View source for X-SAMPA

{{Short description|Remapping of the IPA into ASCII}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2016}}
{{IPA notice}}
The '''Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet''' ('''X-SAMPA''') is a variant of [[SAMPA]] developed in 1995 by [[John C. Wells]], professor of [[phonetics]] at [[University College London]].<ref name="SAMPA-PDF">{{cite web|last1=Wells|first1=J.C.|title=Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA|url=https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/ipasam-x.pdf|website=UCL Phonetics and Linguistics|publisher=University College London|access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref> It is designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the 1993 version of [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA). The result is a SAMPA-inspired remapping of the IPA into 7-bit [[ASCII]].

SAMPA was devised as a [[Kludge#Computer science|hack]] to work around the inability of [[text encoding]]s to represent IPA symbols. Later, as [[Unicode]] support for IPA symbols became more widespread, the necessity for a separate, computer-readable system for representing the IPA in ASCII decreased. However, X-SAMPA is still useful as the basis for an [[input method]] for true IPA.

== Summary ==
=== Notes ===
* The IPA symbols that are ordinary lower case letters have the same value in X-SAMPA as they do in the IPA.
* X-SAMPA uses [[backslash]]es as modifying suffixes to create new symbols. For example, '''<code>[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|O]]</code>''' is a distinct sound from '''<code>[[Bilabial click|O\]]</code>''', to which it bears no relation. Such use of the backslash character can be a problem, since many programs interpret it as an [[escape character]] for the character following it. For example, such X-SAMPA symbols do not work in [[EMU (speech database system)|EMU]], so  backslashes must be replaced with some other symbol (e.g., an [[asterisk]]: '*') when adding phonemic transcription to an EMU speech database. The backslash has no fixed meaning.
* X-SAMPA diacritics follow the symbols they modify.  Except for '''<code>~</code>''' for [[nasalization]], '''<code>=</code>''' for [[Syllabic consonant|syllabicity]], and '''<code>`</code>''' for [[retroflexion]] and [[r-colored vowel|rhotacization]], diacritics are joined to the character with the underscore character '''<code>_</code>'''.
* The underscore character is also used to encode the IPA [[Tie (typography)|tiebar]]: <code>k_p</code> codes for {{IPA|/k͡p/}}.
* The numbers <code>_1</code> to <code>_6</code> are reserved diacritics as shorthand for language-specific tone numbers.
* The [[IETF language tag]]s registry has assigned {{code|fonxsamp}} as the subtag for text transcribed in X-SAMPA.<ref name="IETF">{{cite web |title=Language Subtag Registry |url=https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry |publisher=IETF |access-date=12 November 2022 |format=text |date=2022-08-08}}</ref>

