View source for Walter Reed Army Medical Center

{{About||the hospital in Bethesda, Maryland|Walter Reed National Military Medical Center|other uses|Walter Reed (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Walter Reed Army Medical Center
| image = Walter Reed Army Hospital, Washington, D.C., prior to its closing in 2011.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption = Walter Reed Medical Center's Building 1 prior to its 2011 closing
| start_date = 1 May 1909
| disbanded = 27 August 2011
| country = {{flagu|United States|1960|size=23px}}
| allegiance = 
| branch = {{army|United States|size=23px}}
| type = [[Hospital]]
| role = Militarized healthcare
| size = 
| command_structure = 
| notable_commanders = LTG [[Kevin C. Kiley]] (2002 – June 2004; 1–2 March 2007)<br />MG [[Kenneth L. Farmer Jr.]] (June 2004 – 25 Aug. 2006)<br />MG. [[George W. Weightman]] (25 Aug. 2006 – 1 March 2007)<br />MG Carla Hawley-Bowland (final commander)
| garrison = 
| ceremonial_chief = 
| colonel_of_the_regiment = 
| nickname = 
| patron = 
| motto = "We Provide Warrior Care"
| colors = 
| march = 
| mascot = 
| battles = 
| decorations = [[Superior Unit Award]]<ref name="US Army HR Unit Awards">{{cite|url=https://www.hrc.army.mil/wcmt-api/sites/default/wcmtfiles/files/16333_0.pdf|title=Army General Orders Unit Awards Index|date=2015-10-13 |publisher=[[US Army]]}}</ref>
| anniversaries = 
}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name                = Walter Reed Army Medical Center
| org_group           = [[Walter Reed Health Care System]]
| logo                = <!-- optional -->
| logo_size           = <!-- optional -->
| image               = Walter Reed Army Medical Center distinctive unit insignia.png
| image_size          = 100px
| caption             = The WRAMC [[distinctive unit insignia]]
| pushpin_map         = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| location            = 8901 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20889
| region              = 
| state               = [[Bethesda, Maryland]] <!--placed here so infobox can find associated list-->
| country             = US <!--needed for infobox-->
| coordinates         = {{coord|38.975|-77.03|region:US-DC|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| healthcare          = Military
| type                = General
| speciality          = <!-- if devoted to a speciality (ie not a broad spectrum of specialities) and Type=Specialist/Teaching -->
| standards           = <!-- optional if no national standards -->
| emergency           = <!-- UK/IR/HK/SG: Yes/No, CA/US: I/II/III for Trauma certification level -->
| affiliation         = 
| patron              = <!-- the individual who acts as the hospital patron -->
| beds                = 
| founded             = 1 May 1909
| closed              = <!-- optional -->
| website             = {{URL|http://www.wrnmmc.capmed.mil/SitePages/home.aspx|Walter Reed National Military Center}}
| other_links         = <!-- optional -->
| nrhp                =
{{Infobox NRHP
  | embed = yes
  | name = Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) Historic District
  | image =
  | caption =
  | location =
  | area =
  | built =
  | architect =
  | architecture =
  | governing_body =
  | refnum = 15000061
  | added = 9 March 2015
  }}
}}

The '''Walter Reed Army Medical Center''' ('''WRAMC'''), officially known as '''Walter Reed General Hospital''' ('''WRGH''') until 1951, was the [[United States Army|U.S. Army's]] flagship medical center from 1909 to 2011. Located on {{convert|113|acre}} in [[Washington, D.C.]], it served more than 150,000 active and retired personnel from all branches of the [[United States Armed Forces]]. The center was named after [[Walter Reed]], a [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] physician and Major who led the team that confirmed that [[yellow fever]] is transmitted by [[mosquito]]es rather than direct physical contact.

Since its origins, medical care at the facility grew from a bed capacity of 80 patients to approximately 5,500 rooms covering more than {{convert|28|acre}} of floor space. WRAMC combined with the [[National Naval Medical Center]] at [[Bethesda, Maryland]], in 2011 to form the tri-service [[Walter Reed National Military Medical Center]] (WRNMMC). The grounds and historic buildings of the old campus are being redeveloped as [[The Parks at Walter Reed]].<ref name=abouttheparks>{{cite web|url=https://theparksdc.com/about/|title=About|date=19 April 2018 |publisher=The Parks at Walter Reed|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>

==History==

===Origins at Fort McNair===
[[Fort Lesley J. McNair]], located in the southwest of the District of Columbia on land set aside by [[George Washington]] as a military reservation, is the third oldest [[U.S. Army]] installation in continuous use in the United States after [[West Point]] and [[Carlisle Barracks]]. Its position at the confluence of the [[Anacostia River]] and the [[Potomac River]] made it an excellent site for the defense of the nation's capital. Dating back to 1791, the post served as an arsenal, played an important role in the nation's defense, and housed the first U.S. Federal Penitentiary from 1839 to 1862.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Today, Fort McNair enjoys a strong tradition as the intellectual headquarters for defense. Furthermore, with unparalleled vistas of the picturesque waterfront and the opposing [[Virginia]] shoreline, the historic health clinic at Fort McNair, the precursor of today's Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC), overlooks the residences of top officials who choose the famed facility for the delivery of their [[health care]] needs.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

