View source for Weekly Torah portion

{{Short description|Jewish lectionary section}}
[[File:YanovTorah.JPG|thumb|right|A Torah scroll and silver pointer (''[[yad]]'') used in [[Torah reading|reading]].]]

The '''weekly Torah portion''' refers to a lectionary custom in [[Judaism]] in which a portion of the [[Torah]] (or Pentateuch) is read during [[Jewish prayer]] services on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday. The full name, ''Parashat HaShavua'' ({{langx|he|פָּרָשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ}}), is popularly abbreviated to '''''[[parashah]]''''' (also ''parshah'' {{IPAc-en|p|ɑː|r|ʃ|ə}} or '''parsha'''), and is also known as a '''[[Seder (Bible)|Sidra]]''' or '''Sedra''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɛ|d|r|ə}}. The ''parashah'' is a section of the Torah used in Jewish liturgy during a particular week. There are 54 parshas, or ''parashiyot'' in [[Hebrew]], and the full cycle is read over the course of one Biblical year.

==Content and number==
Each Torah portion consists of two to six chapters to be read during the week. There are 54 weekly portions or ''parashot''. Torah reading mostly follows an annual cycle beginning and ending on the Jewish holiday of [[Simchat Torah]], with the divisions corresponding to the [[lunisolar calendar|lunisolar]] [[Hebrew calendar]], which contains up to 55 weeks, the exact number varying between [[leap year]]s and regular years.

There are some deviations to the cyclic regularity noted above, all related to the week of [[Passover]] and the week of [[Sukkot]]. For both holidays, the first day of the holiday may fall on a Sabbath, in which case the Torah reading consists of a special portion relevant to the holiday rather than a portion in the normal cyclical sequence. When either holiday does ''not'' begin on a Sabbath, yet a different 'out of cycle' portion is read on the Sabbath within the holiday week. 

Immediately following Sukkot is the holiday of [[Shemini Atzeret]]. In Israel, this holiday coincides with Simchat Torah; in the [[Jewish Diaspora]], Simchat Torah is celebrated on the day following Shemini Atzeret. If Shemini Atzeret falls on a Sabbath, in the Diaspora a special 'out of cycle' Torah reading is inserted for that day. The final ''parashah'', ''[[V'Zot HaBerachah]]'', is always read on Simchat Torah.

Apart from this "immovable" final portion, there can be up to 53 weeks available for the other 53 portions. In years with fewer than 53 available weeks, some readings are combined to fit into the needed number of weekly readings.

The annual completion of the Torah readings on Simchat Torah, translating to "Rejoicing of the Torah", is marked by Jewish communities around the world.

==Name==
Each weekly Torah portion takes its name from the first distinctive word or two in the Hebrew text of the portion in question, often from the first verse.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Examples
!Parshah name
!Passage<ref>{{Cite web |title=Torah Readings - Judaism 101 (JewFAQ) |url=https://www.jewfaq.org/torah_readings#Weekly |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=www.jewfaq.org |language=en}}</ref>
!Name origin
|-
|''[[Bereshit (parashah)|Bereishit]]'' ({{lang|he|בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית}})
|Genesis 1:1-6:8
|First word of the passage
|-
|''[[Noach]]'' ({{lang|he|נֹ֔חַ}})
|Genesis 6.9-11.32
|Noach ([[Noah]]), the central figure of the passage<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Noach in a Nutshell |url=https://www.chabad.org/parshah/article_cdo/aid/3155/jewish/Noach-in-a-Nutshell.htm |access-date=27 September 2024 |website=Chabad |quote=The Parshah is named 'Noach' (Noah) after the protagonist of its major event: The Great Flood.}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lech-Lecha|Lech Lecha]]'' ({{lang|he|לֶךְ־לְךָ֛}})
|Genesis 12:1-17:27
|''Lech lecha'' means "go forth," a key phrase in the first line: <br/>"[God] said to [[Abraham|Abram]], 'Go forth from your native land...'"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gewirtz |first=Bracha |date=2020 |title=Parshas Lech Lecha, 5780 {{!}} Sefaria |url=https://www.sefaria.org/sheets/199824?lang=bi |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Sefaria}}</ref>
|}

==Practice: who, when, what==
The appropriate ''parashah'' is [[Hebrew cantillation|chanted]] publicly. In most communities, it is read by a designated reader ([[Baal keriah|''ba'al koreh'']]) in Jewish prayer services, starting with a partial reading on the afternoon of [[Shabbat]], the Jewish Sabbath, i.e. Saturday afternoon, again during the Monday and Thursday morning services, and ending with a full reading during the following Shabbat morning services (Saturday morning). The weekly reading is pre-empted by a special reading on major [[Jewish holiday|religious holidays]]. Each Saturday morning and holiday reading is followed by an often similarly themed reading (''[[Haftarah]]'') from the Book of Prophets (''[[Nevi'im]]'').