=== Lower-case symbols ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! X-SAMPA !! IPA !! IPA image!! Description !! Examples
|-
| <code>{{lang|und-fonxsamp|a|italic=no}}</code> || {{IPA|a}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0061.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open front unrounded vowel]] || French {{lang|fr|d'''a'''me}} <code>{{lang|fr-fonxsamp|[dam]|italic=no}}</code>
|-
| <code>{{lang|und-fonxsamp|b|italic=no}}</code> || {{IPA|b}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0062.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced bilabial plosive]] || English '''''b'''ed'' <code>{{lang|en-fonxsamp|[bEd]|italic=no}}</code>, French {{lang|fr|'''b'''on}} <code>{{lang|fr-fonxsamp|[bO~]|italic=no}}</code>
|-
| <code>b_<</code> || {{IPA|ɓ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0253.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced bilabial implosive]] || Sindhi {{IPA|ɓarʊ}} [<code>b_<arU</code>]
|-
| <code>c</code> || {{IPA|c}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0063.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless palatal plosive]] || Hungarian {{lang|hu|la'''ty'''ak}} <code>["lQcQk]</code>
|-
| <code>d</code> || {{IPA|d}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0064.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced alveolar plosive]] || English '''''d'''ig'' <code>[dIg]</code>, French {{lang|fr|'''d'''oigt}} <code>[dwa]</code>
|-
| <code>d`</code> || {{IPA|ɖ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0256.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced retroflex plosive]] || Swedish {{lang|sv|ho'''rd'''}} <code>[hu:d`]</code>
|-
| <code>d_<</code> || {{IPA|ɗ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0257.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced alveolar implosive]] || Sindhi {{IPA|ɗarʊ}} [<code>d_<arU</code>]
|-
| <code>e</code> || {{IPA|e}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0065.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close-mid front unrounded vowel]] || French {{lang|fr|bl'''é'''}} <code>[ble]</code>
|-
| <code>f</code> || {{IPA|f}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0066.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless labiodental fricative]] || English '''''f'''ive'' <code>[faIv]</code>, French {{lang|fr|'''f'''emme}} <code>[fam]</code>
|-
| <code>g</code> || {{IPA|ɡ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0261.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced velar plosive]] || English '''''g'''ame'' <code>[geIm]</code>, French {{lang|fr|lon'''gu'''e}} <code>[lO~g]</code>
|-
| <code>g_<</code> || {{IPA|ɠ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0260.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced velar implosive]] || Sindhi {{IPA|ɠəro}} [<code>g_<@ro</code>]
|-
| <code>h</code> || {{IPA|h}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0068.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless glottal fricative]] || English '''''h'''ouse'' <code>[haUs]</code>
|- 
| <code>h\</code> || {{IPA|ɦ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0266.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced glottal fricative]] || Czech {{lang|cs|hrad}} <code>[h\rat]</code>
|-
| <code>i</code> || {{IPA|i}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0069.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close front unrounded vowel]] || English ''b'''e''''' <code>[bi:]</code>, French {{lang|fr|ou'''i'''}} <code>[wi]</code>, Spanish {{lang|es|s'''i'''}} <code>[si]</code>
|-
| <code>j</code> || {{IPA|j}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x006A.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[palatal approximant]] || English '''''y'''es'' <code>[jEs]</code>, French {{lang|fr|'''y'''eux}} <code>[j2]</code>
|-
| <code>j\</code> || {{IPA|ʝ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x029D.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced palatal fricative]] || Greek {{lang|el|'''γ'''ειά}} <code>[j\a]</code>
|-
| <code>k</code> || {{IPA|k}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x006B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless velar plosive]] || English ''s'''k'''ip'' <code>[skIp]</code>, Spanish {{lang|es|'''c'''arro}} <code>["karo]</code>
|-
| <code>l</code> || {{IPA|l}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x006C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[alveolar lateral approximant]] || English '''''l'''ay'' <code>[leI]</code>, French {{lang|fr|ma'''l'''}} <code>[mal]</code>
|- 
| <code>l`</code> || {{IPA|ɭ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x026D.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[retroflex lateral approximant]] || Svealand Swedish {{lang|sv|so'''rl'''}} <code>[so:l`]</code>
|- 
| <code>l\</code> || {{IPA|ɺ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x027A.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[alveolar lateral flap]] || Wayuu {{lang|guc|püü'''l'''ükü}} <code>[pM:l\MkM]</code>
|-
| <code>m</code> || {{IPA|m}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x006D.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[bilabial nasal]] || English '''''m'''ouse'' <code>[maUs]</code>, French {{lang|fr|ho'''mm'''e}} <code>[Om]</code>
|-
| <code>n</code> || {{IPA|n}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x006E.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[alveolar nasal]] || English '''''n'''ap'' <code>[n{p]</code>, French {{lang|fr|'''n'''on}} <code>[nO~]</code>
|-
| <code>n`</code> || {{IPA|ɳ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0273.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[retroflex nasal]] || Swedish {{lang|sv|hö'''rn'''}} <code>[h2:n`]</code>
