View source for Wallis and Futuna

{{short description|Overseas collectivity of France}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Expand French|section=yes|fa=yes|topic=hist|Histoire de Wallis-et-Futuna|date=May 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox dependency
| name = Wallis and Futuna
| native_name = {{nobold|{{native name|fr|Wallis-et-Futuna}}}}<br />{{resize|80%|{{nobold|''ʻUvea mo Futuna''}}}} {{small|([[Wallisian language|Wallisian]] and [[Futunan language|Futunan]])}}
| settlement_type = [[Overseas collectivity|Overseas collectivity of France]]
| official_name = Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands<br />{{nobold|{{native name|fr|Territoire des îles Wallis-et-Futuna}}}}
| image_flag = Flag of Wallis and Futuna.svg
| flag_type = [[Flag of Wallis and Futuna|Flag (unofficial)]]
| flag_size  = 135px
| image_shield = BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg
| shield_size = 88px
| motto = {{native phrase|fr|"[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]"|italics=off}} ({{Langx|en|"Liberty, equality, fraternity"}})
| anthem = {{lang|fr|[[La Marseillaise]]}}<br/>{{Small|("The Marseillaise")}}<br/>{{Center|[[File:La Marseillaise.ogg]]}}
| image_map = Wallis and Futuna in France (zoomed).svg
| map_alt = Location of Wallis and Futuna
| map_caption = Location of Wallis and Futuna
| mapsize = 290px
| image_map2 = Carte de Wallis-et-Futuna.png
| subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|France}}
| established_title = Protectorate over [[Wallis (island)|Wallis]]
| established_date = 5 April 1887
| established_title2 = Protectorate over [[Alo (Wallis and Futuna)|Alo]] and [[Sigave]]
| established_date2 = 16 February 1888
| established_title3 = Separation from [[New Caledonia]]
| established_date3 = 29 July 1961
| established_title4 = Current status
| established_date4 = 28 March 2003
| official_languages = [[French language|French]]
| common_languages = {{hlist|[[Wallisian language|Wallisian]]|[[Futunan language|Futunan]]}}
| capital = [[Mata Utu]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|13|17|S|176|11|W|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| demonym = {{hlist|Wallisian|Futunan}}
| government_type = [[Devolution|Devolved]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[Dependent territory|dependency]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of France]]
| leader_name1 = [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| leader_title2 = [[Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna|Administrator Superior]]
| leader_name2 = [[Hervé Jonathan]]
| leader_title3 = [[Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna|Assembly President]]
| leader_name3 = [[Munipoese Muli'aka'aka]]
| leader_title4 = [[List of kings of Uvea|King]] of [[Wallis (island)|Uvea]]
| leader_name4 = [[Patalione Kanimoa]]
| leader_title5 = [[List of kings of Alo|King]] of [[Alo (Wallis and Futuna)|Alo]]
| leader_name5 = Lino Leleivai
| leader_title6 = [[List of kings of Sigave|King]] of [[Sigave]]
| leader_name6 = Eufenio Takala
| legislature = [[Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna|Territorial Assembly]]
| national_representation = [[French Parliament]]
| national_representation_type1 = [[Senate (France)|Senate]]
| national_representation1 = [[List of senators of Wallis and Futuna|1 senator]] (of 348)
| national_representation_type2 = [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]
| national_representation2 = [[List of constituencies of the National Assembly of France#Wallis and Futuna (986) – 1 seat|1 seat]] (of 577)
| area_km2 = 142.42
| area_rank = 
| percent_water = negligible
| elevation_max_m = 524
| elevation_max_ft = 1719
| population_census = 11,151
| population_census_year = 2023<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{cite web | url=https://citypopulation.de/en/wallisfutuna/cities/ | title=Wallis and Futuna: Islands, Districts & Major Villages - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information }}</ref>
| population_estimate = 
| population_census_rank = not ranked
| population_estimate_year = 
| population_density_km2 = 78.3
| population_density_sq_mi = 216.4 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
| population_density_rank = not ranked
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_rank = 
| GDP_PPP_year =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal = US$212&nbsp;million<ref name=GDP>{{cite web |url=https://www.cerom-outremer.fr/wallis-et-futuna/publications/etudes-cerom/evaluation-du-pib-de-wallis-et-futuna-en-2019.html |title=Évaluation du PIB de Wallis-et-Futuna en 2019  |author=INSEE, CEROM |access-date=2025-02-22 |language=fr}}</ref>
| GDP_nominal_year = 2019
| GDP_nominal_rank = 
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = US$18,360<ref name=GDP />
| currency = [[CFP franc]] (₣)
| currency_code = XPF
| timezone =
| utc_offset = +12:00
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[+681]]
| postal_code_type = [[INSEE code]]
| postal_code = 986
| iso_code = {{hlist|[[ISO 3166-2:WF|WF]]|[[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-WF]]}}
| cctld = [[.wf]] and [[.fr]]
}}

'''Wallis and Futuna''', officially the '''Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands'''{{efn-ua|{{langx|fr|Wallis-et-Futuna}} {{IPA|fr|walis e futuna|}} or ''{{lang|fr|Territoire des îles Wallis-et-Futuna}}'', [[Fakauvea]] and [[Futunan language|Fakafutuna]]: ''{{lang|wls|ʻUvea mo Futuna}}''}}<ref>{{cite French law|number or usual name=n<sup>o</sup> 61-814|date in French=29 juillet 1961 |full name=conférant aux îles Wallis-et-Futuna le statut de territoire d'outre-mer |language=French |URL=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000684031&categorieLien=cid}}.</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɒ|l|ᵻ|s|...|f|uː|ˈ|t|uː|n|ə|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-Wallis and Futuna.wav}}), is a French island [[territorial collectivity|collectivity]] in the [[Oceania|South Pacific]], situated between [[Tuvalu]] to the northwest, [[Fiji]] to the southwest, [[Tonga]] to the southeast, [[Samoa]] to the east, and [[Tokelau]] to the northeast.

[[Mata Utu]] is its capital and largest city. Wallis and Futuna is associated with the [[European Union]] as an [[Overseas Countries and Territories|overseas country and territory (OCT)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The European Union and Wallis and Futuna {{!}} EEAS |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/european-union-and-wallis-and-futuna_en |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=www.eeas.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> The territory's land area is {{convert|142.42|km2|abbr=on}}. It had a population of 11,151 at the July 2023 census (down from 14,944 at the 2003 census).<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{cite web | url=https://citypopulation.de/en/wallisfutuna/cities/ | title=Wallis and Futuna: Islands, Districts & Major Villages - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information }}</ref> The territory is made up of three main [[volcano|volcanic]] [[tropical island]]s and a number of tiny [[islets]]. It is divided into two island groups that lie about {{convert|260|km|abbr=on}} apart: the [[Wallis Island]]s (also known as [[Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)|Uvea]]) in the northeast; and the [[Hoorn Islands]] (also known as the Futuna Islands) in the southwest, including [[Futuna Island, Wallis and Futuna|Futuna Island]] proper and the mostly uninhabited [[Alofi Island]].

Since 28 March 2003, Wallis and Futuna has been a [[Overseas collectivity|French overseas collectivity]] ({{lang|fr|[[collectivité d'outre-mer]]}}, or {{lang|fr|COM}}).<ref name="Wallis-et-Futuna">{{cite web |url=http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/wallis-et-futuna |title=Wallis-et-Futuna |website=outre-mer.gouv.fr |language=fr |access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> Between 1961 and 2003, it had the status of a French overseas territory ({{lang|fr|[[territoire d'outre-mer]]}}, or {{lang|fr|TOM}}). Its official name did not change with the change in its status.

== History ==
[[File:Wallis island picture by Samuel Wallis, ca 1767.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.3|Drawing of Wallis Island by Captain [[Samuel Wallis]] in 1767]]
[[File:Coastal view of Wallis Island by Cook (1773).jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.3|Coastal view of Wallis island by Captain [[James Cook]] in 1773]]
[[File:Talietumu.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.3|Ruins of the [[Talietumu|Talietumu fort]]]]

=== Early humans ===
The earliest signs of human habitation on these islands are artifacts characteristic of the [[Lapita culture]], dating roughly to between 850 and 800 BCE. The islands served as natural stopover points for boat traffic, mostly between [[Fiji]] and [[Samoa]]. During Tongan invasions in the 15th and 16th centuries, the islands defended themselves with varying levels of resistance, but also accepted varying degrees of assimilation. Futuna retained more of its pre-[[Tongan culture|Tongan cultural features]], while Wallis underwent greater fundamental changes in its society, language, and culture.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Sand |first=Christophe |year=2006 |title=A View from the West: Samoa in the Culture History of 'Uvea (Wallis) and Futuna (Western Polynesia) |journal=The Journal of Sāmoa Studies |volume=2 |pages=5–15}}</ref> The original inhabitants built forts and other identifiable structures on the islands (many of which are in ruins), some of which are still partially intact. Oral history and archaeological evidence suggests that the Tongan invaders re-occupied and modified some of these structures. The oral history also preserves a cultural memory of relationships between Samoa and Futuna that are so longstanding that they are described in the islanders' origin stories.<ref name=":0"/>

===European settlements===
Futuna was first put on European maps by [[Willem Schouten]] and [[Jacob Le Maire]], during their [[circumnavigation]] of the globe, in 1616. They named the islands of Futuna "Hoornse Eylanden", after the Dutch town of [[Hoorn]] where they hailed from. This was later translated into French, as "Isles de Horne". The Wallis Islands are named after the British explorer [[Samuel Wallis]], who sailed past them in 1767, after being the first European to visit [[Tahiti]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.guampedia.com/pop-cultures-wallis-and-futuna/ |title=POP Culture: Wallis and Futuna |website=Guampedia|date=16 December 2015 |access-date=2017-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Wallis Archipelago|volume=28|page=285}}</ref> The French were the first Europeans to settle in the territory,<ref>{{Cite web |title= POP Cultures: Wallis and Futuna |url=https://www.guampedia.com/pop-cultures-wallis-and-futuna/|access-date=2021-05-24 |website=www.guampedia.com|date=16 December 2015 }}</ref> with the arrival of French [[missionary|missionaries]] in 1837, who converted the population to Roman Catholicism. [[Peter Chanel|Pierre Chanel]], [[canonization|canonized]] in 1954, is a major [[patron saint]] of the island of Futuna and of the region.

On 5 April 1842, the missionaries asked for the protection of France, after the uprising of part of the local population. {{citation needed|date=November 2025}} On 5 April 1887, the queen of [[Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)|Uvea]] (of the traditional [[chiefdom]] of Wallis) signed a treaty, officially establishing a French [[protectorate]]. The kings of [[Sigave]] and [[Alo (Wallis and Futuna)|Alo]] (on the islands of Futuna and [[Alofi]]) also signed a treaty establishing a French protectorate, on 16 February 1888. From that moment, the islands were officially under the authority of the [[French colonial empire|French colony]] of [[New Caledonia]].

