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{{Short description|Play by David Ives}}
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'''''Words, Words, Words''''' is a [[one-act play]] written by [[David Ives]] for his collection of six one-act plays, ''[[All in the Timing]]''. The play is about Kafka, Milton, and Swift, three intelligent [[Common chimpanzee|chimpanzees]] who are put in a cage together under the experimenting eye of a [[Unseen character|never seen]] Dr. Rosenbaum, a scientist testing the hypothesis that three apes hitting keys at random on typewriters for an infinite amount of time will almost surely produce [[Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Hamlet]]'' (a variation on the [[infinite monkey theorem]]).<ref>[http://www.dramatists.com/cgi-bin/db/single.asp?key=30 ''All in the Timing''] dramatists.com, accessed February 8, 2014</ref> The show's title is a phrase quoted from ''Hamlet''.<ref>Shakespeare, William. ''Hamlet'', act 2, sc. ii, line 193 (Hamlet responding when asked what he was reading).</ref> The performance comprises the ape characters humorously confronting and conversing with each other in order to understand the purpose of the exercise put upon them.

Although clearly a comedy, the ending tone of the play can differ much from production to production, and generally will depend on the actor's (and director's) interpretation of the Swift character. Swift drives the action, with his rebellion to Dr. Rosenbaum and his experiment, with Milton acting as either a friend or antagonist trying to convince Swift to go along with and use the system. (Swift: "Why are you so god-damned ready to justify the ways of Rosenbaum to the apes?") The portrayal of Swift is always different, but generally falls into either tragic or comic territory. If Swift's plans for revenge are portrayed comically, then they point out the folly of Hamlet's plan to ensnare the King, deepening the parody of Shakespeare's most celebrated work. If performed dramatically, the play leaves Swift as the tragic hero, a [[Cassandra]] figure unappreciated by his colleagues, going mad in captivity. In either case, Kafka ends the play on a notion of hope, as she is the one who spontaneously begins to successfully type the opening lines of ''Hamlet'', comically juxtaposed against Swift who merely ponders in silence and Milton who aimlessly types the words "hemorrhoid", "pomegranate", and "bazooka".

==Characters==
* '''[[John Milton|Milton]]''' is the most realistic of the three; he knows what has to be done and knows how to do it. The rough draft on his typewriter involves the opening lines from ''[[Paradise Lost]]'' (written by [[John Milton]] in 1667), though it concludes with nonsensical words.
* '''[[Jonathan Swift|Swift]]''' (also called "Swifty") is ambitious and something of a rebel. He figures out far-fetched plans to break out of the cage, despite Milton's sarcastic and annoyed discouragement. He is the most philosophical, though his writing reflects only utter nonsense.
* '''[[Franz Kafka|Kafka]]''' (also called "Franz") is the dreamer. She has only managed to press one button on her typewriter repeatedly, and has done so for twenty lines. She likes to put her two cents in, but rarely uses very big words. Kafka plays the naïf (and is the only female of the trio), agreeing that the experiment is stupid, but hoping for a great reward if she succeeds. By the end of the play, she begins to type the first act of ''Hamlet'' after being inspired by Swift's suggestion to poison Dr. Rosenbaum.

==Productions==
''Words, Words, Words'' premiered in January 1987, in the Manhattan Punch Line Theatre in [[New York City]]. It starred Warren Keith as Milton, Christopher Fields as Swift, and Helen Greenberg as Kafka.<ref>Ives, David. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cI0BujZH-DUC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=Manhattan+Punch+Line+Theatre,+1991 ''Words, Words, Words''] ''All in the Timing: Six One-act Comedies'', Dramatists Play Service, Inc, 1994, {{ISBN|0822213966}}, pp23ff</ref>

It was combined with other plays such as ''[[Sure Thing (play)|Sure Thing]]'' and ''[[Philip Glass Buys a Loaf of Bread]]'' in a production of six one-act plays, comprising ''[[All in the Timing]]'', [[Off-Broadway]] at [[Primary Stages]], running from November 1993 to February 1994.<ref>[http://www.lortel.org/lla_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=939 ''All in the Timing''] Internet Off-Broadway Database, accessed February 10, 2014</ref><ref>Brantley, Ben. [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/03/theater/review-theater-all-in-the-timing-merrily-sputtering-along.html "Review/Theater: 'All in the Timing'; Merrily Sputtering Along"] ''The New York Times'', December 3, 1993</ref> Daniel Hagen played the role of Milton, Robert Stanton played Swift, and [[Nancy Opel]] played Kafka.

''All in the Timing'' was revived at Primary Stages in 2013.<ref>Brantley, Ben. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/13/theater/reviews/all-in-the-timing-by-david-ives-at-59e59-theaters.html?_r=0 "Theater Review. 'All in the Timing,' by David Ives, at 59E59 Theaters"] ''The New York Times'', February 12, 2013</ref>

Along with ''[[Sure Thing (play)|Sure Thing]]'' and ''[[The Philadelphia]]'', ''Words, Words, Words'' is one of the one-acts which is almost always included in productions of ''[[All in the Timing]]''. (Recent printings of ''All in the Timing'' include upwards of twenty separate plays.)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.lortel.org/lla_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=939 ''All in the Timing'', 1993] Internet Off-Broadway Database
*[http://www.lortel.org/lla_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=6112 ''All in the Timing'', 2013] Internet Off-Broadway Database
*{{IMDb name|0445316|Warren Keith}}
*{{IMDb name|0276211|Christopher Fields}}
*{{IMDb name|0338520|Helen Greenberg}}

{{Works by David Ives}}

[[Category:Plays by David Ives]]
[[Category:1987 plays]]
[[Category:One-act plays]]