View source for Werner II of Spoleto

'''Werner II''' was the [[March of Ancona|margrave of Ancona]] and [[Duke of Spoleto]] from 1093 to 1119. He was the founder of the family of the Guarnieri of [[Urslingen]].

Werner was originally a [[Swabia]]n count who was sent as captain of the German contingent of 700 infantry and cavalry by the [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Henry III]] to assist [[Pope Leo IX]] at the [[Battle of Civitate]]. Subsequent to that great defeat, during which his Swabians were routed by [[Richard I of Capua]], Werner conquered a swathe of [[Adriatic]] territory centred on the [[Pentapolis]]. The region was called after him the "March of Werner". He became an ally of the [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Henry IV]], son of Henry III, in the war against the [[marchioness of Tuscany]], [[Matilda of Tuscany|Matilda]]. Henry appointed him duke of Spoleto in 1093. In 1105, he affirmed him as margrave in the three marches of [[Ancona]], [[March of Fermo|Fermo]], and [[Camerino]], which was thereafter called the "March of Ancona", or ''Marca Anconitana''. This forms the basis for the existing Italian region of [[Marche]]. He henceforth appears in chronicles and charters as ''Dux et Marchio Guarnerius'' and ''Guarnerio Marchione''.

In November 1105, Werner went to [[Rome]] with an army of Germans in support of the [[Antipope Sylvester IV]]. At his coming, [[Pope Paschal II]] fled to the [[Tiber Island]]. By force, Werner installed Sylvester in the [[Lateran]]. Werner's troops, led by one Berto, were not successful in the long run and Sylvester had to flee Rome for [[Tivoli, Italy|Tivoli]], where Werner himself lay encamped. Werner retreated with Sylvester to [[Osimo]].

==Sources==
*[[Ferdinand Gregorovius|Gregorovius, Ferdinand]]. ''Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1''. trans. Annie Hamilton. 1905.

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{{s-vac|last=[[Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine|Godfrey]]|reason=Part of the [[List of rulers of Tuscany|March of Tuscany]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List_of_Dukes_of_Spoleto#Italians|Duke of Spoleto]]|years=1093&ndash;1119}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Welf VI|Welf ''VI'']]|reason=Part of [[List of rulers of Tuscany|Marchioness of Tuscany]]}}
{{s-new|reason=Merging of the marches<br>[[Ancona]], [[March of Fermo|Fermo]], [[Camerino]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[March of Ancona|Margrave of Ancona]]|years=1093&ndash;1119}}
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[[Category:Dukes of Spoleto]]
[[Category:Margraves in Italy]]
[[Category:11th-century German nobility]]
[[Category:12th-century German nobility]]
[[Category:11th-century Italian nobility]]
[[Category:12th-century Italian nobility]]

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