==Origin==
The custom of dividing the Torah readings dates to the time of the [[Babylonian captivity]] (6th century BCE).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Reading the Torah |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/reading-the-torah |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> The origin of the first public Torah readings is found in the [[Book of Nehemiah]], where Ezra the scribe writes about wanting to find a way to ensure the Israelites would not go astray again. This led to the creation of a weekly system to read the portions of the Torah at [[synagogue]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alephbeta.org/weekly-torah-portion|title=This Week's Torah Portion {{!}} Parsha Brought To Life|website=www.alephbeta.org|language=en|access-date=2018-06-01}}</ref>

===Alternative triennial cycle===
In ancient times some Jewish communities practiced a [[triennial cycle]] of readings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moses |first=Lionel E. |date=29 April 1987 |title=Is there an Authentic Triennial Cycle of Torah Readings? |url=https://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/sites/default/files/assets/public/halakhah/teshuvot/19861990/moses_triennial.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards |publisher=The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly |pages=334-336}}</ref> In the 19th and 20th centuries, many congregations in the [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] and [[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]] Jewish movements implemented an alternative triennial cycle in which only one-third of each weekly ''parashah'' was read in a given year; and this pattern continues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Which part of the Torah portion is chanted on Shabbat each week? {{!}} Reform Judaism |url=https://reformjudaism.org/learning/answers-jewish-questions/which-part-torah-portion-chanted-shabbat-each-week |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=reformjudaism.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=mradwin |date=2023-06-19 |title=Triennial Torah Readings – Hebcal |url=https://www.hebcal.com/home/50/triennial-torah-reading-cycle |access-date=2024-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> The ''parashot'' read are still consistent with the annual cycle, but the entire Torah is completed over three years. [[Orthodox Judaism]] does not follow this practice.<ref name=":0" />

===Differences between Israel and the diaspora===
Due to different lengths of holidays in [[Israel]] and the [[Diaspora]], the portion that is read on a particular week will sometimes not be the same inside and outside Israel. This only occurs when a Diaspora holiday—which are one day longer than those in Israel—extends into Shabbat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaminker |first=Mendy |date=2009 |title=Why Israel and the Diaspora Read Different Parshahs |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/927435/jewish/Why-Israel-and-the-Diaspora-Read-Different-Parshahs.htm |access-date=27 September 2024 |website=Chabad |language=en}}</ref>

==Differences between communities==
While the ''Parshyot'' divisions are fairly standardized, there are various communities with differing ''parsha'' divisions.  For example, many [[Yemenite Jews|Yemenites]] combine ''[[Korach (parashah)|Korach]]'' with the first half of ''[[Chukat (parsha)|Chukat]]'' and the second half of ''Chukat'' (''"Vayis'u mi-kadesh"'') with ''[[Balak (parashah)|Balak]]'' instead of combining ''[[Matot]]'' and ''[[Masei]]'',<ref>Siddur Mahartiz page 191a.</ref> and some [[Syrian Jews|Syrian]] communities combine ''Korach'' and ''Chukat'' instead of ''Matot'' and ''Masei''.<ref>Bet Dino shel Shelomo, [https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1583&st=&pgnum=75 page 51].</ref> In [[History of the Jews in Arles|Provence]] and [[History of the Jews in Tunisia|Tunisia]], ''[[Mishpatim]]'' and ''Im Kesef Talveh'' were occasionally divided so that ''Matot'' and ''Masei'' would always be read together.<ref>[http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/toshba/minhagim/tu2.htm Customs of Tunisian Jews].</ref>

==Base for division into portions==
The division of ''parashiot'' found in the modern-day Torah scrolls of all [[Ashkenazi]]c, [[Sephardic]], and [[Yemenite Jews|Yemenite]] communities is based upon the systematic list provided by [[Maimonides]] in ''[[Mishneh Torah]]'', ''[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/i/2300n.htm Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls]'', [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/i/2308n.htm Chapter 8]. Maimonides based his division of the ''parashot'' for the Torah on the [[Masoretic text]] of the [[Aleppo Codex]].<ref>Though initially doubted by [[Umberto Cassuto]], this has become the established position in modern scholarship. (See the [[Aleppo Codex]] iarticle for more information.)</ref>

==Table of weekly readings==
In the table, a portion that may be combined with the following portion to compensate for the changing number of weeks in the lunisolar year, is marked with an asterisk. The following chart will show the weekly readings.