In 1917, the three traditional kingdoms of Uvea, Sigave, and Alo were [[annexation|annexed]] by France, integrated into the colony of Wallis and Futuna, and remained under the authority of the colony of New Caledonia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NA19171004.2.5 |title=WALLIS ISLAND. |work=Northern Advocate |page=1 |date=4 October 2017 |access-date=18 June 2022 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

===French protectorate and World War II===
{{Main|Wallis and Futuna during the Second World War}}
[[File:Îles Wallis - Indigènes (Kersaint).jpg|thumb|A group of Wallisian people on Wallis Island (''Uvea'') photographed by sailors of the French ship Kersaint between 1907 and 1919]]
A few merchants and shipwreck survivors settled in Wallis and Futuna, but European presence only became significant in the 19th century with the arrival of Catholic missionaries in 1837. The two islands were converted to Catholicism by the Marist fathers [[Peter Chanel|Pierre Chanel]] in Futuna and [[Pierre Bataillon]] in Wallis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pechberty |first=Dominique |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=YDCbrLQtL_8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Vivre la coutume à ʻUvea (Wallis) |last2=Toa |first2=Epifania |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2005 |page=25}}</ref> Futuna experienced several conflicts between its two kingdoms, each wanting to dominate the other. This led to the Vai War, which caused around sixty deaths in total. In the 21st century, the population is predominantly Catholic.

Queen [[Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki|Amelia Tokagahahau]] of Wallis signed a [[Protectorate of Wallis and Futuna|protectorate treaty]], ratified by France on 5 April 1887. A year later, the kings of Futuna—Anise Tamole of Sigave and Setefano Tuikalepa of Alo—also requested attachment to France. The kings of Futuna and Wallis retained full customary authority over their subjects.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Soulé |first=Marc |title=Révoltes, conflits et Guerres mondiales en Nouvelle-Calédonie et dans sa région |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2008 |isbn=9782296051225 |editor-last=Boubin-Boyer |editor-first=Sylvette |chapter=Les bouleversements de la société coutumière lors de la présence américaine à Wallis (1942 - 1946)}}</ref> There was no true colonization in Wallis and Futuna, as the authority of the French resident was limited to external affairs. This situation continued in Futuna until 1961, as the administration only established itself on the island in 1959.<ref name=":3" /> The inhabitants continued to live as they had before. In 1913, a proposal for annexation by France was presented by Resident Brochard, but it did not succeed. In 1922, annexation was considered too costly by France and was abandoned.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roux |first=Jean-Claude |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=R6WqaV8vPJ4C&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Wallis et Futuna : espaces et temps recomposés : chroniques d'une micro-insularité |publisher=Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux |year=1995 |pages=134-138}}</ref>
[[File:American army in Wallis island in 1942 - unloading a 155mm coast artillery gun.jpg|thumb|The U.S. Army installs a military base in Wallis from May 1942 to June 1944.]]
{{Campaignbox Vichy France Military in World War II}}The Second World War brought significant upheaval to Wallis. The island was first isolated for 17 months due to the loyalty of Bishop [[Alexandre Poncet]] and Resident Léon Vrignaud to the Vichy regime. To counter the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese Empire]] during the [[Pacific War]], the [[Free France|Free French]] and then the Americans landed at Wallis at the end of May 1942. Units of the [[US Marine Corps]] later landed on Wallis, on 29 May 1942.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rottman |first=Gordon L. |title=U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939-1945 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-313-31906-8 |location=London |page=213}}</ref> The U.S. Army built a base and constructed numerous infrastructures. This introduction of consumer society and contact with Western lifestyles weakened customary, religious, and administrative authorities. Futuna, however, was not occupied by the Americans.<ref name=":3" />

After the departure of the GIs in 1944, returning to subsistence agriculture was difficult, and Wallis went through an economic and social crisis. This period also marked the beginning of migration toward the [[New Hebrides]] (now Vanuatu) and New Caledonia, where a large Wallisian and Futunian community eventually settled.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angleviel |first=Frédéric |year=2006 |title=Wallis-et-Futuna (1942-1961) ou comment le fait migratoire transforma le protectorat en TOM |url=https://journals.openedition.org/jso/541 |journal=Journal de la Société des Océanistes |volume=122-123 |pages=61-76}}</ref>

===Overseas territory===
[[File:291 Plaque célébrant le rattachement de Wallis et Futuna à la France (métropolitaine) (37082937945).jpg|thumb|A plaque commemorating the attachment of Wallis and Futuna to the French Republic, on a public building in [[Mata Utu]]]]
In 1959, the inhabitants of the islands [[1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum|voted]] to become a separate [[Overseas departments and territories of France|French overseas territory]], effective since 29 July 1961,<ref name="Wallis-et-Futuna" /> thus ending their subordination to New Caledonia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107555.html |title=Wallis and Futuna Islands |website=InfoPlease|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref>

In 2005, the 50th [[Lavelua|king of Uvea]], [[Tomasi Kulimoetoke II]], faced being deposed after giving sanctuary to his grandson who was convicted of manslaughter. The king claimed his grandson should be judged by tribal law rather than by the French penal system. As a result, there were riots in the streets involving the king's supporters, who were victorious over attempts to replace the king. Two years later, Tomasi Kulimoetoke died on 7 May 2007. There was a six-month period of mourning, during which mentioning a successor was forbidden.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |author=BBC News | author-link=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6711691.stm |title=Been and gone – fit for a King | access-date=3 June 2007 |date=1 June 2007}}</ref> On 25 July 2008, [[Kapeliele Faupala]] was installed as king despite protests from some of the royal clans. He was deposed in 2014. A new king, [[Patalione Kanimoa]], was eventually installed in Uvea in 2016; Lino Leleivai in Alo on Futuna succeeded after Filipo Katoa abdicated, and Eufenio Takala succeeded Polikalepo Kolivai in Sigave. The French president at the time, [[François Hollande]], attended the installation ceremony.

==Governance and law==
<!--Please add new information into relevant articles of the series-->
{{Main|Politics of Wallis and Futuna}}

The territory is divided into three traditional kingdoms (''royaumes coutumiers''): [[Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)|Uvea]], on the island of Wallis, [[Sigave]], on the western part of the island of Futuna, and [[Alo (Wallis and Futuna)|Alo]], on the eastern part of the island of Futuna and on the uninhabited island of Alofi (only Uvea is further subdivided, into three districts):

{| class="wikitable"
!align="left" | Kingdom<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;District || Capital|| Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) || Population<br />2003 census || Population<br />2018 census || Population<br />2023 census || 2003–2018<br />evolution || [[List of villages in Wallis and Futuna|Villages]]{{efn|Refers to villages with municipal status.}}
|-style="background: #eeeeee;"
| colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Wallis (island)|Wallis Island]]'''
|-
| [[Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)|Uvea]] (Wallis)|| [[Mata Utu]]|| align="right" | 77.5 || align="right" | 10,071|| align="right" | 8,333|| align="right" | 8,088|| align="right" |{{down}} −17.3%|| align="right" | 21
|-style="background: #ffffff;" | 
|style="padding-left:1em" | [[Hihifo District|Hihifo]] (''"west"'')|| [[Vaitupu, Wallis and Futuna|Vaitupu]] || align="right" | 23.4 || align="right" | 2,422|| align="right" | 1,942|| align="right" | 1,855|| align="right" |{{down}} −19.8%||align="right" | 5
|-style="background: #ffffff;" | 
|style="padding-left:1em" | [[Hahake District|Hahake]] (''"east"'')|| [[Mata Utu]] || align="right" | 27.8 || align="right" | 3,950|| align="right" | 3,415|| align="right" | 3,343|| align="right" |{{down}} −13.5%||align="right" | 6
|-style="background: #ffffff;" | 
|style="padding-left:1em" | [[Mua District|Mu'a]] (''"first"'')|| [[Mala'efo'ou]]{{efn|Formerly called Mua.}} || align="right" | 26.3 || align="right" | 3,699|| align="right" | 2,976|| align="right" | 2,890||  align="right" |{{down}} −19.5%||align="right" | 10
|-style="background: #eeeeee;"
| colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Futuna (Wallis and Futuna)|Futuna]]'''{{efn|[[Alofi Island|Alofi]] is virtually uninhabited; administratively it falls under Alo.}}
|-
|[[Sigave]] (Singave)|| [[Leava]] || align="right" | 16.75|| align="right" | 1,880|| align="right" | 1,275|| align="right" | 1,188|| align="right" |{{down}} −32.2%|| align="right" | 6
|-
|[[Alo (Wallis and Futuna)|Alo]] || [[Mala'e (Futuna)|Mala'e]]  || align="right" | 47.5|| align="right" | 2,993|| align="right" | 1,950|| align="right" | 1,875||  align="right" |{{down}} −34.8%||align="right" | 9
|-style="background: #dddddd;"
| Total [[Futuna (Wallis and Futuna)|Futuna]]|| [[Leava]] || align="right" | 64.25|| align="right" | 4,873 || align="right" | 3,225|| align="right" | 3,063|| align="right"  |{{down}} −33.8%|| align="right" |15
|-style="background: #dddddd;"
| Overall total|| [[Mata Utu]] || align="right" | 142.42|| align="right" | 14,944 || align="right" | 11,558|| align="right" | 11,151|| align="right"  |{{down}} −22.7%|| align="right" |36
|-
|colspan=7|{{notelist}}
|}

The capital of the collectivity is [[Mata Utu]] on the island of Uvéa, the most populous of the Wallis Islands. As an overseas collectivity of France, it is governed under the [[Constitution of France|French constitution]] of 28 September 1958, and has universal [[suffrage]] for those over 18 years of age. The [[President of France|French president]] is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; the [[Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna|high administrator]] is appointed by the French president on the advice of the [[French Ministry of the Interior]] and heads the Territory Government; the president of the Territorial Assembly is elected by the members of the assembly. The [[2022 Wallis and Futuna Territorial Assembly election|most recent election was held on 20 March 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elections territoriales pour plusieurs collectivités d'Outre-mer le 20 mars|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/elections-territoriales-pour-plusieurs-collectivites-d-outre-mer-le-20-mars-1196617.html|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Outre-mer la 1ère|date=5 January 2022 |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

As of 2023, the head of state is President [[Emmanuel Macron]] of France, as represented by Administrator-Superior [[Hervé Jonathan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=France appoints new prefect of Wallis and Futuna |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/378725/france-appoints-new-prefect-of-wallis-and-futuna |website=Radio New Zealand |date=20 December 2018 |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> The president of the Territorial Assembly has been [[Munipoese Muliʻakaʻaka]] since March 2022.<ref>[http://rulers.org/rulvw.html#wallis_and_futuna Wallis and Futuna] Rulers.org</ref> The Council of the Territory consists of three kings (monarchs of the three pre-colonial kingdoms) and three members appointed by the high administrator on the advice of the Territorial Assembly.