"Walter Reed's Clinic," the location of the present day health clinic at Washington, D.C., occupies what was from 1898 until 1909 the General Hospital at what was then Washington Barracks, long before the post was renamed in honor of Lt. Gen. McNair who was killed in 1944. The hospital served as the forerunner of Walter Reed General Hospital; however, the Victorian era waterfront dispensary remains and is perhaps one of America's most historically significant military medical treatment facilities. It is reported that Walter Reed lived and worked in the facility when he was assigned as Camp Surgeon from 1881 to 1882. After having served on other assignments, he returned as Professor of Medicine and Curator of the [[National Museum of Health and Medicine|Army Medical Museum]]. Some of his epidemiological work included studies at Washington Barracks, and he is best known for discovering the transmission of yellow fever. In 1902, [[Major (rank)|Major]] Reed underwent emergency surgery here for [[appendicitis]] and died of complications in this U.S. Army Medical Treatment Facility (MTF), within the very walls of what became his final military duty assignment.<ref>Adler, 2014</ref>

Regarding the structure itself, since the 1890s the health clinic was used as an Army General Hospital where physicians, [[corpsmen]] and nurses were trained in military health care. In 1899, the [[morgue]] was constructed which now houses the [[Dentistry|Dental]] Clinic, and in 1901 the hospital became an entirely separate [[command (military formation)|command]]. This new organizational command relocated eight years later with the aide of horse-drawn wagons and an experimental steam driven ambulance in 1909. Departing from the 50-bed hospital, as documented in The Army Nursing Newsletter, Volume 99, Issue 2, February 2000,<ref name="wramchist">{{cite web|url=http://www.narmc.amedd.army.mil/|title=Regional Health Command – Atlantic – Home|website=www.narmc.amedd.army.mil|access-date=2 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628051255/http://www.narmc.amedd.army.mil/|archive-date=28 June 2008}}</ref> they set out due north transporting with them 11 [[patients]] initially to the new 65-bed facility in the northern aspect of the capital. Having departed Ft. McNair, the organization has since developed into the Walter Reed Army Medical Center that we know today.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

As for the facility they left behind at Fort McNair, it functioned in a smaller role as a post hospital until 1911 when the west wing was converted into a clinic.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

===Walter Reed General Hospital and WRAMC===
Congressional legislation appropriated $192,000 for the construction of Walter Reed General Hospital<ref name= underway>{{cite news |title= Hospital Under Way |newspaper= The Washington Post |date= February 3, 1907 |page= R7 |id= {{ProQuest|144711780}} |url= https://www.newspapers.com/image/31594655/?match=1&terms=%22Walter%20Reed%20General%20Hospital%22 }}</ref> (WRGH, now known as "Building 1"). The firm of Marah & Peter did the architectural designs, and Cramp & Company was awarded the construction contract.<ref name= underway/> was the Construction began in 1907.<ref name= underway/> The first ten patients were admitted on 1 May 1909. Lieutenant Colonel [[William Cline Borden]] was the initiator, planner and effective mover for the creation, location, and first Congressional support of the Medical Center. Due to his efforts, the facility was nicknamed "Borden's Dream."<ref name="wramchist 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wramc.amedd.army.mil/welcome/history/|title=Major Walter Reed, Medical Corps, U.S. Army.|access-date=2 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023070838/http://www.wramc.amedd.army.mil/welcome/history/|archive-date=23 October 2007}}</ref>

In 1923, General [[John J. Pershing]] signed the War Department order creating the "Army Medical Center" (AMC) within the same campus as the WRGH. (At this time, the [[Army Medical School]] was relocated from 604 Louisiana Avenue and became the "Medical Department Professional Service School" (MDPSS) in the new [[Building 40 (Army Medical School)|Building 40]].) Pershing lived at Walter Reed from 1944 until his death there 15 July 1948.

[[File:Walter Reed Hospital 1919 LOC 6a34053u.jpg|thumb|400px|left|The Walter Reed General Hospital (main building with cupola in distance at far left) in September, 1919. The WRGH was the precursor to WRAMC.]]

In September 1951, "General Order Number 8" combined the WRGH with the AMC, and the entire complex of 100 rose-brick [[Georgian Revival architecture|Georgian Revival style]] buildings was at that time renamed the "Walter Reed Army Medical Center" (WRAMC). In June 1955, the [[Armed Forces Institute of Pathology]] (AFIP) occupied the new Building 54 and, in November, what had been MDPSS was renamed the [[Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]] (WRAIR). 1964 saw the birth of the [[Walter Reed Army Institute of Nursing]] (WRAIN). Former President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] died at WRAMC on 28 March 1969.