{| class="wikitable"
! Book !! Parsha name !! English equivalent<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://philologos.org/bpr/files/t012.htm |title=Philologos.org |access-date=2012-05-24 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095121/http://philologos.org/bpr/files/t012.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> !! Parsha Portion
|-
! rowspan=12 |[[Book of Genesis|Bereshit]]<br/>(Genesis): 12
| [[Bereshit (parashah)|Bereshit]], {{lang|he|בְּרֵאשִׁית}} || In the Beginning || Gen. 1:1-6:8
|-
| [[Noach]], {{lang|he|נֹחַ}} || Noah || 6:9-11:32
|-
| [[Lech-Lecha]], {{lang|he|לֶךְ־לְךָ}} || Go Forth! || 12:1-17:27
|-
| [[Vayeira]], {{lang|he|וַיֵּרָא}} || And He Appeared || 18:1-22:24
|-
| [[Chayei Sarah]], {{lang|he|חַיֵּי שָׂרָה}} || The Life of Sarah || 23:1-25:18
|-
| [[Toledot]], {{lang|he|תּוֹלְדֹת}} || Generations || 25:19-28:9
|-
| [[Vayetze]], {{lang|he|וַיֵּצֵא}} || And He Went Out || 28:10-32:3
|-
| [[Vayishlach]], {{lang|he|וַיִּשְׁלַח}} || And He Sent Out || 32:4-36:43
|-
| [[Vayeshev]], {{lang|he|וַיֵּשֶׁב}} || And He Settled || 37:1-40:23
|-
| [[Miketz]], {{lang|he|מִקֵּץ}} || At the End || 41:1-44:17
|-
| [[Vayigash]], {{lang|he|וַיִּגַּשׁ}} || And He Approached || 44:18-47:27
|-
| [[Vaychi]], {{lang|he|וַיְחִי}} || And He Lived || 47:28-50:26
|-
! rowspan=11 |[[Book of Exodus|Shemot]]<br/>(Exodus): 11
| [[Shemot (parashah)|Shemot]], {{lang|he|שְׁמוֹת}} || Names || Ex. 1:1-6:1
|-
| [[Va'eira]], {{lang|he|וָאֵרָא}} || And I Appeared || 6:2-9:35
|-
| [[Bo (parashah)|Bo]], {{lang|he|בֹּא}} || Come! || 10:1-13:16
|-
| [[Beshalach]], {{lang|he|בְּשַׁלַּח}} || When He Sent Out || 13:17-17:16
|-
| [[Yitro]], {{lang|he|יִתְרוֹ}} || Jethro || 18:1-20:22
|-
| [[Mishpatim]], {{lang|he|מִּשְׁפָּטִים}} || Laws || 21:1-24:18
|-
| [[Terumah (parashah)|Terumah]], {{lang|he|תְּרוּמָה}} || Donation || 25:1-27:19
|-
| [[Tetzaveh]], {{lang|he|תְּצַוֶּה}} || You Shall Command || 27:20-30:10
|-
| [[Ki Tissa]], {{lang|he|כִּי תִשָּׂא}} || When You Count || 30:11-34:35
|-
| *[[Vayakhel]], {{lang|he|וַיַּקְהֵל}} || And He Assembled || 35:1-38:20
|-
| [[Pekudei]], {{lang|he|פְקוּדֵי}} || Accountings || 38:21-40:38
|-
! rowspan=10 |[[Book of Leviticus|Vayikra]]<br/>(Leviticus): 10
| [[Vayikra (parashah)|Vayikra]], {{lang|he|וַיִּקְרָא}} || And He Called || Lev. 1:1-5:26
|-
| [[Tzav]], {{lang|he|צַו}} || Command! || 6:1-8:36
|-
| [[Shemini (parashah)|Shemini]], {{lang|he|שְּׁמִינִי}} || Eighth || 9:1-11:47
|-
| *[[Tazria]], {{lang|he|תַזְרִיעַ}} || She Bears Seed || 12:1-13:59
|-
| [[Metzora (parashah)|Metzora]], {{lang|he|מְּצֹרָע}} || Leprous || 14:1-15:33
|-
| *[[Acharei Mot]], {{lang|he|אַחֲרֵי מוֹת}} || After the Death || 16:1-18:30
|-
| [[Kedoshim]], {{lang|he|קְדֹשִׁים}} || Holy Ones || 19:1-20:27
|-
| [[Emor]], {{lang|he|אֱמֹר}} || Speak! || 21:1-24:23
|-
| *[[Behar]], {{lang|he|בְּהַר}} || On the Mount || 25:1-26:2
|-