The legislative branch consists of the unicameral 20-member Territorial Assembly or ''[[Assemblée territoriale]]''. Its members are elected by popular vote, and serve five-year terms. Wallis and Futuna elects one senator to the [[French Senate]] and one deputy to the [[French National Assembly]].

Criminal justice is generally governed by French law and administered by a tribunal of first resort in Mata Utu; appeals from that tribunal are decided by the [[Court of Appeal (France)|Court of Appeal]] in [[Nouméa]], [[New Caledonia]]. However, in non-criminal cases (civil-law disputes), the three traditional kingdoms administer justice according to [[customary law]].

The territory participates in the [[CFP franc|Franc Zone]], and is both a permanent member of the [[Secretariat of the Pacific Community]] and an observer at the [[Pacific Islands Forum]].

==Geography and climate==
[[File:Wallis and Futuna in France (zoomed).svg|thumb|Location map of Wallis and Futuna in relation to France.]]
[[File:Wallis and Futuna-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|Map of the territory of Wallis and Futuna]]
[[File:Wallis vue du ciel.jpg|left|thumb|Aerial view of [[Wallis Island]] (Uvea)]]
Wallis and Futuna is located at {{Coord|13|18|S|176|12|W|type:isle|display=inline,title}}, {{convert|360|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Samoa and {{convert|480|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of Fiji — about one-third of the way northeast from New Zealand towards Hawaii.

The territory includes the island of Uvéa (also called Wallis), which is the most populous; the island of Futuna; the virtually uninhabited island of Alofi; and 20 uninhabited islets. The total area of the territory is {{convert|274|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, with {{convert|129|km|mi|abbr=on}} of coastline. The highest point in the territory is [[Mont Puke]], on the island of Futuna, at {{convert|524|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

The islands have a hot, rainy season from November to April, when tropical cyclones passing over them cause storms. Then they have a cool, dry season from May to October, caused by the southeast trade winds that predominate during those months. The average annual rainfall is between {{convert|2,500|and|3,000|mm|in|abbr=off|sp=us}}, and rain is likely on at least 260 days per year. The average humidity is 80%. The average annual temperature is {{convert|26.6|C|F}}, rarely falling below {{convert|24.0|C|F}}; during the rainy season, it ranges between {{convert|28.0|and|32.0|C|F}}.

Only 5% of the islands' land area consists of [[arable land]]; permanent crops cover another 20%. [[Deforestation]] is a serious problem: Only small portions of the original forests remain, largely because the inhabitants use wood as their main fuel source, and, as a result, the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly susceptible to [[erosion]]. The island of Alofi lacks natural freshwater resources, so it has no permanent settlements.

Volcanic activity during the mid-[[Pleistocene]] created numerous [[volcanic crater lake]]s on [[Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)|Uvea]] (Wallis Island). The names of some of them are: [[Lake Lalolalo|Lalolalo]], Lano, [[Lake Lanutavake|Lanutavake]], Lanutuli, Lanumaha, [[Lake Kikila|Kikila]], and [[Lake Alofivai|Alofivai]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sprep.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/wallis-futuna-wetlands-directory.pdf |title=Wetlands of Wallis and Futuna |publisher=Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and Service de l'Environnement |year=2017}}</ref>

Wallis and Futuna is part of the [[Fiji tropical moist forests]] terrestrial ecoregion.<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{cite journal |last1=Dinerstein |first1=Eric |last2=Olson |first2=David |last3=Joshi |first3=Anup |last4=Vynne |first4=Carly |last5=Burgess |first5=Neil D. |last6=Wikramanayake |first6=Eric |last7=Hahn |first7=Nathan |last8=Palminteri |first8=Suzanne |last9=Hedao |first9=Prashant|last10=Noss|first10=Reed |last11=Hansen |first11=Matt |last12=Locke |first12=Harvey |last13=Ellis |first13=Erle C |last14=Jones |first14=Benjamin |last15=Barber |first15=Charles Victor |last16=Hayes |first16=Randy |last17=Kormos |first17=Cyril |last18=Martin |first18=Vance |last19=Crist |first19=Eileen|last20=Sechrest|first20=Wes |last21=Price |first21=Lori |last22=Baillie |first22=Jonathan E. M. |last23=Weeden |first23=Don |last24=Suckling |first24=Kierán |last25=Davis |first25=Crystal |last26=Sizer |first26=Nigel |last27=Moore |first27=Rebecca |last28=Thau |first28=David |last29=Birch |first29=Tanya|last30=Potapov|first30=Peter |last31=Turubanova |first31=Svetlana |last32=Tyukavina |first32=Alexandra |last33=de Souza |first33=Nadia |last34=Pintea |first34=Lilian |last35=Brito |first35=José C. |last36=Llewellyn |first36=Othman A. |last37=Miller |first37=Anthony G. |last38=Patzelt |first38=Annette |last39=Ghazanfar |first39=Shahina A.|last40=Timberlake|first40=Jonathan |last41=Klöser |first41=Heinz |last42=Shennan-Farpón |first42=Yara |last43=Kindt |first43=Roeland |last44=Lillesø |first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow |last45=van Breugel |first45=Paulo |last46=Graudal |first46=Lars |last47=Voge |first47=Maianna |last48=Al-Shammari |first48=Khalaf F. |last49=Saleem |first49=Muhammad|display-authors=1 |title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm |journal=BioScience |volume=67 |issue=6 |year=2017 |pages=534–545 |issn=0006-3568 |doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014 |pmid=28608869|pmc=5451287 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = [[Mata Utu]] (Köppen Af)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes
|width = auto 
|Jan high C = 30.3
|Feb high C = 30.4
|Mar high C = 30.3
|Apr high C = 30.3
|May high C = 29.7
|Jun high C = 29.4
|Jul high C = 28.9
|Aug high C = 29.1
|Sep high C = 29.3
|Oct high C = 29.5
|Nov high C = 29.9
|Dec high C = 30.3

|Jan mean C = 27.4
|Feb mean C = 27.5
|Mar mean C = 27.4
|Apr mean C = 27.4
|May mean C = 27.0
|Jun mean C = 26.9
|Jul mean C = 26.5
|Aug mean C = 26.6
|Sep mean C = 26.8
|Oct mean C = 26.9
|Nov mean C = 27.1
|Dec mean C = 27.4

|Jan low C = 24.4
|Feb low C = 24.5
|Mar low C = 24.5
|Apr low C = 24.4
|May low C = 24.3
|Jun low C = 24.4
|Jul low C = 24.0
|Aug low C = 24.1
|Sep low C = 24.2
|Oct low C = 24.2
|Nov low C = 24.3
|Dec low C = 24.4

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 381.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 301.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 373.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 287.6
|May precipitation mm = 258.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 159.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 186.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 149.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 221.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 330.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 322.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 350.3

|Jan rain days = 20
|Feb rain days = 19
|Mar rain days = 19
|Apr rain days = 16
|May rain days = 16
|Jun rain days = 14
|Jul rain days = 14
|Aug rain days = 14
|Sep rain days = 14
|Oct rain days = 19
|Nov rain days = 17
|Dec rain days = 19
|source = Weatherbase<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=917530&cityname=Mata-Utu-Hahake-Wallis-and-Futuna |title=Mata-Utu, Wallis and Futuna |website=Weatherbase}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = [[Hihifo District]] (Köppen Af)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes
|width = auto 
|Jan record high C = 33.0
|Feb record high C = 33.0
|Mar record high C = 32.8
|Apr record high C = 33.4
|May record high C = 32.8
|Jun record high C = 32.1
|Jul record high C = 31.4
|Aug record high C = 31.5
|Sep record high C = 32.0
|Oct record high C = 31.9
|Nov record high C = 33.1
|Dec record high C = 32.7
|year record high C = 33.4
|Jan high C = 30.7
|Feb high C = 30.8
|Mar high C = 30.9
|Apr high C = 30.8
|May high C = 30.4
|Jun high C = 29.8
|Jul high C = 29.4
|Aug high C = 29.6
|Sep high C = 29.9
|Oct high C = 30.1
|Nov high C = 30.5
|Dec high C = 30.7
|year high C = 30.3
|Jan mean C = 27.9
|Feb mean C = 27.9
|Mar mean C = 27.9
|Apr mean C = 28.0
|May mean C = 27.7
|Jun mean C = 27.5
|Jul mean C = 27.0
|Aug mean C = 27.1
|Sep mean C = 27.3
|Oct mean C = 27.4
|Nov mean C = 27.6
|Dec mean C = 27.9
|year mean C = 27.6
|Jan low C = 25.0
|Feb low C = 25.0
|Mar low C = 25.0
|Apr low C = 25.1
|May low C = 25.0
|Jun low C = 25.1
|Jul low C = 24.6
|Aug low C = 24.6
|Sep low C = 24.8
|Oct low C = 24.7
|Nov low C = 24.8
|Dec low C = 25.0
|year low C = 24.9
|Jan record low C = 19.9
|Feb record low C = 20.5
|Mar record low C = 19.6
|Apr record low C = 19.3
|May record low C = 18.5
|Jun record low C = 19.7
|Jul record low C = 18.0
|Aug record low C = 18.4
|Sep record low C = 19.2
|Oct record low C = 19.5
|Nov record low C = 20.5
|Dec record low C = 19.5
|year record low C = 18.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 395.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 332.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 309.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 289.1
|May precipitation mm = 223.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 179.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 213.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 165.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 219.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 297.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 306.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 347.0
|year precipitation mm = 3278.7
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 20.2
|Feb precipitation days = 18.1
|Mar precipitation days = 19.3
|Apr precipitation days = 17.4
|May precipitation days = 16.7
|Jun precipitation days = 14.8
|Jul precipitation days = 15.6
|Aug precipitation days = 14.5
|Sep precipitation days = 15.4
|Oct precipitation days = 17.7
|Nov precipitation days = 18.0
|Dec precipitation days = 19.9
|year precipitation days = 207.6
|Jan sun = 170.9
|Feb sun = 161.4
|Mar sun = 175.4
|Apr sun = 185.9
|May sun = 180.8
|Jun sun = 167.9
|Jul sun = 179.8
|Aug sun = 192.5
|Sep sun = 191.0
|Oct sun = 187.4
|Nov sun = 181.6
|Dec sun = 175.2
|year sun = 2149.9
|source 1 = [[Météo France]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_98613001.pdf
| title=Climate of Hihifo 1991-2020
| language = fr
| publisher = [[Météo-France]]
| access-date = August 25, 2022}}</ref>}}