Starting in 1972, a huge new WRAMC building (Building 2) was constructed and made ready for occupation by 1977. WRAIR moved from Building 40 to a large new facility on the WRAMC [[Forest Glen Annex]] in Maryland in 1999. Subsequently, Building 40 was slated for renovation under an [[enhanced use lease]] by a private developer.

In 2007, the [[University of Pennsylvania]] and WRAMC established a partnership whereby [[proton therapy]] technology would be available to treat United States military personnel and veterans in the [[Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine]]'s new Roberts Proton Therapy Center.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pennmedicine.org/perelman/proton/walter_reed.html |title=Collaborative Research Effort with the United States Military &#124; Roberts Proton Therapy Center |publisher=Pennmedicine.org |access-date=2013-04-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601004836/http://www.pennmedicine.org/perelman/proton/walter_reed.html |archive-date=2013-06-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmid=17668956 | volume=6 | issue=4 Suppl | title=The University of Pennsylvania/Walter Reed Army Medical Center proton therapy program |date=August 2007 | journal=Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. | pages=73–76| last1=McDonough | first1=J. | last2=Tinnel | first2=B. | doi=10.1177/15330346070060S412 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

===2007 neglect scandal===
{{Main|Walter Reed Army Medical Center neglect scandal}}
<!-- Two or three summary paragraphs would be sufficient. If you're adding detailed information regarding the scandal, consider editing the main article on the topic. -->

In February 2007, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' published a series of investigative articles outlining cases of alleged neglect (physical deterioration of housing quarters outside hospital grounds, bureaucratic nightmares, etc.) at WRAMC as reported by outpatient soldiers and their families. A scandal and media furor quickly developed resulting in the firing of the WRAMC commanding general [[George W. Weightman|Maj. Gen. George W. Weightman]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics|title=Politics News – Breaking Political News, Video & Analysis|website=ABC News|access-date=2 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601232134/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/|archive-date=1 June 2017}}</ref> the resignation of [[Secretary of the Army]] [[Francis J. Harvey]] (reportedly at the request of [[US Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[Robert Gates]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070302/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/walter_reed|title=Army secretary resigns in scandal's wake|access-date=2 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231052904/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070302/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/walter_reed/|archive-date=31 December 2015}}</ref>), the forced resignation of Lt. Gen. Kevin C. Kiley, hospital commander from 2002 to 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070312/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/walter_reed|title=Army's Kiley ousted in Walter Reed furor|access-date=2 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317154346/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070312/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/walter_reed|archive-date=17 March 2007}}</ref> Congressional committee hearings were called and numerous politicians weighed in on the matter including President [[George W. Bush]], who had appointed Harvey, and Vice-president [[Dick Cheney]]. Several independent governmental investigations are ongoing and the controversy has spread to other military health facilities and the [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|Department of Veterans Affairs]] health care system.

===2005 BRAC recommendation and 2011 closure===
[[File:George W. Bush at Walter Reed.jpg|thumb|[[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush]] and [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Laura Bush]] visit Sgt. Patrick Hagood of [[Anderson, South Carolina]] on October 5, 2005.]]
As part of a [[Base Realignment and Closure, 2005|Base Realignment and Closure]] announcement on 13 May 2005, the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] proposed replacing Walter Reed Army Medical Center with a new [[Walter Reed National Military Medical Center]] (WRNMMC); the new center would be on the grounds of the [[National Naval Medical Center]] in Bethesda, Maryland, {{convert|7|mi|km|spell=in}} from WRAMC's location in Washington, D.C. The proposal was part of a program to transform medical facilities into joint facilities, with staff including Army, Navy, and Air Force medical personnel.