|-
| <code>o</code> || {{IPA|o}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x006F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close-mid back rounded vowel]] || French {{lang|fr|v'''eau'''}} <code>[vo]</code>
|-
| <code>p</code> || {{IPA|p}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0070.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless bilabial plosive]] || English ''s'''p'''eak'' <code>[spik]</code>, French {{lang|fr|'''p'''ose}} <code>[poz]</code>, Spanish {{lang|es|'''p'''erro}} <code>["pero]</code>
|-
| <code>p\</code> || {{IPA|ɸ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0278.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless bilabial fricative]] || Japanese {{Transliteration|ja|hepburn|'''f'''uku}} <code>[p\M_0kM]</code>
|-
| <code>q</code> || {{IPA|q}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0071.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless uvular plosive]] || Arabic {{Transliteration|ar|'''q'''asbah}} <code>["qQs_Gba]</code>
|-
| <code>r</code> || {{IPA|r}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0072.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[alveolar trill]] || Spanish {{lang|es|pe'''rr'''o}} <code>["pero]</code>
|-
| <code>r`</code> || {{IPA|ɽ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x027D.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[retroflex flap]] || Bengali {{Transliteration|bn|ga'''r'''i}} <code>[gar`i:]</code>
|-
| <code>r\</code> || {{IPA|ɹ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0279.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[alveolar approximant]] || English '''''r'''ed'' <code>[r\Ed]</code>
|-
| <code>r\`</code> || {{IPA|ɻ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x027B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[retroflex approximant]] || Malayalam {{lang|ml|വഴി}} <code>["v@r\`i]</code>
|-
| <code>s</code> || {{IPA|s}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0073.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless alveolar fricative]] || English '''''s'''eem'' <code>[si:m]</code>, French {{lang|fr|'''s'''e'''ss'''ion}} <code>[sE"sjO~]</code>
|-
| <code>s`</code> || {{IPA|ʂ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0282.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless retroflex fricative]] || Swedish {{lang|sv|ma'''rs'''}} <code>[mas`]</code>
|-
| <code>s\</code> || {{IPA|ɕ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0255.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative]] || Polish {{lang|pl|'''ś'''wierszcz}} <code>[s\v'ers`ts`]</code>
|-
| <code>t</code> || {{IPA|t}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0074.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless alveolar plosive]] || English ''s'''t'''ew'' <code>[stju:]</code>, French {{lang|fr|ra'''t'''é}} <code>[Ra"te]</code>
|-
| <code>t`</code> || {{IPA|ʈ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0288.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless retroflex plosive]] || Swedish {{lang|sv|mö'''rt'''}} <code>[m2t`]</code>
|-
| <code>u</code> || {{IPA|u}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0075.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close back rounded vowel]] || English ''b'''oo'''m'' <code>[bu:m]</code>, Spanish {{lang|es|s'''u'''}} <code>[su]</code>
|-
| <code>v</code> || {{IPA|v}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0076.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced labiodental fricative]] || English '''''v'''est'' <code>[vEst]</code>, French {{lang|fr|'''v'''oix}} <code>[vwa]</code>
|-
| <code>v\</code> (or <code>P</code>) || {{IPA|ʋ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x028B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[labiodental approximant]] || Dutch {{lang|nl|'''w'''est}} <code>[v\Est]</code>/<code>[PEst]</code> 
|-
| <code>w</code> || {{IPA|w}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0077.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[labial-velar approximant]] || English '''''w'''est'' <code>[wEst]</code>, French {{lang|fr|'''ou'''i}} <code>[wi]</code>
|-
| <code>x</code> || {{IPA|x}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0078.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless velar fricative]] || Scots {{lang|sco|lo'''ch'''}} <code>[lOx]</code> or <code>[5Ox]</code>; German {{lang|de|Bu'''ch'''}}, {{lang|de|Da'''ch'''}}; Spanish {{lang|es|ca'''j'''a}}, {{lang|es|'''g'''estión}}
|-
| <code>x\</code> || {{IPA|ɧ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0267.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless palatal-velar fricative]] || Swedish {{lang|sv|'''sj'''al}} <code>[x\A:l]</code>
|-
| <code>y</code> || {{IPA|y}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0079.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close front rounded vowel]] || French {{lang|fr|t'''u'''}} <code>[ty]</code> German {{lang|de|'''ü'''ber}} <code>["y:b6]</code>
|-
| <code>z</code> || {{IPA|z}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x007A.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced alveolar fricative]] || English '''''z'''oo'' <code>[zu:]</code>, French {{lang|fr|a'''z'''ote}} <code>[a"zOt]</code>
|-
| <code>z`</code> || {{IPA|ʐ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0290.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced retroflex fricative]] || Mandarin Chinese {{Transliteration|cmn|pinyin|'''r'''ang}} <code>[z`aN]</code>
|-
| <code>z\</code> || {{IPA|ʑ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0291.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced alveolo-palatal fricative]] || Polish {{lang|pl|'''ź'''rebak}} <code>["z\rEbak]</code>
|}