==Islands==
{{Multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 
| image1 = Wallis Uvea ISS004.jpg
| width1 = 150
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = Satellite image of [[Wallis Island]]
| image2 = Futuna and Alofi.jpg
| width2 = 150
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = Satellite image of [[Futuna (Wallis and Futuna)|Futuna Island]] and [[Alofi Island]], also known as the [[Hoorn Islands]]
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background: #CCC;" class="unsortable"|Island!!style="background: #CCC;" class="unsortable"| Capital !!style="background: #CCC;" class="unsortable" width=350|Other villages!!style="background: #CCC;"| Area&nbsp;(km<sup>2</sup>) !!style="background: #CCC;"| Population<ref name="citypopulation.de"/>
|-style="background:#FFFFFF;"
|[[Customary kingdoms of Wallis and Futuna|Wallis and Futuna]]||[[Mata Utu]] ||[[Leava]], [[Vaitupu, Wallis and Futuna|Vaitupu]], [[Alele]], [[Liku, Wallis and Futuna|Liku]], [[Falaleu]], [[Utufua]] ||align="right"|142.42||align="right"|11,558
|-style="background:#F2E0CE;"
|[[Hoorn Islands|'''Hoorn Islands<br />(Futuna and Alofi islands)''']] ||[[Leava]] ||[[Fiua]], [[Nuku]], [[Taoa]], [[Mala'e (Futuna)|Mala'e]], [[Ono, Wallis and Futuna|Ono]], [[Vele]]||align="right"|64.1||align="right"|3,239
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Alofi Island|Alofi]] || || ||align="right"|17.8||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Futuna (Wallis and Futuna)|Futuna]] ||[[Leava]] ||[[Toloke]], [[Fiua]], [[Vaisei]], [[Nuku, Wallis and Futuna|Nuku]], [[Taoa]], [[Mala'e (Futuna)|Mala'e]], [[Kolopelu]], [[Ono, Wallis and Futuna|Ono]], [[Kolia]], [[Vele]], [[Kolotai]], [[Laloua]], [[Poi, Wallis and Futuna|Poi]], [[Tamana, Wallis and Futuna|Tamana]], [[Tuatafa]], [[Tavai]]<br />{{Fix|text=Does this total include Nukuloa etc.? If so, it should be indicated as a sub-total.}} || align="right" |46.3||align="right"|3,225
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Faioa]]|| || ||align="right"|0.68||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Fenuafo'ou]]|| || ||align="right"|0.03||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Fugalei]] || || ||align="right"|0.18||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Ilot St. Christophe]]|| [[Chappel St. Christophe]]||{{Fix|text=How can an uninhabited island have a capital?}} ||align="right"|0.03||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Luaniva]] || || ||align="right"|0.18||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Nukuatea]]|| || ||align="right"|0.74||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Nukufotu]]|| || ||align="right"|0.04||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Nukuhifala]] ||[[Nukuhifala]] || ||align="right"|0.067||align="right"|4
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Nukuhione]] || || ||align="right"|0.02||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Nukuloa]]||[[Nukuloa]]|| ||align="right"|0.35||align="right"|10
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Nukutapu]]|| || ||align="right"|0.05||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Nukuteatea]]|| || ||align="right"|0.1||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|Other ||[[Nukuato]]|| ||align="right"|0.043||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#F2E0CE;"
|'''Wallis Islands''' ||[[Mata Utu]] ||[[Vaitupu, Wallis and Futuna|Vaitupu]], [[Alele]], [[Liku, Wallis and Futuna|Liku]], [[Falaleu]], [[Utufua]], [[Mala'efo'ou]], [[Mala'e (Wallis)|Mala'e]]  ||align="right"|75.9||align="right"|8,333
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Wallis (island)]] ||[[Mata Utu]] ||[[Vaitupu, Wallis and Futuna|Vaitupu]], [[Alele]], [[Liku, Wallis and Futuna|Liku]], [[Falaleu]], [[Utufua]], [[Mala'efo'ou]], [[Mala'e (Wallis)|Mala'e]]  ||align="right"|75.8||align="right"|8,333
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|[[Tekaviki]]|| || ||align="right"|0.01||align="right"|0
|-style="background:#AEE0F2;"
|Other || || ||align="right"|0||align="right"|0
|-
|-style="background:#F2E0CE;" | class="sortbottom"
|Wallis and Futuna ||[[Mata Utu]] ||[[Leava]], [[Vaitupu, Wallis and Futuna|Vaitupu]], [[Alele]], [[Liku, Wallis and Futuna|Liku]], [[Falaleu]], [[Utufua]]||align="right"|142.42||align="right" |11,558
|}

==Flora and fauna==
{{see also|List of mammals of the Wallis and Futuna Islands}}
[[File:Brown Booby Surveilling Nest.jpg|thumb|Brown boobies watching over their nests]]
[[File:Fishes of Wallis - catch.jpg|thumb|Various fish caught in the Wallis lagoon (2012)]]
[[File:300 Cochons dans la boue, Falaleu, Wallis (36247784244).jpg|thumb|A pig pen in [[Falaleu]] (Wallis)]]
On Wallis, 639 species of coastal fish have been identified. In freshwater environments, three species of crustaceans and four species of fish have been recorded (including ''Stiphodon rubromaculatus''). Bats are the only native mammals, and the only amphibian present was introduced. The spider ''Schizocosa vulpecula'' is also found there.

Pigs play an important role in Wallisian and Futunan culture, and many inhabitants raise them.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van der Grijp |first=Paul |year=2008 |title=Projets de marché et représentations locales du travail à Wallis, en Polynésie occidentale |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/acths_1764-7355_2008_act_127_4_1293 |journal=Actes des congrès nationaux des sociétés historiques et scientifiques |volume=127 |issue=9 |pages=115-129}}</ref>

In 2022, the National Biodiversity Observatory (''Observatoire'' ''National de la Biodiversité'', ONB) and a panel of experts identified a significant risk of extinction affecting the endemic vascular plants of Wallis and Futuna, placing this risk on the national Red List (''liste rouge'').<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=La Liste Rouge des petits territoires d'outre mer vient de sortir ! |url=https://bivouacnaturaliste.com/la-liste-rouge-des-petits-territoires-doutre-mer-vient-de-sortir/ |access-date=7 December 2025 |website=Bivouac Naturaliste |language=fr}}</ref> Among the seventeen species assessed in the territory as well as in [[Saint Martin (island)|Saint-Martin]], [[Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands|Saint-Paul-et-Amsterdam]], and the [[Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean|Îles Éparses]], fifteen are directly threatened with extinction, the ONB warns.

=== Climate change ===
Wallis and Futuna is vulnerable to climate change. Sand extraction by the local construction industry has accelerated coastal erosion. This phenomenon, combined with rising sea levels, is causing a reduction of habitable land, which will eventually require relocating populations further inland. However, the complex rules governing land use must be taken into account.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Wallis and Futuna |url=https://cop23.com.fj/wallisandfutuna/ |access-date=7 December 2025 |website=Cop23 Fiji}}</ref>

Cyclones are becoming more frequent, and some now occur outside the usual season, such as [[2016–17 South Pacific cyclone season|Cyclone Ella]] in 2017. Climate change may reduce agricultural production, increasing dependence on imported food products. To find appropriate solutions, it is essential to consider the cultural norms of the population and work through the social organization structured by the customary chieftainship.<ref name=":12" />

==Economy==
{{main|Economy of Wallis and Futuna}}

The [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] of Wallis and Futuna in 2019 was US$212&nbsp;million (at market exchange rates).<ref name=GDP /> 
The territory's economy consists mostly of traditional subsistence agriculture, with about 80% of the labor force earning its livelihood from agriculture ([[coconut]]s and vegetables), livestock (mostly pigs), and fishing. About 4% of the population is employed in government. Additional revenue comes from French government subsidies, licensing of fishing rights to Japan and South Korea, import taxes, and remittances from expatriate workers in New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and France. Industries include [[copra]], handicrafts, fishing, and lumber. Agricultural products include coconuts, [[breadfruit]], yams, [[taro]], bananas, pigs, and fish.
Exports include [[copra]], chemicals, and fish.

There is a single bank in the territory, Banque de Wallis-et-Futuna, established in 1991. It is a subsidiary of [[BNP Paribas]]. There had previously been a branch of [[Banque Indosuez]] at Mata Utu. It had opened in 1977, but was closed in 1989, leaving the territory without any bank for two years.

== Infrastructure ==
Wallis and Futuna's infrastructure includes a wharf in [[Halalo]] and another in Mata-Utu, allowing cargo ships to dock and unload the many imported goods. On Futuna, ships can access the island via the Sigave Bay, in calm weather.

Electricity was installed on the islands in 1987.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Parlan |first=Valérie |date=6 March 2023 |title=Qu’est-ce que Wallis et Futuna, terres du bout du monde, où se rend le ministre des Outre-mer? |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/wallis-et-futuna/quest-ce-que-wallis-et-futuna-terres-du-bout-du-monde-ou-se-rend-le-ministre-des-outre-mer-c3e0e27c-bbfb-11ed-93e6-c3ff03e7738c |access-date=6 December 2023 |website=[[Ouest France]] |language=fr}}</ref> It is supplied mainly by gasoline-powered generators. In 2023, four photovoltaic solar power plants were installed in [[Lavegahau]], [[Falaleu]], and [[Vaitupu, Wallis and Futuna|Vaitupu]] on Wallis, and one in Mamati on Futuna, supplying electricity to several hundred households.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaitanoa |first=Leone |last2=Gohe |first2=Marie-Gwenaelle |last3=Alaïs |first3=Olivia Garrett |date=23 October 2025 |title=Wallis-et-Futuna: cap sur le soleil, cap sur 2050 |url=https://la1ere.franceinfo.fr/wallisfutuna/wallis-et-futuna-cap-sur-le-soleil-cap-sur-2050-1636042.html |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=[[Wallis-et-Futuna La Première]] |language=fr}}</ref> New plants are planned for 2026, with the goal of reaching 50% renewable electricity by 2029. Several public buildings and businesses are also equipped with solar panels. The goal is at once energy independence, decarbonization of electricity production, and reduced public spending.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=A Wallis, le solaire se fait une place… au soleil |url=https://la1ere.franceinfo.fr/wallisfutuna/a-wallis-le-solaire-se-fait-une-place-au-soleil-1399102.html |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=[[Wallis-et-Futuna La Première]] |language=fr}}</ref>

[[Broadband|High-speed internet]] was installed in 2007.<ref name=":1" /> Telephone and internet services are managed by the Postal and Telecommunications Service (''Service des postes et télécommunications'', SPT), which works with [[Orange Group|Orange]]. In the 2020s, many residents began installing [[Starlink]] internet kits from the American company [[SpaceX]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guibert |first=Nathalie |date=27 July 2023 |title=A Wallis-et-Futuna, l’Internet de Starlink défie l’autonomie stratégique française |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2023/07/27/a-wallis-et-futuna-l-internet-de-starlink-defie-l-autonomie-strategique-francaise_6183632_823448.html |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=[[Le Monde]] |language=fr}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
===Population===
{{Main|Demographics of Wallis and Futuna}}

[[File:Taoa (Futuna).jpg|right|thumb|[[Futuna (Wallis and Futuna)|Futuna Island]]]]
[[File:Sérénité - plage d'Alofi (Wallis et Futuna).jpg|right|thumb|[[Alofi Island]]]]
The total population of the territory at the July 2023 census was 11,151 (72.5% on the island of Wallis, 27.5% on the island of Futuna),<ref name=census_2023>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr/Actualites/Les-chiffres-INSEE-du-recensement-2023-authentifies-sont-parus|title = Résultats du recensement de la population 2023 de Wallis-et-Futuna  |language=fr |publisher=Préfet des îles Wallis et Futuna |access-date=2024-01-17 }}</ref> down from 14,944 at the July 2003 census.<ref name=past_censuses>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1281314 |title=Wallis et Futuna a perdu près du cinquième de sa population en dix ans |author=INSEE |access-date=2019-04-07 |language=fr}}</ref> The vast majority of the population are of [[Polynesian people|Polynesian]] ethnicity, with a small minority who were born in [[Metropolitan France]] or are of French European descent.