On 25 August 2005, the BRAC Committee recommended passage of the plans for the WRNMMC. The transfer of services from the existing to the new facilities was gradual to allow for continuity of care for the thousands of service members, retirees and family members that depended upon WRAMC. The end of operations at the WRAMC facility occurred on 27 August 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/08/27/washington.military.hospital/|title=Walter Reed Army Medical Center closes its doors in final ceremony|date=27 August 2011|publisher=CNN|access-date=16 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628160410/http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/08/27/washington.military.hospital/|archive-date=28 June 2015}}</ref> The Army says the cost of closing that hospital and consolidating it with Bethesda Naval Medical Center in suburban Maryland more than doubled to $2.6 billion since the plan was announced in 2005 by the Base Realignment and Closing Commission.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/07/19/washington.military.hospital/index.html | work=CNN | title=Health care difficulties in the Big Easy | date=28 February 2006 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209224734/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-07-19/us/washington.military.hospital_1_patient-transfers-beds-new-hospital?_s=PM:US | archive-date=9 February 2012 }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
Old Walter Reed Main Building 2020a.jpg|Main Building
Old Walter Reed Main Building 2020f.jpg|East wing of Main Building
Old Walter Reed Main Building 2020g.jpg|West wing of Main Building
Old Walter Reed Great Lawn 2020a.jpg|Great Lawn
Old Walter Reed 2020a.jpg|Buildings 8 and 9
Old Walter Reed 2020b.jpg|Building 12
Old Walter Reed 2020d.jpg|Borden Pavilion
Old Walter Reed 2020f.jpg|Building 7
Old Walter Reed 2020i.jpg|Vaccaro Hall
Old Walter Reed Abrams Hall 2020a.jpg|Abrams Hall
Old Walter Reed 2020k.jpg|Wagner Sports Center
Old Walter Reed 2020l.jpg|Mologne House
Old Walter Reed 2020m.jpg|Power plant
Old Walter Reed 2020n.jpg|Doss Memorial Hall
Old Walter Reed 2020o.jpg|Walter Reed Monument
Old Walter Reed Delano Hall 2020a.jpg|Delano Hall
Old Walter Reed 2020r.jpg|Building T20
Old Walter Reed Institute of Pathology 2020b.jpg|[[Armed Forces Institute of Pathology]]
Old Walter Reed 2020s.jpg|Building 21
Old Walter Reed 2020t.jpg|Memorial Chapel
Old Walter Reed 2020u.jpg|Fisher House
Old Walter Reed 2020w.jpg|[[Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]]
Old Walter Reed 2020x.jpg|Building 52
Old Walter Reed 2020y.jpg|Old Red Cross Building
Old Walter Reed 2020z.jpg|Campus map
</gallery>

