View source for William Cleghorn

{{Short description|British philosopher}}
{{for|the British eccentric|William Cleghorn (Newcastle eccentric)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox philosopher 
| region           = Western Philosophy 
| era              = [[Age of Enlightenment|18th-century philosophy]] 
| image_name       =
| caption          =
| name             = William Cleghorn
| birth_date       = 1718 (baptism 8 May 1719)
| birth_place      = [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]]  
| death_date       = 1754
| school_tradition = [[Empiricism]], [[Scottish Enlightenment]]
| main_interests   = [[Political philosophy]], [[Moral philosophy]]
}}

'''William Cleghorn''' (1718 – August 1754) was a [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] philosopher. He was born to a successful [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Brewing|brewer]], Hugh Cleghorn, and Jean Hamilton, and died in 1754, aged 36.<ref name="nobbs">Nobbs, Douglas. 1965. 'The Political Ideas of William Cleghorn, Hume's Academic Rival'. ''Journal of the History of Ideas'', Vol. 26, No. 4: 575–86</ref> William Cleghorn held the Chair of [[Philosophy of mind|Pneumatics]] and [[Moral Philosophy]] at the [[University of Edinburgh]] from 1745 until his death in 1754.<ref>'[http://www.philosophy.ed.ac.uk/info/history.html  Some Notes on the History of the Philosophy Department]', University of Edinburgh website (accessed 9 Sept 2007.)</ref> Four volumes of notes on Cleghorn's lectures on moral philosophy from 1746 to 1747 are stored at the University of Edinburgh library.<ref>'[http://www.dswebhosting.info/SCAN/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Site20&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo=='GB237/Dc.3.3-6')  Lectures of Professor William Cleghorn]', Edinburgh University Library, Special Collections Division.</ref>

==Cleghorn: David Hume's rival==
Cleghorn is primarily remembered for being a rival of the more famous philosopher [[David Hume]].<ref name="nobbs"/> In 1744 and 1745, Hume and Cleghorn were competing candidates for the position of Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at the [[University of Edinburgh]]. Hume was arguably the better of the two candidates.{{According to whom|date=August 2022}} However, the town council appointed Cleghorn to the position on 5 June 1745. Hume was an [[atheism|atheist]], and it is known that many of the ministers of Edinburgh opposed his appointment to the chair's position, and petitioned the town council, describing Hume as [[amorality|amoral]], an atheist, and a [[skepticism|sceptic]]. It has been suggested that a clique of people who disliked Hume's personal beliefs arranged for Cleghorn to be given the chair's position at the university. However, some historians believe that Cleghorn was appointed to the position, not because of rivalry based on personal beliefs, but rather because of rivalry between two competing schools of thought on moral philosophy.<ref name="nobbs"/>

==Cleghorn and Adam Ferguson==
Cleghorn was a friend, and probably also teacher, of [[Adam Ferguson]]. It is thought that one of the characters in Ferguson's philosophical work ''Dialogue on a Highland Jaunt'' is based on Cleghorn.<ref>Mossner, Ernest Campbell. 1963. 'Adam Ferguson's "Dialogue on a Highland Jaunt" with Robert Adam, William Cleghorn, David Hume, and William Wilkie'. In Carroll Camden (ed.), ''Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Literature''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 297–308</ref> It has also been claimed that Cleghorn recommended, shortly before his death, that Ferguson be given the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy once he had died. Ferguson was not given the chair at this time, although he was given it later.

==Notes==
<references/>

==Bibliography==
*Cleghorn, William. 1746–1747. '[http://www.dswebhosting.info/SCAN/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Site20&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo=='GB237/Dc.3.3-6')  Lectures of Professor William Cleghorn]'. University of Edinburgh Library, Special Collections Division.
*Frasca-Spada, Marina. 2001. 'The Many Lives of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy'. ''British Journal for the History of Philosophy'', Vol. 9, No. 1: 135–44.
*Grote, Simon.  2005.  'The Moral Philosophy of William Cleghorn'.  MPhil Dissertation.  Faculty of History, Cambridge University.
*[[Ernest Campbell Mossner|Mossner, Ernest Campbell]]. 1963. 'Adam Ferguson's "Dialogue on a Highland Jaunt" with Robert Adam, William Cleghorn, David Hume, and William Wilkie'. In Carroll Camden (ed.), ''Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Literature''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 297–308.
*Mossner, Ernest Campbell. 2001. (2nd Ed.). ''The Life of David Hume''. Oxford University Press.
*Nobbs, Douglas. 1965. 'The Political Ideas of William Cleghorn, Hume's Academic Rival'. ''Journal of the History of Ideas'', Vol. 26, No. 4: 575–86.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cleghorn, William}}
[[Category:1718 births]]
[[Category:1754 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Scottish philosophers]]
[[Category:Enlightenment philosophers]]
[[Category:People of the Scottish Enlightenment]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:David Hume]]