan precipitation days = 	13.9
|Feb precipitation days = 	14.2
|Mar precipitation days = 	17.3
|Apr precipitation days = 	17.2
|May precipitation days = 	17.7
|Jun precipitation days = 	18.9
|Jul precipitation days = 	19.0
|Aug precipitation days = 	18.6
|Sep precipitation days = 	20.2
|Oct precipitation days = 	21.1
|Nov precipitation days = 	15.6
|Dec precipitation days = 	13.7
|year precipitation days = 	
|Jan sun = 	42.9
|Feb sun = 	46.9
|Mar sun = 	76.2
|Apr sun = 	101.9
|May sun = 	102.2
|Jun sun = 	93.4
|Jul sun = 	118.1
|Aug sun = 	125.6
|Sep sun = 	58.3
|Oct sun = 	42.2
|Nov sun = 	47.4
|Dec sun = 	46.2
|year sun = 	
| Jan percentsun = 	13
| Feb percentsun = 	15
| Mar percentsun = 	20
| Apr percentsun = 	26
| May percentsun = 	24
| Jun percentsun = 	22
| Jul percentsun = 	28
| Aug percentsun = 	31
| Sep percentsun = 	16
| Oct percentsun = 	12
| Nov percentsun = 	15
| Dec percentsun = 	15
| year percentsun =	
|Jan snow days = 	2.1
|Feb snow days = 	0.7
|Mar snow days = 	0
|Apr snow days = 	0
|May snow days = 	0.2
|Jun snow days = 	0.2
|Jul snow days = 	0.4
|Aug snow days = 	0.5
|Sep snow days = 	0.3
|Oct snow days = 	0.4
|Nov snow days = 	0.2
|Dec snow days = 	0.5
|year snow days = 	
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=17 September 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =17 September 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref>
| source 2 = Weather China<ref name = Clim>{{cite web
| url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101271701.shtml?
| script-title=zh:雅安 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 
| publisher = Weather China
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 21 November 2022}}</ref>
}}

==Administrative subdivisions==
{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:90%;" align=center
!colspan="6" align="center" | Map
|-
|colspan="6" align="center" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Ya'an.png|width=370|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=1060|y=1250|scale=370/1560|text=[[Yucheng District|'''Yucheng''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1270|y=1020|scale=370/1560|text=[[Mingshan District, Ya'an|'''Mingshan''']]}}
{{Image label|x=710|y=1450|scale=370/1560|text=[[Yingjing County|'''Yingjing<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=650|y=1800|scale=370/1560|text=[[Hanyuan County|'''Hanyuan<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=320|y=2100|scale=370/1560|text=[[Shimian County|'''Shimian<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=620|y=1070|scale=370/1560|text=[[Tianquan County|'''Tianquan<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1100|y=620|scale=370/1560|text=[[Lushan County, Sichuan|'''Lushan<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=740|y=460|scale=370/1560|text=[[Baoxing County|'''Baoxing<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
! Name
! [[Hanzi]]
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]
! Population (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |title=雅安市第七次全国人口普查公报 （第二号） - 雅安市人民政府|trans-title=the Seventh National Population Census Bulletin of Ya'an City(No. 2)  |url=https://www.yaan.gov.cn/gongkai/show/20210610083600-24640-00-000.html|language=zh|access-date=2024-02-02 |website=www.yaan.gov.cn}}</ref>
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density (/km<sup>2</sup>)
|----------
|[[Yucheng District]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|雨城区}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Yǔchéng Qū}}
|368,909
|1,060
|348
|----------
|[[Mingshan District, Ya'an|Mingshan District]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|名山区}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Míngshān Qū}}
|254,632
|614
|415
|---------
|[[Yingjing County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|荥经县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Yíngjīng Xiàn}}
|131,491
|1,781
|74
|----------
|[[Hanyuan County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|汉源县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Hànyuán Xiàn}}
|285,558
|2,349
|122
|----------
|[[Shimian County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|石棉县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Shímián Xiàn}}
|114,116
|2,678
|43
|----------
|[[Tianquan County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|天全县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Tiānquán Xiàn}}
|132,033
|2,394
|55
|---------- 
|[[Lushan County, Sichuan|Lushan County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|芦山县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Lúshān Xiàn}}
|99,824
|1,364
|73
|----------
|[[Baoxing County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|宝兴县}}
|{{Transliteration|zh|Bǎoxīng Xiàn}}
|48,040
|3,114
|15
|}

== Tourism and culture ==
[[File:猫猫3_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Giant panda at Bifengxia Panda Base]]
Tourism forms an important parts of the economy of Ya'an.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hung|first1=Jason C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G87SDwAAQBAJ&dq=ya%27an+tourism&pg=PA1249|title=Frontier Computing: Theory, Technologies and Applications (FC 2019)|last2=Yen|first2=Neil Y.|last3=Chang|first3=Jia-Wei|date=2020-02-25|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-981-15-3250-4|language=en}}</ref> The city is home to the [[Bifengxia Panda Base]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ya'an Bifengxia Panda Base {{!}} Ya'an, China Attractions|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/ya-an/attractions/yaan-bifengxia-panda-base/a/poi-sig/1241087/1337772|access-date=2021-10-04|website=Lonely Planet|language=en}}</ref> The first panda specimen known to the western world was from Ya'an discovered by the [[Congregation of the Mission|Lazarist]] missionary [[Armand David]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=郭凯|title=Panda lovers find paradise on expressway to Ya'an|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202106/22/WS60d13db4a31024ad0baca901.html|access-date=2021-10-04|website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref>

The city is also famous for [[Schizothorax prenanti|Ya fish]], which is used in local cuisine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The unique fish in Ya'an, Sichuan is known as the three must-sees in Ya'an: Yayu|url=https://inf.news/en/food/c3b3bb87a4db116a0dc1d9b7cd30d12e.html}}</ref> Ya'an is also the production base of [[Compressed tea|Tibetan brick tea]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=MacIntyre|first1=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CAQHEAAAQBAJ&dq=ya%27an+tea&pg=PA766|title=The 2020 International Conference on Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics for IoT Security and Privacy: SPIoT-2020, Volume 1|last2=Zhao|first2=Jinghua|last3=Ma|first3=Xiaomeng|date=2021|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-030-62743-0|language=en}}</ref>

== Transport ==
*[[China National Highway 318]]
*[[G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway]]
*[[G4218 Yaye Expressway]]
*[[G93 Chengyu Ring Expressway]]
*[[Sichuan–Tibet railway]] Chengdu-Ya'an section
*[[Ya'an railway station]] on the [[Sichuan–Tibet railway]]

==See also==
* [[Baoxing County]]
* [[Xikang]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., 2005
*Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2011). China's Ancient Tea Horse Road. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B005DQV7Q2

==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Yachow-fu}}{{commons category|Ya'an}}{{Wiktionary|Ya'an|Ya-an}}
*[http://www.yaan.gov.cn/ Official website of Ya'an Government]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100421063908/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/05/tea-horse-road/jenkins-text/2 National Geographic Magazine, Tea Horse Road]

{{Sichuan topics}}
{{Sichuan}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ya'an| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Sichuan]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Sichuan]]