==Notable patients==
{{incomplete list|date=September 2012}}
*
* [[Creighton W. Abrams]] (1914–1974) US Army Chief of Staff; Deputy Commander and commander, [[Military Assistance Command, Vietnam]].
* [[Joseph Beacham]] (1874–1958) US Army Brigadier General, head football coach at Cornell and the United States Military Academy.
* [[Charles Billingslea]] (1914–1989) US Army Major General, recipient of two [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Crosses]].
* [[Aaron Bradshaw Jr.]] (1894–1976) US Army Major General, Commanding General, Anti-Aircraft Artillery, [[United States Army North|U.S. Fifth Army]] during [[World War II]].
* [[Roger Brooke]] (1878–1940) US Army Brigadier General and physician, Namesake of [[Brooke Army Medical Center]], Fort Sam Houston, Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.amedd.army.mil/biographies/brooke.html|title=Office of Medical History – Brigadier General Roger Brooke|website=history.amedd.army.mil|access-date=2 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003215206/http://history.amedd.army.mil/biographies/brooke.html|archive-date=3 October 2017}}</ref>
* [[Fox Conner]] (1874–1951) US Army major general, Deputy US Army Chief of Staff, "The man who made Eisenhower."
* [[Malin Craig]] (1875–1945) US Army General, US Army Chief of Staff 1935–1939<ref name=obit>{{cite news |title=Gen. Craig Is Dead |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E0DEFD8103BEE3BBC4E51DFB166838E659EDE&legacy=true |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 26, 1945 }}</ref> 
* [[Carl Rogers Darnall]] (1867–1941) US Army Brigadier General and physician. Credited with developing the technique of liquid chlorination of drinking water. Commander of the [[Army Medical Center]] 1929–31. Namesake of  [[Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center]], [[Fort Cavazos]], TX.
* [[Everett M. Dirksen]] (1896–1969) US Senator from Illinois.
* [[William J. Donovan]] (1883–1959) US Army Major General, Medal of Honor recipient and [[Office of Strategic Services]] founder.
* [[John Foster Dulles]] (1888–1959) US Secretary of State; US Senator from New York
* [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] (1890–1969) General of the Army during World War II; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe; 34th President of the United States.
* [[Mamie Eisenhower]] (1896–1979) First Lady of the United States and wife of Dwight D. Eisenhower.
* [[Francis Henry French]] (1857–1921) US Army Major General.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gen Francis Henry French Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1921/03/11/archives/obituary-2-no-title.html |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=11 March 1921 |access-date=2015-01-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305003822/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9503E6D7133CE533A25752C1A9659C946095D6CF |archive-date=5 March 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Leslie R. Groves]] (1896–1970) US Army Lieutenant General, Builder of the [[Pentagon (United States)]] and Leader of the [[Manhattan Project]]
* [[Paul Ramsey Hawley]] (1891–1965) US Army Major General; Chief Surgeon, European Theater of Operations 1943–45; Chief Medical officer, Veterans' Administration 1946–47.
* [[Leonard D. Heaton]] (1902–1983) US Army Lieutenant General. [[Surgeon General of the United States Army]] 1959–69. Commander of Walter Reed 1953–59.
* [[Leland Hobbs|Leland Stanford Hobbs]] (1892–1966). US Army Major General; Commander of IX Corps and 30th Infantry Division in World War II.
* [[Edgar Erskine Hume]] (1889–1952) US Army Major General; Command Surgeon, US Far Eastern Command; Command Surgeon, UN Forces in Korea; Chief Surgeon, US Occupying Force in Austria.
* [[Merritte W. Ireland]] (1867–1952) US Army Major General; [[Surgeon General of the United States Army]] 1918–31. Namesake of [[Ireland Army Community Hospital]], [[Fort Knox]]
* [[Cheddi Jagan]] (1918–1997) 4th [[President of Guyana]], 1st [[List of Prime Ministers of Guyana#Premiers of British Guiana|Premier of British Guiana]], and 1st [[List of Prime Ministers of Guyana#Chief Minister of British Guiana|Chief Minister of British Guiana]]<ref name=Miami>"In the Americas", ''The Miami Herald'' (nl.newsbank.com), 16 February 1997.</ref><ref name=Obit>Larry Rohter, [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E2DA1030F934A35750C0A961958260 "Cheddi Jagan, Guyana's Founder, Dies at 78"], ''The New York Times'', 7 March 1997.</ref>
* [[Norman T. Kirk]] (1888–1960) US Army Major General; [[Surgeon General of the United States Army]] 1943–47.
* [[Julian Robert Lindsey]] (1871−1948), U.S. Brigadier General, Commander, 164th Infantry Brigade, [[82nd Airborne Division|82nd Division]], [[American Expeditionary Forces]]
* [[Douglas MacArthur]] (1880–1964) US General of the Army, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers Southwest Pacific Area, US Army Chief of Staff, and U.S. Military Academy Superintendent.
* [[James C. Magee]] (1883–1975) US Army Major General; [[Surgeon General of the United States Army]] 1939–43.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://history.amedd.army.mil/surgeongenerals/J_Magee.html/ |title=History |access-date=2016-04-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312084008/http://history.amedd.army.mil/surgeongenerals/J_Magee.html |archive-date=2016-03-12 }}</ref>
* [[Mike Mansfield]]  (1903–2001)  US Senator from Montana. US Navy Seamen, US Army Private, and US Marine Corps Private First Class
* [[Peyton C. March]] (1864–1955) US Army Chief of Staff. US Army General <ref>{{cite book|last1=Mossman|first1=Billy C.|last2=Stark|first2=M. Warner|title=The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funerals, 1921–1969|date=1972|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|pages=81–86|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch11.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924045525/http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch11.htm|archive-date=2015-09-24}}</ref>
* [[George C. Marshall|George Catlett Marshall Jr.]] (1880–1959) US General of the Army, US Army Chief of Staff, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Nobel Peace Laureate.
* [[John von Neumann]] (1903–1957), mathematician. Credited with developing the concept of [[mutual assured destruction]].
* [[William Charles Ocker]] (1880–1942) American aviation pioneer, "Father of instrument flying."
* [[Mason Patrick]] (1863–1942) US Army Major General; Chief of United States Air Service; Chief of United States Air Corps<ref name="DuPre">{{cite web |url= https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/105991/mason-m-patrick/|title=U.S. Air Force Biographical Dictionary |last=DuPre |first=Flint |website= United States Air Force |access-date=12 July 2019 }}</ref>
* [[John J. Pershing]] (1860–1948), U.S. [[General of the Armies]], Commander, [[American Expeditionary Forces]] during World War I, US Army Chief of Staff.
* [[Chough Pyung-ok]] (1894–1960) South Korean politician.
* [[Walter L. Reed]] (1877–1956) US Army Major General; [[List of Inspectors General of the U.S. Army|Inspector General of the U.S. Army]]; son of Major [[Walter Reed]], namesake of the hospital<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/centennial/decade5GPO.pdf/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-04-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218164551/https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/centennial/decade5GPO.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-18 }}</ref>
*[[Daniel Isom Sultan]] (1885–1947),U.S. Lieutenant General, CG [[38th Infantry Division (United States)|38th Infantry Division]], CG [[VIII Corps (United States)|VIII Corps]], Deputy Commander [[China Burma India Theater of World War II|Burma-India Theater]], [[List of Inspectors General of the U.S. Army|Inspector General of the U.S. Army]]
* [[William M. Wright]] (1863−1943), U.S. Lieutenant General, CG [[89th Infantry Division (United States)|89th Division]], World War I