Lack of economic opportunities has, since the 1950s, been impelling many young Wallisians and Futunians to migrate to the more prosperous French territory of [[New Caledonia]], where, as French citizens, they are legally entitled to settle and work. Since the mid-2000s, emigration has surged in response to political tensions on the main island of Wallis (Uvea), that have arisen from a feud between rival aristocratic clans, who are supporting competing kings. Emigrants have begun settling, not only in New Caledonia, but also much farther away, in Metropolitan France. At the 2019 New Caledonian census, 22,520 residents of New Caledonia (whether born in New Caledonia or in Wallis and Futuna) reported their ethnicity as "Wallisian and Futunian".<ref name="Population Structure of Communities">{{cite web |url=https://www.isee.nc/component/phocadownload/category/278-donnees?download=874:structure-de-la-population-des-communautes |title=Population Structure of Communities |publisher=[[Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies]] (ISEE-NC) |place=Nouméa |access-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113144638/http://www.isee.nc/component/phocadownload/category/278-donnees?download=874:structure-de-la-population-des-communautes |archive-date=13 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> This is almost double the total population of Wallis and Futuna.

====Historical population====
{| align="center" class="wikitable"
! 1969 !! 1976 !! 1983 !! 1990 !! 1996 !! 2003 !! 2008 !! 2013 !! 2018 !! 2023
|-
| align=center| 8,546 || align=center| 9,192 || align=center| 12,408 || align=center| 13,705 || align=center| 14,166 || align=center| 14,944|| align=center| 13,484|| align=center|12,197 || align=center|11,558 || align=center|11,151
|-
| colspan=13 align=center| <small>Official figures from past censuses.</small><ref name="past_censuses"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2121453 |title=Wallis et Futuna - Recensement de la population |author=INSEE|access-date=2019-04-07}}</ref><ref name=census_2023/>
|}

===Languages===
{{further|Wallisian language|Futunan language}}
{| class="wikitable sortable style="text-align:right;"
|+Percentages of speakers of each language
! Language most spoken<br />at home in<br />Wallis and Futuna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recensement général de la population {{!}} Service Territorial de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques |url=https://www.statistique.wf/recensements-et-enquetes/recensement-general-de-la-population/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
!2008
!2013
!2018
!2023
! Change<br />(2018 – 2023)
|-style="text-align:right;"
![[Wallisian language|Wallisian]] 
| 60.15||58.14||59.15 ||57.32 ||{{decrease|-1.83}}1.83
|-style="text-align:right;"
![[Futunan language|Futunan]] 
| 29.89||28.40|| 27.89 || 28.20 ||{{increase|0.31}}0.31
|-style="text-align:right;"
![[French language|French]]
| 9.71||13.08||12.72 || 14.29 ||{{increase|1.57}}1.57
|-style="text-align:right;"
!Other 
| 0.25||0.38||0.24||0.19 ||{{decrease|-0.05}}0.05
|}
{{Pie chart
 | thumb   = right
 | caption = '''Languages spoken at home in Wallis and Futuna (2018 Census)<ref name=home_language_2018/>'''
 | label1 = Wallisian
 | value1 = 59.1| color2=#36A
 | label2 = Futunan
 | value2 = 27.9| color1=#6A5
 | label3 = French
 | value3 = 12.7 | color3=#FF33AC
 }}
According to the 2018 census, among people 14 years and older, 59.1% reported [[Wallisian]] as the language they spoke the most at home (down from 60.2% in 2008), 27.9% reported [[Futunan]] (down from 29.9% in 2008), and 12.7% reported French (up from 9.7% in 2008).<ref name=home_language_2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistique.wf/download/43/recensement-2018/1157/principaux_tableaux_population_2018.ods |title=Recensement 2018 - Tableau Pop_06_6: Population selon le sexe, la langue la plus couramment parlée en famille, l'âge décennal et par village de résidence |author=STSEE |format=ODS| access-date=2023-03-07 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=home_languages_2008>{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/rpwf08/dd/excel/rpwf08_Pop_06.xls |title=Recensement 2008 - Tableau Pop_06_6: Population selon le sexe, la langue la plus couramment parlée en famille, l'âge décennal et par village de résidence |publisher=Government of France |format=XLS| access-date=3 October 2009 |language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604180112/http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/rpwf08/dd/excel/rpwf08_Pop_06.xls|archive-date=2011-06-04}}</ref> On [[Wallis Island]], the languages most spoken at home were Wallisian (82.2%, down from 86.1% in 2008), French (15.6%, up from 12.1% in 2008), and Futunan (1.9%, up from 1.5% in 2008).<ref name=home_language_2018 /><ref name=home_languages_2008 /> On [[Futuna Island, Wallis and Futuna|Futuna]], the languages most spoken at home were Futunan (94.5%, down from 94.9% in 2008), French (5.3%, up from 4.2% in 2008), and Wallisian (0.2%, down from 0.8% in 2008).<ref name=home_language_2018 /><ref name=home_languages_2008 />

At the 2018 census, 90.5% of people 14 y/o and older could speak, read and write either Wallisian or Futunan (up from 88.5% at the 2008 census), and 7.2% had no knowledge of either Wallisian or Futunan (same percentage as at the 2008 census).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistique.wf/download/43/recensement-2018/1157/principaux_tableaux_population_2018.ods |title=Recensement 2018 - Tableau Pop_06_4: Population selon le sexe, la connaissance d'une langue polynésienne et par unité administrative de résidence |author=STSEE |format=ODS| access-date=2023-03-07 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/rpwf08/dd/excel/rpwf08_Pop_06.xls |title=Recensement 2008 - Tableau Pop_06_4: Population selon le sexe, la connaissance d'une langue polynésienne et par village de résidence |publisher=Government of France |format=XLS| access-date=3 October 2009 |language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604180112/http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/rpwf08/dd/excel/rpwf08_Pop_06.xls|archive-date=2011-06-04}}</ref>

Among those 14 y/o and older, 84.2% could speak, read and write French in 2018 (up from 78.2% at the 2008 census), and 11.8% reported that they had no knowledge of French (down from 17.3% at the 2008 census).<ref name=french_language_2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistique.wf/download/43/recensement-2018/1157/principaux_tableaux_population_2018.ods |title=Recensement 2018 - Tableau Pop_06_2: Population selon le sexe, la connaissance du français et par unité administrative de résidence |author=STSEE |format=ODS| access-date=2023-03-07 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=french_language_2008>{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/rpwf08/dd/excel/rpwf08_Pop_06.xls |title=Recensement 2008 - Tableau Pop_06_2: Population selon le sexe, la connaissance du français et par village de résidence |publisher=Government of France |format=XLS| access-date=3 October 2009 |language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604180112/http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/rpwf08/dd/excel/rpwf08_Pop_06.xls|archive-date=2011-06-04}}</ref> On Wallis Island, 85.1% of people age 14 or older could speak, read and write French (up from 81.1% at the 2008 census), and 10.9% reported that they had no knowledge of French (down from 14.3% at the 2008 census).<ref name=french_language_2018 /><ref name=french_language_2008 /> On Futuna, 81.9% of people age 14 or older could speak, read and write French (up from 71.6% at the 2008 census), and 14.0% had no knowledge of French (down from 24.3% at the 2008 census).<ref name=french_language_2018 /><ref name=french_language_2008 />

===Religion===
[[File:179 Cathédrale de Mata-Utu - side view (36940866791).jpg|thumb|[[Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption, Mata-Utu]]]]
The religion of Wallis and Futuna is Catholicism, ever since [[Society of Mary (Marists)|Marist missionaries]] converted the islands in the 1840s and 1842, bringing almost 100% of the population into the faith<ref>{{Cite book |last=Talatini |first=Filihau Asi |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=y-mRJrYKqWoC&pg=PA3&dq=Lotu+mavae%22+%3A+identit%C3%A9+religieuse+en+mutation#v=onepage&q=Lotu%20mavae%22%20%3A%20identit%C3%A9%20religieuse%20en%20mutation&f=false |title=Uvea |last2=Huffer |first2=Elise |publisher=editorips@usp.ac.fj |year=2004 |isbn=978-982-02-0363-1 |pages=40-60}}</ref> and having been evangelized in the 19th century by Fr [[Peter Chanel]], SM.<ref name="cia">{{cite web |title=The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/wallis-and-futuna/ |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=www.cia.gov}}</ref> They are served by their own [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Wallis and Futuna|Diocese of Wallis and Futuna]], with a see at [[Mata Utu]], a [[suffragan diocese]] of the Metropolitan [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nouméa|Archdiocese of Nouméa]] (New Caledonia).<ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=Diocese of Wallis et Futuna |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/wall0.htm |access-date=24 June 2022 |publisher=GCatholic}}</ref> There are smaller numbers of people following [[ethnic religions]], the [[Baháʼí Faith]] or who have [[irreligion|no religion]].<ref name=":8">{{cite web |title=Regional Profile Wallis and Futuna |url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=241c |access-date=22 May 2025 |publisher=theARDA}}</ref> Traditional religion was supplanted by Catholicism, which incorporated many elements of local beliefs and adapted to customary practices.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pechberty |first=Dominique |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=YDCbrLQtL_8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Vivre la coutume à ʻUvea (Wallis) |last2=Toa |first2=Epifania |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2004}}</ref> Even today—as has always been the case—religion plays a major role in the daily life of the population and has become integrated into local culture. Christianity replaced the deities of the traditional religion without completely destroying it: a certain level of acculturation or syncretism developed.

