View source for Wiki143:WikiProject Languages/Retired language articles/Borneo–Philippine languages

{{Disputed|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox language family
|name=Borneo–Philippines
|acceptance=paraphyletic
|region=[[Borneo]], [[Philippines]], and [[Madagascar]]
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=[[Paiwanic languages|Paiwanic]] ?
|fam3=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
|child1=[[Philippine languages|Philippine]]
|child2=[[North Bornean languages|North Bornean]]
|child3=[[Kayan languages|Kayan]]
|child4=[[Land Dayak languages|Land Dayak]]
|child5=[[Sama–Bajaw languages|Sama–Bajaw]]
|child6=[[West Barito languages|West Barito]]
|child7=[[Mahakam languages|Mahakam]]
|child8=[[East Barito languages|East Barito]]
|glotto=none
|map=Borneo-Philippines.svg
|mapcaption=The Borneo–Philippines languages (red). Not shown: [[Yami language|Yami]] in Taiwan.
}}

The '''Borneo–Philippines languages'''{{citation-needed|reason=not found in Wouk and Ross (2002)|date=December 2017}} (also known as '''Outer Hesperonesian'''{{citation-needed|date=December 2017}} or '''Outer Western Malayo-Polynesian languages'''{{citation-needed|date=December 2017}}) are a [[paraphyletic]] group of the [[Austronesian languages]] which includes the languages of the [[Philippines]], much of [[Borneo]], the northern peninsula of [[Sulawesi]], and [[Madagascar]]. They can be divided into the [[Bornean languages]] and the [[Philippine languages]].

In this classification, the previously posited clade of ''Western Malayo-Polynesian'', also known as ''Hesperonesian'', has been broken up into "outer" (Borneo–Philippines) and "inner" (Sunda–Sulawesi){{Failed verification|reason=not in Wouk and Ross (2002)|date=June 2019}} clades and Western Malayo-Polynesian is considered merely a geographic term (Wouk and Ross 2002). These are both ''remnant groups:'' the Borneo–Philippine languages are those Malayo-Polynesian languages which are not included in [[Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages|Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian]] and the Sunda–Sulawesi languages are those Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages which are not included in Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian. Indeed, a 2008 analysis of the ''Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database'' supported at a 98% confidence level that the [[Bornean languages]], regardless of whether they themselves are a valid unit, form an exclusive unit with Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian, whereas Sama–Bajaw is more closely related to the Philippine languages.

==Classification==

*Borneo–Philippine Malayo-Polynesian languages, or Outer Western MP languages
**[[Philippine languages]]
***[[Philippine languages|Northern Philippine languages]]
****[[Batanic languages|Batanic languages, or Bashiic, or Ivatanic]]
****[[Northern Luzon languages|Northern Luzon languages, or Cordilleran languages]]
****[[Central Luzon languages]]
****[[Northern Mindoro languages]]
***[[Philippine languages|Greater Central Philippine languages]]
****[[South Mangyan languages]]
****[[Central Philippine languages]]
*****[[Visayan languages]]
****[[Palawan languages]]
****[[Mindanao languages|Mindanao languages, or Southern Philippine languages]]
****[[Gorontalo–Mongondow languages]]
***[[Kalamian languages]]
***[[South Mindanao languages|South Mindanao, or Bilic, languages]]
***[[Sangiric languages]]
***[[Minahasan languages]]
***[[Umiray Dumaget language]]
***[[Philippine languages|Manide-Inagta languages]]
**[[Bornean languages]]
***[[Bornean languages|North Bornean languages]]
****[[Sabahan languages|Northeast Sabahan languages]]
****[[North Sarawakan languages]]
****[[Melanau–Kajang languages]]
****[[Sabahan languages|Southwest Sabahan languages]]
***[[Kayan–Murik languages]]
***[[Land Dayak languages]]
***[[Barito languages]]
****[[East Barito languages]]
****[[West Barito languages]]
****[[Mahakam languages]]
****[[Sama–Bajaw languages]]
**[[Batanic languages]]: might belong to the Northern Philippine languages

==References==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928153321/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/research.php ''Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database'']
*Fay Wouk and Malcolm Ross (ed.), ''The history and typology of western Austronesian voice systems.'' Australian National University, 2002.
*K. Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann, ''The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar.'' Routledge, 2005.

{{Borneo-Philippine languages}}
{{Austronesian languages}}
{{Languages of Indonesia}}
{{Languages of Madagascar}}
{{Languages of Malaysia}}
{{Languages of the Philippines}}
{{Languages of Taiwan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Borneo-Philippine languages}}
[[Category:Malayo-Polynesian languages|~]]