| [[Bechukotai]], {{lang|he|בְּחֻקֹּתַי}} || In My Statutes || 26:3-27:34
|-
! rowspan=10 |[[Book of Numbers|Bemidbar]]<br/>(Numbers): 10
| [[Bemidbar (parashah)|Bamidbar]], {{lang|he|בְּמִדְבַּר}} || In the Wilderness || Num. 1:1-4:20
|-
| [[Naso (parashah)|Naso]], {{lang|he|נָשֹׂא}} || Count! || 4:21-7:89
|-
| [[Behaalotecha]], {{lang|he|בְּהַעֲלֹתְךָ}} || When You Raise || 8:1-12:16
|-
| [[Shlach]], {{lang|he|שְׁלַח־לְךָ}} || Send Out! || 13:1-15:41
|-
| [[Korach (parashah)|Korach]], {{lang|he|קֹרַח}} || Korach || 16:1-18:32
|-
| *[[Chukat]], {{lang|he|חֻקַּת}} || Statute || 19:1-22:1
|-
| [[Balak (parashah)|Balak]], {{lang|he|בָּלָק}} || Balak || 22:2-25:9
|-
| [[Pinechas (parashah)|Pinchas]], {{lang|he|פִּינְחָס}} || Phineas || 25:10-30:1
|-
| *[[Matot]], {{lang|he|מַּטּוֹת}} || Tribes || 30:2-32:42
|-
| [[Masei]], {{lang|he|מַסְעֵי}} || Journeys || 33:1-36:13
|-
! rowspan=11 |[[Book of Deuteronomy|Devarim]]<br/>(Deuteronomy): 11
| [[Devarim (parashah)|Devarim]], {{lang|he|דְּבָרִים}} || Words || Deut. 1:1-3:22
|-
| [[Va'etchanan]], {{lang|he|וָאֶתְחַנַּן}} || And I Pleaded || 3:23-7:11
|-
| [[Eikev]], {{lang|he|עֵקֶב}} || As a Consequence || 7:12-11:25
|-
| [[Re'eh]], {{lang|he|רְאֵה}} || See! || 11:26-16:17
|-
| [[Shofetim (parashah)|Shoftim]], {{lang|he|שֹׁפְטִים}} || Judges || 16:18-21:9
|-
| [[Ki Teitzei]], {{lang|he|כִּי־תֵצֵא}} || When You Go Out || 21:10-25:19
|-
| [[Ki Tavo]], {{lang|he|כִּי־תָבוֹא}} || When You Come In || 26:1-29:8
|-
| *[[Nitzavim]], {{lang|he|נִצָּבִים}} || Standing || 29:9-30:20
|-
| [[Vayelech]], {{lang|he|וַיֵּלֶךְ}} || And He Went || 31:1-31:30
|-
| [[Haazinu]], {{lang|he|הַאֲזִינוּ}} || Listen! || 32:1-32:52
|-
| [[V'Zot HaBerachah]], {{lang|he|וְזֹאת הַבְּרָכָה}} || And This Is the Blessing || 33:1-34:12
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Judaism}}
* [[Chumash (Judaism)|Chumash]]
* [[Haftarah]]
* [[Hebrew cantillation]]
* [[Lectionary]]
* [[Sefer Torah]]
* [[Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum]]
* [[Tanakh]]
* [[Tikkun (book)]]
* [[Weekly Maqam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Audio files of cantillation}}

* [https://www.alephbeta.org/weekly-torah-portion Description of each weekly Torah portion]. ''Aleph Beta''.
* [http://www.hebcal.com/sedrot/ Links to the Hebrew text for weekly Torah portions]. ''Hebcal Jewish Calendar''.
* [http://eteacherbiblical.com/bible-study/torah-portion Weekly Torah portion videos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315094244/http://eteacherbiblical.com/bible-study/torah-portion |date=2015-03-15 }}
* The weekly parshah in Hebrew
* [https://shiur.com/category.php?cat=torah-portion The weekly parsha in many languages and by famous rabbis]

{{Weekly Torah Portions}}
{{Shabbat}}
{{Torah reading}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Weekly Torah Portion}}
[[Category:Weekly Torah readings| ]]
[[Category:Jewish life cycle]]
[[Category:Shacharit for Shabbat and Yom Tov]]