Religious festivals structure daily life and are occasions for customary ceremonies (''[[katoaga]]''). The Catholic mission also plays an important political role alongside the customary chiefdom. The special legal framework granted by the [[Statute of Wallis and Futuna (1961)|1961 statute]] recognizes the role of religion in the territory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delannoy |first=Jean-Pierre |title=Les religions au parlement français: du général de Gaulle (1958) à Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1975) |publisher=Editions du CERF |year=2005 |isbn=978-2-204-07852-8 |page= |pages=65; 150-152}}</ref> A few other Christian churches are also present, although they represent a very small minority.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Talatini |first=Filihau Asi |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=y-mRJrYKqWoC&redir_esc=y |title=Uvea |publisher=University of the South Pacific/Service des Affaires Culturelles de Wallis |year=2004 |editor-last=Huffer |editor-first=Elise |chapter="Lotu mavae" : identité religieuse en mutation à Wallis et Futuna |editor-last2=Tui |editor-first2=Mikaele}}</ref>

==== Churches ====
[[File:Basilique Saint-Pierre-Chanel de Poi, devant (cropped2).jpg|thumb|The Saint-Pierre-Chanel Basilica in Poi, on Futuna]]
The construction of churches in the territory can be considered an art form. All different from one another, and most are made of volcanic stone and are very colorful. They are found in every district and every village. All the stones are hand-carved. On Wallis, there are roughly 26 religious monuments, and on Futuna, there are 22. As the only monumental architecture in the territory, they form an integral part of the cultural heritage.

The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Wallis et Futuna|Diocese of Wallis and Futuna]] has one cathedral, located in [[Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption, Mata-Utu|Mata Utu]] (Wallis), and one basilica dedicated to Peter Chanel located in Poi (Futuna).

==== Customary festivals – the ''Katoaga'' ====
[[File:Wallis fête du territoire devant le palais royal.jpg|thumb|Pigs lined up in front of the Sagato Soane royal palace in Mata Utu during a ''katoaga'' in Wallis]]
Customary festivals are extremely important in Wallis and Futuna. During these ceremonies, several pigs are sacrificed and offered as tributes to the King and to the entire chieftainship, following a well-established protocol. In Wallis, these ceremonies are called ''[[katoaga]]''<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Pechberty |first=Dominique |year=1998 |title=Le katoaga |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jso_0300-953x_1998_num_106_1_2043 |journal=Journal de la Société des Océanistes |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=75-79}}</ref> and are deeply rooted in Wallisian culture, structuring daily life: they take place during religious celebrations (each district honors its patron saint annually), family events, or secular festivities such as [[Bastille Day]] on 14 July or the Territory Day on 29 July.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2017 |title=Célébration de la fête du territoire, le 29 juillet 2017 |url=https://www.wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr/Publications/Autres-dossiers-archives/Articles-archives/2017/Celebration-de-la-fete-du-territoire-le-29-juillet-2017 |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr}}</ref>

These customary festivals have ancient origins and have persisted throughout the territory’s history: “this is not a form of folklore for tourists, nor an attempt to reclaim a lost cultural heritage.”<ref name=":9" /> Instead, it is an example of the circulation of goods following a logic of gift and counter-gift, similar to the [[potlatch]].

== Culture ==
{{main|Culture of Wallis and Futuna}}

The culture of Wallis and Futuna is [[Polynesian culture|Polynesian]], and is similar to the cultures of its neighboring nations [[Samoa]] and [[Tonga]]. The [[Wallisian]] and [[Futunan]] cultures are very similar to each other in language, [[Dance of Wallis and Futuna|dance]], cuisine and modes of celebration.. The culture has been studied by several successive anthropologists. There is a Department of Cultural Affairs on the territory, located in [[Aka'aka]] in the district of [[Hahake District|Hahake]] on Wallis.

Regarding Wallisian and Futunian culture, the anthropologist Dominique Pechberty writes:<blockquote>"Wallis and Futuna are among the rare Polynesian islands to have preserved living customs that elsewhere have gradually disappeared during repeated contact with Westerners (...) This is not a form of folklore for tourists, nor an attempt to reclaim a cultural heritage in order to recover a lost identity."</blockquote>Fishing and agriculture are the traditional occupations, and most people live in traditional oval, thatch ''fale'' houses.<ref name="Ibpus.comUSA2012">{{cite book |publisher=International Business Publications, USA |title=Wallis & Futuna Business Law Handbook: Strategic Information and Laws |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tf277xC9GO8C&pg=PA37|access-date=9 May 2013 |date=1 January 2012  |isbn=978-1-4387-7141-0 |pages=37–}}</ref> [[Kava]] is a popular beverage brewed in the two islands, as in much else of Polynesia. It also serves as a traditional offering in rituals.<ref name="Ibpus.comUSA2012"/> Highly detailed [[tapa cloth]] art is a specialty of Wallis and Futuna.<ref name="HinzHoward2006">{{cite book |last1=Hinz |first1=Earl R. |last2=Howard |first2=Jim |title=Landfalls of Paradise: Cruising Guide to the Pacific Islands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CjIg5FgUUW8C&pg=PA220 |year=2006 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-3037-3 |pages=220–}}</ref>

[[Uvea Museum Association]] is a private museum that holds a collection of objects that record the history of the Second World War in the territory.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Mayer |first1=Raymond |last2=Nau |first2=Malino |last3=Pambrun |first3=Eric |last4=Laurent |first4=Christophe |date=2006 |title=Chanter la guerre à Wallis ('Uvea) |url=https://journals.openedition.org/jso/614 |journal=Journal de la Société des Océanistes |language=fr |issue=122–123 |pages=153–171 |doi=10.4000/jso.614 |issn=|doi-access=free }}</ref> It is located in Mata Utu shopping center and in 2009 was open by appointment.<ref>Bernard Klein, ''[https://www.ac-wf.wf/IMG/pdf/Lettre-no4.pdf La lettre d'Histoire-Géographie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120163658/https://www.ac-wf.wf/IMG/pdf/Lettre-no4.pdf |date=20 January 2024 }}'' October–November 2009, No. 4</ref>

=== Traditional dances ===
{{Main|Dance of Wallis and Futuna}}

[[File:Wallis, district du nord.jpg|thumb|Dancers from Hihifo during the July 13, 2019 competition with the coconut tree theme]]
Dances are an integral part of Wallisian and Futunan culture. Each year, the territory organizes traditional dance competitions, the best-known being the ''Soamako''. One can also see at these competitions the ''Niutao'', ''Kailao'', ''Eke'', and other dances. Most of the time, these are warrior dances.

The lyrics of the songs that accompany the dances are composed for each celebration or major event, so the musical repertoire is regularly renewed. Some dances are performed standing, while others are done seated. According to Raymond Mayer, “they constitute a social phenomenon that goes beyond mere musical and aesthetic analysis.”<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mayer |first=Raymond |year=1973 |title=Un millier de légendes aux îles Wallis et Futuna et divers centres d'intérêt de la tradition orale |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jso_0300-953x_1973_num_29_38_2413 |journal=Journal de la Société des océanistes |volume=29 |pages=69-100 |doi=10.3406/jso.1973.2413}}</ref>

=== Handicraft ===
[[File:Futunan tapa binder.jpg|thumb|''[[Tapa cloth|Tapa]]'' (mulberry-bark cloth) from Futuna]]
[[File:Tano'a o 'Uvea - Gaue tufuga a Savelio Suve.jpg|thumb|''Tano‘a'' bowls, containers used for serving ''[[kava]]'']]
Handicraft is very prominent on both islands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Culture et patrimoine |url=https://www.wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr/Actions-de-l-Etat/Culture-et-patrimoine |access-date=7 December 2025 |website=wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr}}</ref> Four main materials are used:

* '''Wood''' (such as ''feta'u'') is used to create carvings that most often depict animals and nature.
* '''Coconut''' (''niu'' in Wallisian and Futunan) is highly valued for its oil. This oil is mixed with other flowers such as ''[[Gardenia taitensis|tiare]]'' or ''[[Cananga odorata|ylang-ylang]]'' to make the local scented oil, equivalent to [[Monoï oil|Mono’i]].
* '''Shells''' are used to make various necklaces and ornaments. Women—mainly organized into local associations—collect shells from the reef at low tide and use them to create necklaces, headbands, and other decorative objects.<ref>Observatoire des Pêches Récifales et secrétariat général de la Communauté du Pacifique, ''Wallis-et-Futuna. Rapport de pays. Profils et résultats des enquêtes réalisées à Vailala, Halalo, Leava et Vele (août-décembre 2005 et mars 2006)'', SPC FAME Digital Library, 2009, pp. 122-124, {{ISBN|9789820003125}}</ref>
* '''''Lafi''''', a plant fiber, is used to make ''Siapo'' (in Futuna) and ''gatu'' (in Wallis), better known as [[Tapa cloth|tapa]]. This material is found on many Pacific islands. It can be decorative or used as clothing, particularly for weddings, or as a burial shroud.

=== Painting ===
Artistically speaking, the territory has a few painters, such as Aloisio Pilioko, Soane Takaniua,<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2007 |title=Le jour des hibiscus |url=https://takaniua.canalblog.com/ |access-date=7 December 2025 |website=takaniua.canalblog.com}}</ref> and Rebecca Kulimoetoke. Several Wallisian and Futunan artists also live in New Caledonia and mainland France.

=== Poetry ===
Virginie Tafilagi is the only Wallisian poet in the territory. She contributed to two collective works: ''Sillage d'Océanie 2009'' with the Association of Writers of New Caledonia, and ''Outre-Mer: trois océans en poésie'' in 2011.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.editions-brunodoucey.com/products/outremer-trois-oceans-en-poesie |title=Outremer – Trois océans en poésie |isbn=978-2-36229-011-4 |editor-last=Poslaniec |editor-first=Christian |editor-last2=Doucey |editor-first2=Bruno}}</ref>

=== Music ===
{{See also-text|[[Music of Polynesia]]}}
[[File:230 jede Gruppe hat ihre Band - every group has its band - jacque groupe a sa musique (37251161105).jpg|thumb|A Wallisian music group, with singers and two musicians playing folk guitar and [[ukulele]].]]
The territory of Wallis and Futuna is characterized by significant musical production, ranging from traditional a cappella music called ''Hua lau'', accompanied by wooden percussion, to variety music, pop, or reggae. Most songs are composed in Wallisian or Futunan language. Artists are produced locally.

''Hua lau'' refers to the traditional singing performed by the ''Lau'', a polyphonic group, which can be mixed. The songs cover various themes: love stories, war, major historical events, death, etc. One of the musical characteristics of the territory lies in how death is treated in its songs. Families may ask composers to create funeral songs in memory of their deceased.

