View source for Wong Nai Chung Gap

{{Short description|Mountain pass in Hong Kong}}
{{Use Hong Kong English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
[[File:Wong Nai Chung Gap 2017.jpg|250px|thumb|Aerial view of Wong Nai Chung Gap]]
{{Infobox Chinese
|t=黃泥涌峽
|j=Wong<sup>4</sup> nai<sup>4</sup> cung<sup>1</sup> haap<sup>6</sup>
|y=Wòhng nàih chūng haahp
|l=The gorge that yellow mud is gushing out of
|hide=no
}}
'''Wong Nai Chung Gap''' ({{zh|c=黃泥涌峽|l=The gorge that yellow mud is gushing out of}}) is a [[Gap (landform)|geographic gap]] in the middle of [[Hong Kong Island]] in Hong Kong. The gap is between [[Mount Nicholson]] and [[Jardine's Lookout]] behind [[Wong Nai Chung]] (Happy Valley). Five roads meet at the gap: [[Wong Nai Chung Gap Road]], [[Tai Tam Reservoir Road]], [[Repulse Bay Road]], [[Deep Water Bay Road]] and Black's Link. It is a strategic passage between the north and south of the island, though less so today since the opening of the [[Aberdeen Tunnel]].

==History==
In the 1930s, the [[British army]] began installing defence structures at the gap as a strategically important location, being the primary passage between the North and South of Hong Kong Island. Defensive structures included bunkers along Wong Nai Chung Gap Road, along with fortifications on Jardine's Lookout, near the end of Sir Cecil's Ride.

===Battle of Hong Kong===
{{further|Battle of Hong Kong}}
The Battle of Wong Nai Chung Gap was the largest sustainment of casualties in a single day, on both sides, in the whole conflict. Its subsequent capture by the Japanese effectively led to the downfall of Hong Kong Island, splitting the forces there in two (Separating East/West Brigades). At the time of this Battle, the Wong Nai Chung Gap area included defenders of the [[Middlesex Regiment]], [[Winnipeg Grenadiers|The Winnipeg Grenadiers]] and the [[HKVDC]]. [[Canadian Army]] [[Brigadier]] [[John K. Lawson]] was present at the HQ and involved in the Battle.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/23/world/canada/a-doomed-battle-for-hong-kong-with-only-medals-left-75-years-later.html|title=A Doomed Battle for Hong Kong, With Only Medals Left 75 Years Later|author=Craig S. Smith|date=23 December 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref>

On 18 December, the Japanese had landed around present-day [[Taikoo Shing]] (then [[Taikoo Dockyard]]) and had made advances into the [[North Point]] area. They moved up towards Wong Nai Chung Gap from [[Braemar Hill]] through the primary use of Sir Cecil's Ride, but also through [[Wan Chai]] and [[Happy Valley, Hong Kong|Happy Valley]]. Primary engagements occurred around the area of Jardine's Catch-water, where there were two pillboxes manned mainly by Middlesex Machine Gunners (JLO1/2). [[Royal Scots]] on [[Mount Nicholson]] also became engaged in fighting the Japanese advance units on the adjacent [[Jardine's Lookout]], but also those coming up Happy Valley/Wan Chai area.

The superior Japanese force soon closed in on the West Brigade HQ, before the staff and other units could be evacuated. The conflict ensued for a long period, with defenders holding out and inflicting heavy casualties through the use of heavy machine gun fire. The defenders were surrounded and pinned down, with few units able to get through to relieve them. The defense finally deteriorated after nearly every defender was either killed or wounded. Even Brigadier Lawson made a call to Fortress HQ, saying he was going outside to ‘fight it out’ and was killed in action. Few stragglers managed to escape and the remainder of the soldiers (almost all wounded) were taken prisoner.

The Japanese held the position against a number of counterattacks, and were able to effectively split the Commonwealth forces in Hong Kong Island. This was key factor that led to the downfall of the colony on 25 December Surrender.

==References==
{{Commons category|Wong Nai Chung Gap}}
{{Wiktionary|Wong Nai Chung Gap}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = [[Wan Chai District]]
| North     = ([[Victoria Harbour]])
| Northeast = 
| East      = [[Eastern District, Hong Kong|Eastern District]]
| Southeast = 
| South     = [[Southern District, Hong Kong|Southern District]]
| Southwest = 
| West      = [[Central and Western District]]
| Northwest = 
}}
{{Wan Chai District}}

{{Coord|22.25723|114.19245|format=dms|display=title}}


[[Category:Wong Nai Chung Gap| ]]


{{HongKongIsland-geo-stub}}