=== Upper-case symbols ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! X-SAMPA !! IPA !! IPA image !! Description !! Example
|- 
| <code>{{lang|und-fonxsamp|A|italic=no}}</code> || {{IPA|ɑ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0251.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open back unrounded vowel]] || English ''f'''a'''ther'' [<code>"fA:D@</code>(<code>r\</code>)] (RP and Gen.Am.)
|-
| <code>B</code> || {{IPA|β}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x03B2.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced bilabial fricative]] || Spanish {{lang|es|la'''v'''ar}} <code>[la"Ba4]</code>
|- 
| <code>B\</code> || {{IPA|ʙ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0299.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[bilabial trill]] || Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr")
|- 
| <code>C</code> || {{IPA|ç}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x00E7.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless palatal fricative]] || German {{lang|de|i'''ch'''}} <code>[IC]</code>, English '''''h'''uman'' <code>["Cjum@n]</code> (broad transcription uses [<code>hj</code>-])
|- 
| <code>D</code> || {{IPA|ð}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x00F0.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced dental fricative]] || English '''''th'''en'' <code>[DEn]</code>
|-
| <code>E</code> || {{IPA|ɛ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x025B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open-mid front unrounded vowel]] || French {{lang|fr|m'''ê'''me}} <code>[mE:m]</code>, English ''m'''e'''t'' <code>[mEt]</code> (RP and Gen.Am.)
|-
| <code>F</code> || {{IPA|ɱ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0271.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[labiodental nasal]] || English ''e'''m'''phasis'' <code>["EFf@sIs]</code> (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [<code>Emf</code>-])
|-
| <code>G</code> || {{IPA|ɣ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0263.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced velar fricative]] || Greek {{lang|el|'''γ'''ωνία}} <code>[Go"nia]</code>
|- 
| <code>G\</code> || {{IPA|ɢ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0262.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced uvular plosive]] || Inuktitut {{lang|iu-Latn|ni'''r'''ivvik}} <code>[niG\ivvik]</code>
|-
| <code>G\_<</code> || {{IPA|ʛ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x029B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced uvular implosive]] || Mam {{IPA|ʛa}} [<code>G\_<a</code>]
|-
| <code>H</code> || {{IPA|ɥ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0265.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[labial-palatal approximant]] || French {{lang|fr|h'''u'''it}} <code>[Hit]</code>
|- 
| <code>H\</code> || {{IPA|ʜ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x029C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless epiglottal fricative]] || Agul {{lang|agx|ме'''хӀ'''}} <code>[mEH\]</code>
|-
| <code>I</code> || {{IPA|ɪ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x026A.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[near-close front unrounded vowel]] || English ''k'''i'''t'' <code>[kIt]</code>
|-
| <code>I\</code> || {{IPA|ᵻ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x1D7B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[near-close central unrounded vowel]] (non-IPA) || Polish {{lang|pl|r'''y'''ba}} <code>[rI\bA]</code>&nbsp; 
|- 
| <code>J</code> || {{IPA|ɲ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0272.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[palatal nasal]] || Spanish {{lang|es|a'''ñ'''o}} <code>["aJo]</code>, English ''ca'''ny'''on'' <code>["k{J@n]</code> (broad transcription uses [-<code>nj</code>-])
|-
| <code>J\</code> || {{IPA|ɟ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x025F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced palatal plosive]] || Hungarian {{lang|hu|e'''gy'''}} <code>[EJ\]</code>
|-
| <code>J\_<</code> || {{IPA|ʄ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0284.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced palatal implosive]] || Sindhi {{IPA|ʄaro}} [<code>J\_<aro</code>]
|- 
| <code>K</code> || {{IPA|ɬ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x026C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative]] || Welsh {{lang|cy|'''ll'''aw}} <code>[KaU]</code>
|-
| <code>K\</code> || {{IPA|ɮ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x026E.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative]] || Mongolian {{lang|mn|до'''л'''оо}} <code>[tOK\O:]</code>
|-
| <code>L</code> || {{IPA|ʎ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x028E.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[palatal lateral approximant]] || Italian {{lang|it|fami'''gli'''a}} <code>[fa"miLLa]</code>, Castilian: {{lang|es|'''ll'''amar}} <code>[La"mar]</code>
|-
| <code>L\</code> || {{IPA|ʟ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x029F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[velar lateral approximant]] || Korean {{lang|ko|'''달'''구지}} <code>[t6L\gudz\i]</code>
|- 
| <code>M</code> || {{IPA|ɯ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x026F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close back unrounded vowel]] || Korean {{lang|ko|'''음'''식}} <code>[M:ms\_hik_}]</code>
|-
| <code>M\</code> || {{IPA|ɰ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0270.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[velar approximant]] || Spanish {{lang|es|fue'''g'''o}} <code>["fweM\o]</code>
|- 
| <code>N</code> || {{IPA|ŋ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x014B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[velar nasal]] || English ''thi'''ng''''' <code>[TIN]</code>
|-
| <code>N\</code> || {{IPA|ɴ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0274.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[uvular nasal]] || Japanese {{lang|ja|さ'''ん'''}} {{Transliteration|ja|hepburn|sa'''n'''}} <code>[saN\]</code>
|-
| <code>O</code> || {{IPA|ɔ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0254.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open-mid back rounded vowel]] || American English '''''o'''ff'' <code>[O:f]</code>
|-
| <code>O\</code> || {{IPA|ʘ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0298.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[bilabial click]] || &nbsp; 
|-
| <code>P</code> (or <code>v\</code>) || {{IPA|ʋ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x028B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[labiodental approximant]] || Dutch {{lang|nl|'''w'''est}} <code>[PEst]</code>/<code>[v\Est]</code>, allophone of English phoneme <code>/r\/</code>
|- 
| <code>Q</code> || {{IPA|ɒ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0252.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open back rounded vowel]] || RP ''l'''o'''t'' <code>[lQt]</code>
|-
| <code>R</code> || {{IPA|ʁ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0281.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced uvular fricative]] || German {{lang|de|'''r'''ein}} <code>[RaIn]</code>
|- 
| <code>R\</code> || {{IPA|ʀ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0280.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[uvular trill]] || French {{lang|fr|'''r'''oi}} <code>[R\wa]</code>
|- 
| <code>S</code> || {{IPA|ʃ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0283.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless postalveolar fricative]] || English '''''sh'''ip'' <code>[SIp]</code>
|-
| <code>T</code> || {{IPA|θ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x03B8.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless dental fricative]] || English '''''th'''in'' <code>[TIn]</code>
|-
| <code>U</code> || {{IPA|ʊ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x028A.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[near-close back rounded vowel]] || English ''f'''oo'''t'' <code>[fUt]</code>
|- 
| <code>U\</code> || {{IPA|ᵿ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x1D7F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[near-close central rounded vowel]] (non-IPA) || English  ''e'''u'''phoria'' <code>[jU\"fO@r\i@]</code>
|-
| <code>V</code> || {{IPA|ʌ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x028C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open-mid back unrounded vowel]] || Scottish English ''str'''u'''t'' <code>[str\Vt]</code>
|-
| <code>W</code> || {{IPA|ʍ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x028D.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless labial-velar fricative]] || Scots {{lang|sco|'''wh'''en}} <code>[WEn]</code>
|- 
| <code>X</code> || {{IPA|χ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x03C7.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless uvular fricative]] || Klallam {{IPA|sχaʔqʷaʔ}} <code>[sXa?q_wa?]</code>
|- 
| <code>X\</code> || {{IPA|ħ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0127.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless pharyngeal fricative]] || Arabic {{lang|ar|ح}} {{Transliteration|ar|'''ḥ'''āʾ}} <code>[X\A:]</code>
|-
| <code>Y</code> || {{IPA|ʏ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x028F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[near-close front rounded vowel]] || German {{lang|de|h'''ü'''bsch}} <code>[hYpS]</code>
|- 
| <code>Z</code> || {{IPA|ʒ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0292.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced postalveolar fricative]] || English ''vi'''s'''ion'' <code>["vIZ@n]</code>
|}