==Tenants==
In addition to the WRAMC hospital complex, the WRAMC installation hosted a number of other related activities and organizations.
* The [[North Atlantic Regional Medical Command]]
* The [[North Atlantic Regional Dental Command]]
* The [[Armed Forces Institute of Pathology]] (AFIP)
* The [[Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences]] (USUHS)
* United States Army Institute of Dental Research (USAIDR)
* The [[DOD Deployment Health Clinical Center]]
* The [[National Museum of Health and Medicine]] (NMHM) was co-located in the same building with the AFIP. The NMHM reopened 15 September 2011 on [[Fort Detrick]] [[Forest Glen Annex]] in [[Silver Spring, Maryland|Silver Spring]], [[Maryland]].
* The [[Borden Institute]], a "Center of Excellence in Military Medical Research and Education".
* The [[Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]] (WRAIR), formerly in [[Building 40 (Army Medical School)|Building 40]] on the Georgia Avenue campus. This medical research institute moved to WRAMC's [[Forest Glen Annex]] in 1999. In 2008, authority over the Annex was transferred to [[Fort Detrick]] in preparation for WRAMC's 2011 move/closure.

==Commanding officers==
Although after 1992 officers of any branch of the Army Medical Department could command medical treatment facilities, every commander of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center was a member of the Army Medical Corps.

===Walter Reed Army Medical Center<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cs.amedd.army.mil/FileDownloadpublic.aspx?docid=13007843-cee1-4d4a-96b2-5e19f47be3a9%2F |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 May 2018 |archive-date=27 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427180724/http://www.cs.amedd.army.mil/FileDownloadpublic.aspx?docid=13007843-cee1-4d4a-96b2-5e19f47be3a9%2F |url-status=dead }}</ref>===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!class=unsortable| Image !! class=unsortable|Rank !! Name !! Begin date !! End date !! class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
|[[File:Major General Carla Hawley Bowland.jpeg|75px|Carla G. Hawley-Bowland]]|| [[Major General (United States)|Major General]] || Sortname|Carla G. Hawley-Bowland || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2007|12}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2011|07|29}} || <small>Cased the Medical Center colors</small>
|-
|[[File:LTG Eric Schoomaker.jpg|75px|Eric B. Schoomaker]] || Major General || {{Sortname|Eric B.|Schoomaker}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2007|3}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2007|11}} || <small>Later Surgeon General of the Army</small>
|-
|[[File:Kevin c kiley.jpg|75px|Kevin C. Kiley]] ||[[Lieutenant General (United States)|Lieutenant General]]|| {{Sortname|Kevin C.|Kiley}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2007|03|01}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2007|03|02}} || <small>Simultaneously serving as Surgeon General of the Army</small>
|-
|[[File:Weightman111010211.jpg|75px|George W. Weightman]] || Major General || {{Sortname|George W.|Weightman}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2006|08}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2007|3|01}} ||
|-
|[[File:Kenneth L Farmer.jpg|75px|Kenneth L. Farmer Jr.]] || Major General || {{Sortname|Kenneth L.|Farmer Jr.}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2004|6}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2006|08}} ||
|-
|[[File:Kevin c kiley.jpg|75px|Kevin C. Kiley]] || Major General  || {{Sortname|Kevin C.|Kiley}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2002|06}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2004|06}} || <small>Later Surgeon General of the Army</small>
|-
|[[File:Major General Harold Timboe.jpg|75px|Harold G. Timboe]]|| Major General || Sortname|Harold L. Timboe || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1999|5}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|2002|6}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General Leslie M Burger.jpg|75px|Leslie M. Burger]]|| Major General || Sortname|Leslie M. Burger || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1996|11}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1999|5}} ||
|-
|[[File:Ronald R. Blanck.JPG|75px|Ronald R. Blanck]] ||Major General || {{Sortname|Ronald R.|Blanck}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1992|10}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1996|10}} || <small>Later Surgeon General of the Army</small>
|-
|[[File:Major General Richard D Cameron.jpg|75px|Richard D. Cameron]]|| Major General || Sortname|Richard D. Cameron || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1989|5}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1992|10}} || <small>Later Commanding General, United States Army Health Services Command</small>
|-
|[[File:Colonel James E Hastings.jpg|75px|James E. Hastings]] || [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] || Sortname|James E. Hastings || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1989|3}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1989|5}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General James H. Rumbaugh.jpg|75px|James H. Rumbaugh]] || Major General || Sortname|James H. Rumbaugh || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1988|8}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1989|3}} || <small>Died while in command</small>
|-
|[[File:Major General Lewis Malogne.jpg|75px|Lewis Malogne]] || Major General || Sortname|Louis A. Malogne || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1983|6}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1988|8}} ||<small> Medically retired 1 August 1988; died 22 August 1988</small>
|-
|[[File:Enrique Mendez.jpg|75px|Enrique Méndez Jr.]] ||Major General || {{Sortname|Enrique|Méndez Jr.}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1981|10}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1983|6}} || <small>Later Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)</small>
|-
|[[File:BTMittemeyer.jpg|75px|Bernard T. Mittemeyer]] ||Major General || {{Sortname|Bernard T.|Mittemeyer}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1980|6}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1981|9}} || <small>Later Surgeon General of the Army</small>
|-
|[[File:Major General George I Baker.jpg|75px|George I. Baker]] || Major General || Sortname|George I. Baker || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1978|3}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1980|6}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General Robert Bernstein.jpg|75px|Robert Bernstein]] || Major General || Sortname|Robert Bernstein || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1973|6}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1978|2}} || <small>Previously Command Surgeon, [[Military Assistance Command Vietnam]]</small>
|-
|[[File:Major General William H Moncrief.jpg|75px|William H. Moncrief]] || Major General || Sortname|William H. Moncrief || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1972|5}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1973|4}} ||
|-
|[[File:Brigadier General William H Meroney.jpg|75px|William H Meroney]] ||[[Brigadier General (United States)|Brigadier General]] || Sortname|William H. Meroney || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1972|4}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1972|5}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General Colin F Vorder Bruegge.jpg|75px|Colin F. Vorder Bruegge]] || Major General || Sortname|Colin F. Vorder Brugge || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1971|1}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1972|3}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General Carl W Hughes.jpg|75px|Carl W. Hughes]] || Major General || Sortname|Carl W. Hughes || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1970|11}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1971|1}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General Glenn J Collins.jpg|75px|Glenn J. Collins]] || Major General || Sortname|Glenn J. Collins || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1969|6}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1970|10}} || <small>Previously Commanding General [[44th Medical Brigade (United States)|44th Medical Brigade]] and Command Surgeon, [[United States Army, Vietnam]]</small>
|-
|[[File:Major General Philip W Mallory.jpg|75px|Philip W. Mallory]] || Major General || Sortname|Phillip W. Mallory || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1967|5}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1969|6}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General Douglas O Kendrick.jpg|75px|Douglas O. Kendrick]] || Major General || Sortname|Douglas O. Kendrick || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1965|6}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1967|3}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General Achilles Lacy Tynes.jpg|75px|Achilles Lacy Tynes]] || Major General || Sortname|Achilles L. Tynes || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1962|9}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1965|5}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General Clinton S Lyter.jpg|75px|Clinton S. Lyter]] || Major General || Sortname|Clinton S. Lyter || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1961|5}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1962|9}} ||
|-
| [[File:Major General C F St John.jpg|75px|C. F. St.John]]|| Major General || Sortname|C. F. St. John || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1959|7}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1961|4}} ||
|-
|[[File:Leonard Dudley Heaton.jpg|75px|Leonard D. Heaton]] ||Major General || {{Sortname|Leonard D. |Heaton}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1953|4}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1959|6}} || <small>Later Surgeon General of the Army</small>
|-
|[[File:Major General Paul H Streit.jpg|75px|Paul H. Streit]] || Major General || Sortname|Paul H. Streit || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1951|9}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1953|3}} ||
|- -->
|}