Raymond Mayer notes that “The repertoire of Wallisian songs is not cumulative but transitory: songs are born, become known, then die — gradually and definitively — through forgetting. This phenomenon of loss, or more precisely erasure through replacement, can be observed concretely in the texts of funeral songs.”<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mayer |first=Raymond |last2=Nau |first2=Maline |year=1976 |title=Chants funèbres de l'île Wallis |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jso_0300-953x_1976_num_32_51_2741 |journal=Journal de la Société des océanistes |issue=51-52 |pages=141-184 |doi=10.3406/jso.1976.2741}}</ref>

=== Cinema ===
In 2015, the first episode of the series ''Foha Tau'' (“Sons of War”) was filmed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foha Tau |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5723894/?ref_=ttfc_fc_tt |access-date=7 December 2025 |website=[[Internet Movie Database]]}}</ref> Initiated by the production company Cinemata (meaning “the eye of cinema”), this series is the first to be filmed entirely in Wallisian and tells the tales and legends of the South Pacific. The first season consists of three 60-minute episodes, broadcast in 2016 and 2017 on the French public television channels [[Wallis-et-Futuna La Première|Wallis-et-Futuna]] and [[Nouvelle-Calédonie La Première]].

Released in 2016, Sacha Wolff’s film ''[[Mercenary (2016 film)|Mercenaire]]'', which includes dialogue in Wallisian, tells the story of a young Wallisian rugby player leaving for mainland France.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sorin |first=Etienne |date=5 October 2016 |title=Mercenaire, un film au-dessus de la mêlée |url=https://lefigaro.fr/cinema/2016/10/05/03002-20161005ARTFIG00019--mercenaire-un-film-au-dessus-de-la-melee.php |access-date=7 December 2025 |website=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr}}</ref>

==Transportation==
The island of Wallis has about {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} of roadways, 16 of which are paved. The island of Futuna has only {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} of roadways, none of which are paved. The territory has two main ports, in the harbors at Mata Utu and [[Leava]] (on the island of Futuna). These ports support its [[merchant marine]] fleet, which comprises three ships (two passenger ships and a petroleum tanker), totaling 92,060 GRT or 45,881 tonnes. There are two airports: [[Hihifo Airport]], on Wallis, which has a {{convert|2.1|km|mi|abbr=on}} paved runway; and [[Pointe Vele Airport]], on Futuna, which has a {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} runway.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmuCS7wUoU4&nohtml5=False  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/FmuCS7wUoU4| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Futuna - přílet z Wallisu - Flying to Futuna Island (from Wallis) |last=Dominik Maximilián Ramík |date=26 May 2009|access-date=14 April 2018 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Now the only commercial flights to and from Wallis are operated by Caledonia-based [[Aircalin]], which has an office in Mata Utu. There are currently no commercial boat operators.

== Media and communications ==
[[File:085 Post+Telecomunication Futuna (36102197954).jpg|thumb|Relay antenna and [[satellite dish]] in Futuna, for telecommunications]]
[[File:227 Jungvolk - jeunes spectateurs, Fête du Territoir (37251165555).jpg|thumb|Young Wallisian girls filming the territory’s festival with their mobile phones on July 28, 2017. Mobile telephony arrives in Wallis and Futuna at the end of 2015]]
[[File:Wallis & Futuna La 1ère - Logo 2018.svg|thumb|New logo of the channel Wallis-et-Futuna La Première since January 2018]]
The territory has its own television channel and radio station ([[Wallis-et-Futuna La Première]]). The radio broadcasts in [[French language|French]], [[Wallisian language|Wallisian]], and [[Futunan language|Futunan]] language.

From 1964 to 1971, the Information Bulletin of the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands (''Bulletin d'information du territoire des îles Wallis et Futuna'') was published.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mayer |first=Raymond |title=Le classement des archives administratives de Wallis-et-Futuna (1951-2000) de Gildas Pressensé |url=https://journals.openedition.org/jso/5968 |journal=Journal de la Société des Océanistes |publication-date=15 December 2009 |issue=129 |pages=305-322 |issn=}}</ref> The French High Commission also published a local newspaper in the 1970s, ''Nouvelles de Wallis et de Futuna''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawrs |first=Stu |title=Research Guides: Pacific Islands Newspapers: Wallis and Futuna |url=https://guides.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/c.php?g=105813&p=1017017 |access-date=2020-09-16 |website=guides.library.manoa.hawaii.edu}}</ref> The weekly ''Te Fenua Fo'ou'' stopped publication in March 2002 after a conflict between the chiefly system and the publication’s director, following an article in the magazine concerning a local judicial matter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2002 |title=Le roi de Wallis fait fermer un hebdomadaire |url=https://rsf.org/fr/le-roi-de-wallis-fait-fermer-un-hebdomadaire |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |language=fr}}</ref> ''Fenua Magazine'', launched in September 2002 to replace it, had a very different editorial line.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angleviel |first=Frederic |year=2004 |title=Wallis and Futuna |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/51191 |journal=The Contemporary Pacific |publisher=[[University of Hawai'i Press]] |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=169-174 |doi=10.1353/cp.2004.0003|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It also stopped publication in 2003.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wallis & Futuna Business Law Handbook : Strategic Information and Laws |date=August 2013 |publisher=Int'l Business Publications |isbn=978-1-4387-7141-0}}</ref> Since then, the only daily newspaper available has been ''[[Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes|Les Nouvelles calédoniennes]]'', which publishes two or three articles per week about life in the territory.

Internet access has progressed, with 1,144 broadband subscribers at the end of 2011.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Wallis-et-Futuna: Rapport annuel 2011 |url=https://www.ieom.fr/IMG/pdf/ra2011_wallis-et-futuna_reduit.pdf |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=[[Institut d'Émission d'Outre-Mer]] |page=67}}</ref>

In the 2000s, the archipelago’s connection to the global internet network was slow and expensive because it relied on satellite links. The arrival of the TUI-SAMOA<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2017 |title=Présentation générale du projet TUI-SAMOA |url=https://www.wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr/Politiques-publiques/Developpement/Cable-TUI-SAMOA/Informations-essentielles2/Presentation-generale-du-projet-TUI-SAMOA |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr%2FPolitiques-publiques%2FDeveloppement%2FCable-TUI-SAMOA%2FInformations-essentielles2%2FPresentation-generale-du-projet-TUI-SAMOA#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url |archive-date=26 November 2019 |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr}}</ref> fiber-optic cable made it possible to connect Wallis and Futuna to the global internet with speeds comparable to the rest of the world.

Since December 22, 2015, Wallis and Futuna has had a mobile phone network called ''Manuia''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Lacaste |first=René |date=22 December 2015 |title=Le portable: le cadeau de Noël de nos îles! |url=https://la1ere.franceinfo.fr/wallisfutuna/2015/12/22/wallis-et-futuna-le-telephone-mobile-en-cadeau-de-noel-316925.html |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=[[Wallis-et-Futuna La Première]] |language=fr}}</ref> Before that date, Wallis and Futuna was the last French overseas territory without a mobile network. As journalist René Lataste summarizes:<blockquote>"''En quelques dizaines d'années, Wallis et Futuna auront fait un pas de géant dans la communication. Du Tauasu sous le fale depuis des siècles, au téléphone fixe dans les années 1960 puis à l'Internet 30 ans plus tard. Aujourd'hui, le mobile et demain une multiplication par 1 000 des connexions.''"</blockquote><blockquote>In just a few decades, Wallis and Futuna have made a giant leap in communication. From the ''Tauasu'' under the [[Wharenui|''fale'']] for centuries, to the landline telephone in the 1960s, then the internet 30 years later. Today, mobile phones — and tomorrow, a thousandfold multiplication of connections.<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>

==Education==
Historically, Catholic missionaries were the first to create a seminary and schools to train the local population. In 1933, the resident Jean-Joseph David attempted to open a public school, but the experiment failed after a few years.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Prinsen |first=Gerard |last2=Lotti |first2=Allison |last3=Worliczek |first3=Elisabeth |title=‘Wallis and Futuna Have Never Been a Colony’: A Non-sovereign Island Territory Negotiating Primary Education with Metropolitan France |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ocea.5332 |journal=Oceania |publication-date=27 March 2022 |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=133-153 |doi=10.1002/ocea.5332 |issn=0029-8077 |eissn=1834-4461|doi-access=free }}</ref> Instruction was given in Wallisian and Futunian until 1961, then in French.<ref name=":6" /> In 1969, ten years after the 1959 referendum establishing the overseas territory, an agreement was signed between the State, represented by the Prefect, and the Catholic mission, represented by the bishop, delegating primary education to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Wallis et Futuna|Diocese of Wallis and Futuna]].<ref name=":6" />

In terms of education, the territory has the status of a [[Prorector|Vice-Rectorate]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vice-Rectorat des îles Wallis et Futuna |url=https://www.ac-wf.wf/ |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=ac-wf.wf}}</ref> However, from 1969 to 2025, primary education was entirely entrusted by the State to the Diocese of Wallis and Futuna. Thus, the 1905 separation of Church and State did not take place in the territory.<ref name=":6" /> In 2025, the Catholic Church ceased managing primary education, which was transferred to the authority of the Vice-Rectorate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gohe |first=Marie-Gwenaelle |date=30 September 2025 |title=L'enseignement primaire quitte la mission catholique à Wallis-et-Futuna |url=https://la1ere.franceinfo.fr/wallisfutuna/l-enseignement-primaire-quitte-la-mission-catholique-a-wallis-et-futuna-1627937.html |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=[[Wallis-et-Futuna La Première]] |language=fr}}</ref>

The training of local teachers had long been a demand among staff. For about thirty years, there was no institution in Wallis and Futuna to train primary school teachers. In the mid-1990s, a branch of the [[Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres|IUFM]] (''Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres'', University Institute for Teacher Training) was established in Wallis, with the aim of providing professional training comparable to that of teachers in mainland France. However, the IUFM branch closed in 2009, and training was transferred to New Caledonia.<ref name=":6" />

=== Primary education ===
[[File:Vaimoana.jpg|thumb|The Vaimoana middle school and vocational high school in [[Lavegahau]], on the island of Wallis.]]
Primary education in Wallis and Futuna is placed under the authority of the Catholic Education Directorate. The State funds the primary schools and reimburses the mission’s expenses. In 1969, there were nine primary schools; by 2012, there were 16 primary schools hosting 1,750 pupils supervised by 170 staff members.<ref name=":6" /> and now there are 18 primary schools in the territory, 12 on Wallis and six on Futuna, with a combined total of over 5200 students.<ref name="Educ">"[http://www.wallis-et-futuna.pref.gouv.fr/content/download/930/6048/file/Livret%20d'accueil%20version%20site%20final%202.pdf Livret D'Accueil Wallis et Futuna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010195840/http://www.wallis-et-futuna.pref.gouv.fr/content/download/930/6048/file/Livret%20d%27accueil%20version%20site%20final%202.pdf|date=10 October 2017}}." Wallis and Futuna. p. 22 (22/28). Retrieved on 14 September 2016.</ref> This agreement is renewed every five years. Catechism is one of the subjects taught, and the Catholic religion is fully integrated into primary education, even though French laws reinforce secularism in schools, notably the law of 15 March 2004 banning religious symbols in classrooms. This remains an important point for the Wallisian and Futunan population, who are overwhelmingly Catholic.<ref name=":6" />

The State finances all expenses related to this education (teachers and operating costs), while the schools are built on the communal public land of the villages according to customary law and the legal system governing land use.