=== Other symbols ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! X-SAMPA !! IPA !! IPA image !! Description !! Example
|-
| <code>.</code> || {{IPA|.}} || [[File:Unicode 0x002E.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || syllable break || &nbsp; 
|-
| <code>"</code> || {{IPA|ˈ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02C8.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || primary [[lexical stress|stress]] || &nbsp;
|-
| <code>%</code> || {{IPA|ˌ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02CC.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[secondary stress]] || American English ''pro'''nun'''ciation'' <code>[pr\@%nVn.si."eI.S@n]</code>
|-
| <code>'</code> (or <code>_j</code>) || {{IPA|ʲ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02B2.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] || Russian {{lang|ru|Земля}} (Earth) <code>[z'I"ml'a]</code> or <code>[z_jI"ml_ja]</code> 
|-
| <code>:</code> || {{IPA|ː}} || [[File:Length sign.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || long || &nbsp;
|-
| <code>:\</code> || {{IPA|ˑ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02D1.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || half long || Estonian differentiates three [[vowel length]]s
|-
| <code>-</code> || || &nbsp; || separator || Polish {{lang|pl|'''trz'''y}} <code>[t-S1]</code> vs. {{lang|pl|'''cz'''y}} <code>[tS1]</code> (affricate)
|-
| <code>@</code> || {{IPA|ə}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0259.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[schwa]] || English '''''a'''ren'''a''''' <code>[@"r\i:n@]</code>
|-
| <code>@\</code> || {{IPA|ɘ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0258.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close-mid central unrounded vowel]] || Chuvash п'''ӗ'''ррехинче <code>[p@\rrEXints\E]</code>
|-
| <code>@`</code> || {{IPA|ɚ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x025A.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[r-colored vowel|r-coloured schwa]] || American English ''col'''or''''' <code>["kVl@`]</code>
|-
| <code>{</code> || {{IPA|æ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x00E6.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[near-open front unrounded vowel]] || English ''tr'''a'''p'' <code>[tr\{p]</code>
|-
| <code>}</code> || {{IPA|ʉ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0289.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close central rounded vowel]] || Swedish {{lang|sv|sj'''u'''}} <code>[x\}:]</code>; AuE/NZE ''b'''oo'''t'' <code>[b}:t]</code>
|- 
| <code>1</code> || {{IPA|ɨ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0268.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close central unrounded vowel]] || Welsh {{lang|cy|t'''u'''}} <code>[t1]</code>, American English ''ros'''e'''{{`}}s'' <code>["r\oUz1z]</code>
|-
| <code>2</code> || {{IPA|ø}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x00F8.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close-mid front rounded vowel]] || Danish {{lang|da|købe}} <code>["k2:b@]</code>, French {{lang|fr|d'''eu'''x}} <code>[d2]</code>
|-
| <code>3</code> || {{IPA|ɜ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x025C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open-mid central unrounded vowel]] || English ''n'''ur'''se'' <code>[n3:s]</code> (RP) or <code>[n3`s]</code> (Gen.Am.)
|-
| <code>3\</code> || {{IPA|ɞ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x025E.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open-mid central rounded vowel]] || Irish {{lang|ga|t'''omha'''il}} <code>[t3\:l']</code> 
|- 
| <code>4</code> || {{IPA|ɾ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x027E.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[alveolar flap]] || Spanish {{lang|es|pe'''r'''o}} <code>["pe4o]</code>, American English ''be'''tt'''er'' <code>["bE4@`]</code>
|-
| <code>5</code> || {{IPA|ɫ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x026B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[velarized alveolar lateral approximant]]; also see <code>_e</code> || English ''mi'''l'''k'' <code>[mI5k]</code>, Portuguese {{lang|pt|'''l'''ivro}} <code>["5iv4u]</code>
|-
| <code>6</code> || {{IPA|ɐ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0250.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[near-open central vowel]] || German {{lang|de|bess'''er'''}} <code>["bEs6]</code>, Australian English ''m'''u'''d'' <code>[m6d]</code>
|-
| <code>7</code> || {{IPA|ɤ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0264.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close-mid back unrounded vowel]] || Estonian {{lang|et|k'''õ'''ik}} <code>[k7ik]</code>, Vietnamese {{lang|vi|m'''ơ'''}} <code>[m7_M]</code>
|-
| <code>8</code> || {{IPA|ɵ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0275.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[close-mid central rounded vowel]] || Swedish {{lang|sv|b'''u'''ss}} <code>[b8s]</code>
|-
| <code>9</code> || {{IPA|œ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0153.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open-mid front rounded vowel]] || French {{lang|fr|n'''eu'''f}} <code>[n9f]</code>, Danish {{lang|da|dr'''ø'''mme}} <code>[dR9m@]</code>
|-
| <code>&amp;</code> || {{IPA|ɶ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0276.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[open front rounded vowel]] || Swedish {{lang|sv|sk'''ö'''rd}} <code>[x\&amp;d`]</code>
|-
| <code>?</code> || {{IPA|ʔ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0294.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[glottal stop]] || Cockney English ''bo'''tt'''le'' <code>["bQ?o]</code>
|- 
| <code>?\</code> || {{IPA|ʕ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0295.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced pharyngeal fricative]] || Arabic {{lang|ar|ع}} {{Transliteration|ar|'''ʿ'''ayn}} <code>[?\Ajn]</code>
|- 
| <code>*</code> || || &nbsp; || undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor"|| &nbsp;
|- 
| <code>/</code> || {{IPA|/}} || [[File:Unicode 0x002F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || (a) French vowel [[archiphoneme]]s or indeterminacies<br>(b) delimiter of [[Phoneme|phonemic]] transcriptions  || {{lang|fr|m'''ai'''son}} <code>/mE/zO~/</code>
|- 
| <code>&lt;</code> || {{IPA|⟨}} || [[file:Unicode 0x27E8.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || begin nonsegmental notation, e.g., [[SAMPROSA]]<ref>For a summary of [[:wiktionary:SAMPROSA|SAMPROSA]], see {{cite web|last1=Wells|first1=J.C.|title=SAMPROSA (SAM Prosodic Transcription)|url=https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/samprosa.htm|website=UCL Phonetics and Linguistics|publisher=University College London|date=19 September 1995|access-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> || &nbsp;
|-
| <code>&lt;\</code> || {{IPA|ʢ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02A2.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced epiglottal fricative]] || [[Siwi language|Siwi]] {{IPA|arˤbˤə'''ʢ'''a|lang=siz}} (four) <code>[ar_?\b_?\@<\a]</code>
|- 
| <code>&gt;</code> || {{IPA|⟩}} || [[file:Unicode 0x27E9.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || end nonsegmental notation || &nbsp;
|-
| <code>&gt;\</code> || {{IPA|ʡ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02A1.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[epiglottal plosive]] || [[Archi language|Archi]] гӀарз (complaint) <code>[>\arz]</code>
|-
| <code>^</code> || {{IPA|ꜛ}} || [[File:Unicode 0xA71B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[upstep (phonetics)|upstep]] || &nbsp;
|- 
| <code>!</code> || {{IPA|ꜜ}} || [[File:Unicode 0xA71C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[downstep (phonetics)|downstep]] || &nbsp;
|- 
| <code>!\</code> || {{IPA|ǃ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x01C3.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[postalveolar click]] || [[Zulu language|Zulu]] {{lang|zu|i'''q'''a'''q'''a}} (polecat) <code>[i:!\a:!\a]</code>
|-
| <code>&#124;</code> || {{IPA|<nowiki>&#x7C;</nowiki>}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x007C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || minor (foot) group || &nbsp; 
|-
| <code>&#124;\</code> || {{IPA|ǀ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x01C0 alt.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[dental click]] || Zulu {{lang|zu|i'''c'''i'''c'''i}} (earring)  <code> [i:&#124;\i:&#124;\i] </code>
|-
| <code>&#124;&#124;</code> || {{IPA|‖}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x2016.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || major (intonation) group || &nbsp; 
|-
| <code>&#124;\&#124;\</code> || {{IPA|ǁ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x01C1 alt.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[alveolar lateral click]] || Zulu {{lang|zu|'''x'''o'''x'''a}} (to converse) <code>[&#124;\&#124;\O:&#124;\&#124;\a]</code>
|-
| <code>=\</code> || {{IPA|ǂ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x01C2 alt.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[palatal click]] || &nbsp;
|- 
| <code>-\</code> || {{IPA|‿}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x203F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Liaison (linguistics)|linking mark]] || &nbsp;
|}