===The Army Medical Center<ref name="army.mil">{{cite web |url=https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/borden/Back_matter.pdf/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-04-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216192827/https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/borden/Back_matter.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-16 }}</ref>===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!class=unsortable| Image !! class=unsortable|Rank !! Name !! Begin date !! End date !! class=unsortable|Notes
|-
|[[File:Major General Paul H Streit.jpg|75px|Paul H. Streit]] || Major General || Sortname|Paul H. Streit || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1949|1}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1951|2}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General George C Beach.jpg|75px|George C. Beach]] || Major General || Sortname|George C. Beach || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1946|3}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1948|11}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major General Shelley U Marietta.jpg|75px|Shelley U. Marietta]] || Major General || Sortname|Shelly U. Marietta || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1941|2}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1946|2}} ||
|-
|[[File:Brigadier General Raymond F Metcalf.jpg|75px|Raymond F. Metcalf]] || Brigadier General || Sortname|Raymond F. Metcalfe || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1939|12}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1941|1}} ||
|-
|[[File:Brigadier General Wallace C DeWitt.jpg|75px|Wallace C. DeWitt]] || Brigadier General || Sortname|Wallace C. DeWitt || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1935|8}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1939|12}} || <small>Namesake of former [[Fort Belvoir Community Hospital|DeWitt Army Community Hospital]], Fort Belvoir, Virginia</small>
|-
|[[File:Brigadier General Albert E Truby.jpg|75px|Albert E. Truby]] || Brigadier General || Sortname|Albert E. Truby || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1932|1}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1935|7}} || <small>As a lieutenant, Truby served under [[Walter Reed]] in Cuba during the yellow fever experiments</small>
|-
|[[File:BG Carl Rogers Darnall.JPG|75 px|Carl R. Darnall]]|| Brigadier General || {{Sortname|Carl R.|Darnall}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1929|12}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1931|12}} || <small> Namesake of [[Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center]], Fort Cavazos, Texas</small>
|-
|[[File:Brigadier General James M Kennedy.jpg|75px|James M. Kennedy]] || Brigadier General || Sortname|James M. Kennedy || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1926|3}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1929|12}} ||
|-
|[[File:Brigadier General James D Glennan.jpeg|75px|James D. Glennan]]|| Brigadier General || Sortname|[[James Denver Glennan|James D. Glennan]] || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1919|3}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1926|3}} ||
|- -->
|}