=== Diacritics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! X-SAMPA !! IPA !! IPA image !! Description
|- 
| <code>{{lang|und-fonxsamp|_"|italic=no}}</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̈}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0308.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Centralization (phonetics)|centralized]]
|-
| <code>_+</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̟}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x031F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Advanced (phonetics)|advanced]]
|-
| <code>_-</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̠}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0320.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Retracted (phonetics)|retracted]]
|-
| <code>_/</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̌}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x030C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || rising tone
|-
| <code>_0</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̥}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0325.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiceless consonant|voiceless]]
|-
| <code>_&lt;</code> || || &nbsp; || [[Implosive consonant|implosive]] (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives)
|-
| <code>=</code> (or <code>_=</code>) || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̩}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0329.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || syllabic 
|-
| <code>_&gt;</code> || {{IPA|ʼ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02BC on ring.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Ejective consonant|ejective]] 
|-
| <code>_?\</code> || {{IPA|ˤ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02C1.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[pharyngealisation|pharyngealized]] 
|-
| <code>_\</code>  (or <code>_F</code>) || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̂}} || [[file:IPA Unicode 0x0302.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || falling tone 
|-
| <code>_^</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̯}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x032F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || non-syllabic 
|-
| <code>_}</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̚}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x031A.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[no audible release]]
|-
| <code>`</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp;˞}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02DE.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[r-colored vowel|rhotacization]] in vowels, retroflexion in consonants (IPA uses separate symbols for consonants, see <code>t`</code> for an example)
|-
| <code>~</code> (or <code>_~</code>) || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̃}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0303.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[nasalization]] 
|-
| <code>_A</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̘}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0318.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[advanced tongue root]] 
|-
| <code>_a</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̺}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x033A.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Apical consonant|apical]] 
|-
| <code>_B</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̏}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x030F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || extra low tone 
|-
| <code>_B_L</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp;᷅}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x1DC5.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || low rising tone
|-
| <code>_c</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̜}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x031C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || less rounded 
|-
| <code>_d</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̪}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x032A.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[dental consonant|dental]] 
|-
| <code>_e</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̴}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0334.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || velarized or pharyngealized; also see <code>5</code> 
|-
| <code>&lt;F&gt;</code> || {{IPA|↘}} || [[File:IPA global_decrease_from_Gentium_ancora.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Intonation (linguistics)|global fall]]
|-
| <code>_F</code> (or <code>_\</code>) || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̂}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0302.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || falling tone 
|-
| <code>_G</code> || {{IPA|ˠ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02E0.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[velarization|velarized]] 
|-
| <code>_H</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ́}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0301.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || high tone 
|-
| <code>_H_T</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp;᷄}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x1DC4.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || high rising tone
|-
| <code>_h</code> || {{IPA|ʰ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02B0.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]]
|- 
| <code>_j</code> (or <code>'</code>) || {{IPA|ʲ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02B2.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]]
|- 
| <code>_k</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̰}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0330.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[creaky voice]] 
|-
| <code>_L</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̀}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0300.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || low tone 
|-
| <code>_l</code> || {{IPA|ˡ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02E1.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Lateral release (phonetics)|lateral release]] 
|-
| <code>_M</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̄}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0304.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || mid tone 
|-
| <code>_m</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̻}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x033B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[laminal consonant|laminal]] 
|-
| <code>_N</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̼}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x033C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[linguolabial consonant|linguolabial]]
|-
| <code>_n</code> || {{IPA|ⁿ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x207F.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[nasal release]] 
|-
| <code>_O</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̹}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0339.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Roundedness|more rounded]] 
|-
| <code>_o</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̞}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x031E.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Relative articulation#Raised and lowered|lowered]] 
|-
| <code>_q</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̙}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0319.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[retracted tongue root]] 
|-
| <code>&lt;R&gt;</code> || {{IPA|↗}} || [[File:IPA global_increase_from_Gentium_ancora.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Intonation (linguistics)|global rise]] 
|-
| <code>_R</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̌}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x030C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || rising tone 
|-
| <code>_R_F</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp;᷈}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x1DC8.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || rising falling tone
|-
| <code>_r</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̝}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x031D.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[Relative articulation#Raised and lowered|raised]] 
|-
| <code>_T</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̋}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x030B.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || extra high tone 
|-
| <code>_t</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̤}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0324.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[breathy voice]] 
|-
| <code>_v</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̬}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x032C.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[voiced consonant|voiced]] 
|-
| <code>_w</code> || {{IPA|ʷ}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x02B7.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || [[labialisation|labialized]] 
|-
| <code>_X</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̆}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x0306.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || extra-short 
|-
| <code>_x</code> || {{IPA|&nbsp; ̽}} || [[File:IPA Unicode 0x033D.svg|frameless|upright=0.1]] || mid-centralized 
|}

== Charts ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="17" | Consonants (pulmonic)
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em;"
! style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Place of articulation]] →
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="4" | [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="4" | [[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="6" | [[Laryngeal consonant|Laryngeal]]
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em;"
! style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Manner of articulation]] ↓
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Labiodental consonant|Labio‐<br />dental]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post‐<br />alveolar]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Retroflex consonant|Retro‐<br />flex]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyn‐<br />geal]]
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Epiglottal consonant|Epi‐<br />glottal]]
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;" | [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial nasal|<code>m</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[labiodental nasal|<code>F</code>]]
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar nasal|<code>n</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex nasal|<code>n`</code>]]
| |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal nasal|<code>J</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar nasal|<code>N</code>]]
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[uvular nasal|<code>N\</code>]]
| colspan="6" style="background:#ccc" |
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;" | [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
| [[voiceless bilabial plosive|<code>p</code>]] [[voiced bilabial plosive|<code>b</code>]]
| [[voiceless labiodental plosive|<code>p_d</code>]] [[voiced labiodental plosive|<code>b_d</code>]]
| colspan="3" | [[voiceless alveolar plosive|<code>t</code>]] [[voiced alveolar plosive|<code>d</code>]]
| [[voiceless retroflex plosive|<code>t`</code>]] [[voiced retroflex plosive|<code>d`</code>]]
| [[voiceless palatal plosive|<code>c</code>]] [[voiced palatal plosive|<code>J\</code>]]
| [[voiceless velar plosive|<code>k</code>]] [[voiced velar plosive|<code>g</code>]]
| colspan="2" | [[voiceless uvular plosive|<code>q</code>]] [[voiced uvular plosive|<code>G\</code>]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" | [[epiglottal plosive|<code>>\</code>]]
| style="width: 1em;" | [[glottal stop|<code>?</code>]]
| style="width: 1em; background:#ccc" |
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| [[voiceless bilabial fricative|<code>p\</code>]] [[voiced bilabial fricative|<code>B</code>]]
| [[voiceless labiodental fricative|<code>f</code>]] [[voiced labiodental fricative|<code>v</code>]]
| [[voiceless dental fricative|<code>T</code>]] [[voiced dental fricative|<code>D</code>]]
| [[voiceless alveolar fricative|<code>s</code>]] [[voiced alveolar fricative|<code>z</code>]]
| [[voiceless postalveolar fricative|<code>S</code>]] [[voiced postalveolar fricative|<code>Z</code>]]
| [[voiceless retroflex fricative|<code>s`</code>]] [[voiced retroflex fricative|<code>z`</code>]]
| [[voiceless palatal fricative|<code>C</code>]] [[voiced palatal fricative|<code>j\</code>]]
| [[voiceless velar fricative|<code>x</code>]] [[voiced velar fricative|<code>G</code>]]
| style="width: 1em;" | [[voiceless uvular fricative|<code>X</code>]]
| rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiced uvular fricative|<code>R</code>]]
| style="width: 1em;" | [[voiceless pharyngeal fricative|<code>X\</code>]]
| rowspan="2" | [[voiced pharyngeal fricative|<code>?\</code>]]
| style="width: 1em;" | [[voiceless epiglottal fricative|<code>H\</code>]]
| rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiced epiglottal fricative|<code><\</code>]]
| rowspan="2"  colspan="2" | [[voiceless glottal fricative|<code>h</code>]] [[voiced glottal fricative|<code>h\</code>]]
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial approximant|<code>B_o</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[labiodental approximant|<code>v\</code>]]
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar approximant|<code>r\</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex approximant|<code>r\`</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal approximant|<code>j</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar approximant|<code>M\</code>]]
|
|
|
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial trill|<code>B\</code>]]
|
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar trill|<code>r</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex trill|*]]
|
| style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[uvular trill|<code>R\</code>]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[epiglottal trill|*]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;" | [[Flap consonant|Tap or Flap]]
| |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial flap|*]]<sup>†</sup>
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[labiodental flap|*]]<sup>†</sup>
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar tap|<code>4</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex flap|<code>r`</code>]]
|
| style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[epiglottal flap|*]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral Fricative]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="3" | [[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|<code>K</code>]] [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative|<code>K\</code>]]
| [[voiceless retroflex lateral fricative|*]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| [[voiceless palatal lateral fricative|*]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| [[voiceless velar lateral fricative|*]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" |
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral Approximant]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar lateral approximant|<code>l</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex lateral approximant|<code>l`</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal lateral approximant|<code>L</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar lateral approximant|<code>L\</code>]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" |
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral Flap]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar lateral flap|<code>l\</code>]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retroflex lateral flap|*]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal lateral flap|*]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar lateral flap|*]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" |
|}
* Asterisks (*) mark sounds that do not have X-SAMPA symbols. Daggers (†) mark IPA symbols that have recently been added to [[Unicode]]. Since April 2008, the latter is the case of the [[labiodental flap]], symbolized by a right-hook ''v'' in the IPA: [[File:Unicode 0x0475.svg]]. A convention for the labiodental flap does not yet exist in X-SAMPA.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" | Coarticulated
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; width: 2em;" | [[voiceless labio-velar approximant|<code>W</code>]]
| Voiceless labialized velar approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[labial-velar approximant|<code>w</code>]]
| Voiced labialized velar approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[labial-palatal approximant|<code>H</code>]]
| Voiced labialized palatal approximant
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|<code>s\</code>]]
| Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|<code>z\</code>]]
| Voiced palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiceless palatal-velar fricative|<code>x\</code>]]
| Voiceless "palatal-velar" fricative
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" | Affricates and double articulation
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiceless alveolar affricate|<code>ts</code>]]
| voiceless alveolar affricate
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced alveolar affricate|<code>dz</code>]]
| voiced alveolar affricate
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiceless postalveolar affricate|<code>tS</code>]]
| voiceless postalveolar affricate
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced postalveolar affricate|<code>dZ</code>]]
| voiced postalveolar affricate
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|<code>ts\</code>]]
| voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|<code>dz\</code>]]
| voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiceless alveolar lateral affricate|<code>tK</code>]]
| voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced alveolar lateral affricate|<code>dK\</code>]]
| voiced alveolar lateral affricate
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiceless labial-velar plosive|<code>kp</code>]]
| voiceless labial-velar plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced labial-velar plosive|<code>gb</code>]]
| voiced labial-velar plosive
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[labial-velar nasal|<code>Nm</code>]]
| labial-velar nasal stop
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="6" | Consonants (non-pulmonic)
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
! colspan="2" | [[Click consonant|Clicks]]
! colspan="2" | [[Implosive consonant|Implosives]]
! colspan="2" | [[Ejective consonant|Ejectives]]
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; width: 2em;" | [[bilabial click|<code>O\</code>]]
| Bilabial
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; width: 2em;" | [[voiced bilabial implosive|<code>b_<</code>]]
| Bilabial
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; width: 2em;" | <code>_></code>
| ''For example:''
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[dental click|<code>&#x7c;\</code>]]
| Laminal alveolar ("dental")
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced alveolar implosive|<code>d_<</code>]]
| Alveolar
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[bilabial ejective|<code>p_></code>]]
| Bilabial
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[postalveolar click|<code>!\</code>]]
| Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex")
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced palatal implosive|<code>J\_<</code>]]
| Palatal
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[alveolar ejective|<code>t_></code>]]
| Alveolar
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[palatal click|<code>=\</code>]]
| Laminal postalveolar ("palatal")
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced velar implosive|<code>g_<</code>]]
| Velar
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[velar ejective|<code>k_></code>]]
| Velar
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[alveolar lateral click|<code>&#x7c;\&#x7c;\</code>]]
| Lateral coronal ("lateral")
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[voiced uvular implosive|<code>G\_<</code>]]
| Uvular
| style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;" | [[alveolar ejective fricative|<code>s_></code>]]
| Alveolar fricative
|}