===Walter Reed General Hospital<ref name="army.mil"/>===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!class=unsortable| Image !! class=unsortable|Rank !! Name !! Begin date !! End date !! class=unsortable|Notes
|-
|[[File:Brigadier General James D Glennan.jpeg|75px|James D. Glennan]]|| Brigadier General || Sortname|[[James Denver Glennan|James D. Glennan]] || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1919|3}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1926|3}} ||
|-
|[[File:Colonel Edward R Schreiner.jpeg|75px|Edward R. Schreiner]] || Colonel || Sortname|Edward R. Schreiner || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1918|8}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1919|3}}||
 |-
|[[File:Colonel Willard F Truby.jpg|75px|Willard F. Truby]] || Colonel || Sortname|Willard F. Truby || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1917|11}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1918|8}} ||
|-
|[[File:Colonel Charles P Mason.jpg|75px|Charles P. Mason]] || Colonel || Sortname|Charles P. Mason || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1916|10}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1917|11}} ||
|-
|[[File:Major Percy M Ashburn.jpg|75px|Percy M. Ashburn]] || [[Major (United States)|Major]]|| Sortname|[[Percy Moreau Ashburn|Percy M. Ashburn]] || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1915|9}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1916|10}} ||
|-
|[[File:Colonel John L Philips.jpg|75px|John L. Phillips]] || Colonel || Sortname|John L. Phillips || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1914|5}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1915|9}} ||
|-
|[[File:Colonel Henry C Fisher.jpeg|75px|Henry C. "Pinky" Fisher]] || Colonel || Sortname|Henry C. "Pinky" Fisher || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1913|8}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1914|5}} ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/borden/Chapt06.pdf/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216175350/https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/borden/Chapt06.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-16 }}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Colonel E P Birmingham.jpg|75px|H. P. Birmingham]] || Colonel || Sortname|H. P. Birmingham || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1912|10}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1913|5}} ||
|-
|[[File:Colonel Charles Richard.jpg|75px|Charles Richard]] || Colonel || Sortname|Charles Richard || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1911|9}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1912|9}} ||
|-
|[[File:Colonel William H Arthur.jpg|75px|William Hemple Arthur]] || Colonel || Sortname|[[William Hemple Arthur|William H. Arthur]] || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1908|6|1}} || align=center| {{Dts|format=dmy|1911|7|11}} ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/borden/Chapt05.pdf/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216171220/https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/other_pub/borden/Chapt05.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-16 }}</ref><small>Worked with Major Walter Reed at the Army Medical Bacteriological Laboratory while stationed at Fort Myer, Virginia, 1895–1897. Retired as a brigadier general in 1918.</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stimson.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15290coll6/id/836/rec/2/|title=Brigadier General William H. Arthur (1856-1936) :: Army Medical Bulletin, 1922-1949|website=stimson.contentdm.oclc.org|access-date=2 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507210038/http://stimson.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15290coll6/id/836/rec/2/|archive-date=7 May 2016}}</ref>
|- -->
|}

==See also==
* [[List of former United States Army medical units]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in the upper NW Quadrant of Washington, D.C.]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Adler, Jessica L. "The Founding of Walter Reed General Hospital and the Beginning of Modern Institutional Army Medical Care in the United States." ''Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences'' (2014) 69#4 pp.&nbsp;521–53.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/walter-reed/index.html ''Walter Reed and Beyond'' – A Washington Post Investigation]
* [https://www.army.mil/-news/2007/03/18/2297-army-announces-wounded-soldier-hotline/ Wounded Soldiers Hotline]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/17/AR2007021701172.html Soldiers face neglect, frustration at army's top medical facility]
* [http://www.studentcam.org/winners_2007.asp/ Award winning student film on the controversy at Walter Reed]
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.2569509|name=Big Picture: The Soldier Patient}}
* [http://watch.weta.org/video/1376845623 Walter Reed Army Medical Center]  Documentary produced by [[WETA-TV]]

{{Hospitals in DC}}
{{Bethesda, Maryland}}
{{US Army MEDCOM navbox}}
{{DCMilitary}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Walter Reed Army Medical Center| ]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Military hospitals in the United States]]
[[Category:Military facilities in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Former installations of the United States Army|Medical]]
[[Category:United States Army posts]]
[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1909]]
[[Category:Historic districts in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1909]]
[[Category:1909 establishments in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Georgian Revival architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Military installations established in 1909]]
[[Category:Military installations closed in 2011]]