=== Vowels ===
<div style="background:transparent;">
{| class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
||
| style="width:60px;" | '''[[Front vowel|Front]]'''
| style="width:180px;" | '''[[Central vowel|Central]]'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''[[Back vowel|Back]]'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''[[Close vowel|Close]]'''
| style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;">[[File:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px]]<div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|-
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |

<!-- CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:3.3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Close front unrounded vowel|<code>i</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Close front rounded vowel|<code>y</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:43.5%; width:3.3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Close central unrounded vowel|<code>1</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Close central rounded vowel|<code>}</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:3.3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Close back unrounded vowel|<code>M</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Close back rounded vowel|<code>u</code>]]</div>

<!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:29%; width:3.3em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Near-close front unrounded vowel|<code>I</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Near-close front rounded vowel|<code>Y</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:47.5%; width:3em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Near-close central unrounded vowel|<code>I\</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Near-close central rounded vowel|<code>U\</code>]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 69%; width:3.3em; top:16%; height: 1.33em; font-size: 120%; background: white;">•&nbsp;[[Near-close back rounded vowel|<code>U</code>]]</div>

<!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:16%; width:3.3em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|<code>e</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Close-mid front rounded vowel|<code>2</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:47.5%; width:3.9em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Close-mid central unrounded vowel|<code>@\</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Close-mid central rounded vowel|<code>8</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:3.3em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Close-mid back unrounded vowel|<code>7</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Close-mid back rounded vowel|<code>o</code>]]</div>

<!-- MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:15%; width:5.5em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Mid front unrounded vowel|<code>e_o</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Mid front rounded vowel|<code>2_o</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:57.5%; width:1em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Mid central vowel|<code>@</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:89%; width:3.5em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
•&nbsp;[[Mid back rounded vowel|<code>o_o</code>]]</div>

<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:29.5%; width:3.3em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|<code>E</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Open-mid front rounded vowel|<code>9</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:57.6%; width:3.9em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Open-mid central unrounded vowel|<code>3</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Open-mid central rounded vowel|<code>3\</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:84.5%; width:3.3em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Open-mid back unrounded vowel|<code>V</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|<code>O</code>]]</div>

<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:38%; width:1.9em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Near-open front unrounded vowel|<code>{</code>]]&nbsp;•</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:64.2%; width:1em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Near-open central vowel|<code>6</code>]]</div>

<!-- OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:43%; width:3.3em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Open front unrounded vowel|<code>a</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Open front rounded vowel|<code>&</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:67%; width:2.3em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Open central unrounded vowel|<code>a_"</code>]]</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:83.8%; width:3.3em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
[[Open back unrounded vowel|<code>A</code>]]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Open back rounded vowel|<code>Q</code>]]</div>
|}
</div></div>
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''[[Near-close vowel|Near‑close]]'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''[[Close-mid vowel|Close‑mid]]'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''[[Mid vowel|Mid]]'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''[[Open-mid vowel|Open‑mid]]'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''[[Near-open vowel|Near‑open]]'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''[[Open vowel|Open]]'''
|}
</div>

== See also ==
* [[Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet]]
* [[List of phonetics topics]]
* [[SAMPA]], a language-specific predecessor of X-SAMPA
* [[SAMPA chart for English]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
{{Wiktionary|X-SAMPA}}
* [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm Computer-coding the IPA: A proposed extension of SAMPA]
* [https://www.vulgarlang.com/ipa-x-sampa-cxs-converter/ X-SAMPA to IPA to CXS converter]
* [http://www.let.rug.nl/~kleiweg/xsampa/ Web-based translator for X-SAMPA documents.] Produces Unicode text, XML text, PostScript, PDF, or LaTeX TIPA.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190919184818/http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Z-SAMPA Z-SAMPA], a backward-compatible extension of X-SAMPA sometimes used for [[conlang]]s

{{IPA navigation}}{{Latin script}}

[[Category:SAMPA]]
[[Category:1995 in computing]]
[[Category:Writing systems introduced in the 1990s]]
[[Category:University College London]]