=== Secondary education ===
Secondary education is managed by the Vice-Rectorate. The territory has six junior high schools and one senior high school/sixth-form college.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20160624145135/https://www.ac-wf.wf/-Colleges-Lycee-.html Cartographie des établissements du second degré]." Wallis and Futuna. 24 June 2016. Retrieved on 14 September 2016.</ref>
*Junior high schools (''collèges'') in Wallis: Mataotama de Malae, Alofivai de Lano, Vaimoana de Lavegahau, and Tinemui de Teesi
*Junior high schools in Futuna: Fiua de Sigave and Sisia d'Ono
*The senior high school/sixth-form college is [[Lycée des Îles Wallis et Futuna|Lycée d'État de Wallis et Futuna]] on Wallis, and there is also an agricultural high school.<ref name="Educ" />
Most teachers come from mainland France on short contracts (two years, renewable once).

The average student–teacher ratio is 10.4 pupils per teacher, with 570 education staff (including 397 teachers) for 4,111 students in 2011.<ref name=":5" /> 

=== Analysis ===
In primary school, the curricula are adapted from those taught in mainland France. Thus, in primary schools, French history is taught, while the history of Oceania and Polynesia before Western contact is not addressed.<ref name=":6" /> According to Prinsen, Lotti and Worliczek (2022), this reflects the expression of a shared French nationality.<ref name=":6" /> At the same time, a local identity is also asserted, complementing the metropolitan identity. Negotiations make it possible to adapt subjects and teaching methods on both sides. For example, teaching in the Wallisian and Futunan languages has been established and accepted by the State, while the Catholic Church has accepted the ban on corporal punishment.<ref name=":6" />

Collaboration among local teachers, local political authorities, members of the clergy, and metropolitan educational authorities benefits both sides: it increases the number of local employees, improves their salaries and training, and reduces costs for the French State compared to a fully public education system.

However, this process also involves confrontations and even conflicts between the two identities (local and metropolitan). Many Wallisians and Futunans would have preferred secondary education to be entrusted locally to the mission as well, rather than being separated.<ref name=":6" />

In addition, issues regarding salaries and unfulfilled contractual statuses were denounced by teachers in the 1990s, who went on strike multiple times. These conflicts often led to renegotiations of the convention between the mission and the State. The funding of maintenance works for buildings or school equipment is also a frequent point of contention between the mission and the State, as the cost of living is higher in Wallis and Futuna than in mainland France, and the tropical climate leads to quicker degradation of equipment and buildings. This is perceived by Wallisian and Futunan elites as unequal treatment by the metropolitan authorities.<ref name=":6" />

==Healthcare==
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna}}
As of 2018, [[yaws]] was endemic in the area, but cases were not being reported to the [[World Health Organization|WHO]] eradication program.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Christopher |last2=Asiedu |first2=Kingsley |last3=Solomon |first3=Anthony W. |last4=Mitja |first4=Oriol |last5=Marks |first5=Michael |last6=Van der Stuyft |first6=Patrick |last7=Meheus |first7=Filip |title=Prioritizing surveillance activities for certification of yaws eradication based on a review and model of historical case reporting |journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |date=4 December 2018 |volume=12 |issue=12 |article-number=e0006953 |doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0006953 |pmid=30513075 |pmc=6294396 |issn=1935-2727|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Healthcare is available free of charge in two hospitals on Uvea and Futuna islands.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wallis and Futuna - Economy |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Wallis-and-Futuna/Economy |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> There are also three dispensaries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Travel Tips for Wallis and Futuna (France), Updated Intl. Guide – Travel Medicine, Inc. |url=https://www.travmed.com/pages/wallis-and-futuna-france |website=www.travmed.com}}</ref>

==Environment==
Deforestation is a major concern in the region as only small portions of the original forests remain due to the continued use of wood as the main source of fuel. Consequently, the mountainous terrain of Futuna has become prone to erosion. There are no permanent settlements on Alofi due to the lack of natural freshwater resources, and the presence of infertile soil on the islands of Uvea and Futuna further reduces agricultural productivity.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/wallis-and-futuna/ |title=The World Factbook |website=Central Intelligence Agency|date=15 February 2023 }}</ref>

==Sport==
[[File:Futuna terrain de volley.jpg|thumb|A volleyball court in Futuna]]
[[File:Wallis tournoi de rugby.jpg|thumb|A young Wallisian training in rugby]]
Wallisians and Futunans make up 0.05% of the French population, but they "occupy a far more significant place in the sporting landscape than their demographic weight would suggest".<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Gay |first=Jean-Christophe |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=cr8OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT154&dq=%C3%89quipe+de+Wallis-et-Futuna+de+rugby+%C3%A0+XV&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjB1tC68Mf2AhUsxoUKHVHNBHIQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=%C3%89quipe%20de%20Wallis-et-Futuna%20de%20rugby%20%C3%A0%20XV&f=false |title=La France d'Outre-mer: Terres éparses, sociétés vivantes |publisher=[[Armand Colin]] |isbn=978-2-200-63126-0 |publication-date=6 January 2021}}</ref>

Many sports are practiced in the territory, including athletics, with a particular specialization in the [[javelin throw]]. Champions include [[Jean-Paul Lakafia]], who twice improved the French javelin record—setting it at 83.56 m in 1980 and 84.74 m in 1983—[[Lolesio Tuita|Lolésio Tuita]], [[Vitolio Tipotio|Vitoli Tipotio]], [[Monika Fiafialoto]], Péta Tauhavili, Pételo Wakalina, Penisio Lutui, and in para-athletics [[Tony Falelavaki]]. Among medal-winning athletes is Aukusitino Hoatau, who notably won the silver medal in discus at the [[2011 Pacific Games]]. In 2019, Wallisians and Futunans made up seven of the 25 best French javelin throwers.<ref name=":10" />

Many rugby union players, born in or originating from Wallis and Futuna, have played for the [[French rugby team|French national team]] in mainland France.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2022 |title=Pacific nation fires France's Six Nations dream |url=https://www.pressreader.com/new-zealand/the-press/20220226/282699050574467 |work=[[The Press (York)|The Press]] |access-date=7 December 2025 |via=[[PressReader]]}}</ref><ref name="Ryan 2023">{{cite web | last=Ryan | first=Aaron | title=More light needs to shine on Wallis and Futuna rugby players. | website=Te Ao Māori News | date=2023-12-28 | url=https://www.teaonews.co.nz/2023/12/28/more-light-needs-to-shine-on-wallis-and-futuna-rugby-players/ | access-date=2024-04-05}}</ref><ref name="Stuff d676">{{cite web | first=Tony | last=Smith | title=Six Nations: How Wallis and Futuna players have boosted France's title hopes | website=Stuff | url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/international/127882520/six-nations-how-wallis-and-futuna-players-have-boosted-frances-title-hopes | access-date=2024-04-05}}</ref> These include [[Vincent Pelo]], [[Yann David]], [[Christopher Tolofua]], [[Sébastien Vahaamahina]], [[Jocelino Suta]], [[Romain Taofifénua]], [[Emerick Setiano]], [[Peato Mauvaka]], and [[Raphaël Lakafia]]. Also from Wallis and Futuna, [[Pierre-Gilles Lakafia]] plays for the [[France national rugby sevens team|French national rugby sevens team]], while Mickaël Simutoga and [[Selevasio Tolofua]] were selected for the French under-20 team in 2015 and 2017. [[Rugby sevens]] is also popular.<ref name=":10" />

In 2020, about thirty Wallisian and Futunan players played in professional French clubs in the Top 14 and Pro D2, and more than 200 played in metropolitan clubs (from elite to Federal 3 level).<ref name=":10" /> There is a [[Wallis and Futuna national rugby union team|local rugby union team]] (affiliated with the [[Oceania Rugby|Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions]]), but it has not played an official match since 1979.

Geographer [[Jean-Christophe Gay]] notes that “the army, in the 1960s, played an important role in identifying and developing the first international-level athletes,” such as Petelo Wakalina, [[Lolesio Tuita]], and Penisio Lutui.<ref name=":10" /> In 2007, the ''XV du Pacifique'' was created, an inter-army team bringing together players from Wallis and Futuna, [[New Caledonia]], and [[French Polynesia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glowczewski |first=Barbara |title=Les sciences humaines et sociales dans le Pacifique Sud: Terrains, questions et méthodes |last2=Dousset |first2=Laurent |last3=Salaün |first3=Marie |publisher=pacific-credo Publications |isbn=978-2-9563981-3-4 |date=28 March 2018}}</ref> Gay also notes that while some players succeed in mainland France, many fail or “are exploited like commodities by certain club managers or unscrupulous intermediaries”<ref name=":10" />

Volleyball is one of the most widely played sports in the territory and has seen strong growth since the 1980s.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Vili |first=Stéphanie |date=18 July 2019 |title=Volley-ball : une histoire de familles à Wallis et Futuna |url=https://la1ere.franceinfo.fr/volley-ball-histoire-familles-wallis-futuna-731742.html |access-date=7 December 2025 |website=[[La Première (French TV network)|La Première]] |language=fr}}</ref> Players—often from the same families (Tupou, Takaniko, Kolokilagi, Moleana, Masei, Sekeme, Tafilagi)—include [[Leyla Tuifua]] and [[Samuel Tuia|Samuele Tuia]], both of whom played for the French national team,<ref name=":11" /> as well as [[Toafa Takaniko]].

There is also a local football (soccer) team. Several players from Wallis and Futuna play in mainland France and other countries, such as [[Wesley Lautoa]] (FCO Dijon) and [[David Faupala]] at Manchester City.

In 2006, [[Jennifer Vegi]] won the bronze medal at the French Contact Karate Championships, and in 2007 she won the gold medal in taekwondo at the Pacific Games.

The territory of Wallis and Futuna participates in the [[Pacific Games]] (formerly called the South Pacific Games).<ref name="Islands Business 2023">{{cite web | title=SOL23: Wallis & Futuna's Chef De Mission leads the way, Australia sends 100 police officers | website=Islands Business | date=2023-11-09 | url=https://islandsbusiness.com/news-break/pacific-games/ | access-date=2024-04-05}}</ref> In 2013, the territory organized and hosted, for the very first time, the [[Pacific Mini Games]].

A nautical base is located in the village of [[Liku, Wallis and Futuna|Liku]]. A sports association, Vakala, offers water activities (notably sailing and kayaking). Athletics and other sports such as volleyball, handball, and badminton are practiced at the Kafika sports center, renovated for the [[2013 Pacific Mini Games]].

==See also==
{{Portal|Geography|Islands|Oceania}}
*[[Outline of Wallis and Futuna]]
*[[Administrative divisions of France]]
*[[French overseas departments and territories]]
*[[Islands controlled by France in the Indian and Pacific oceans]]
*[[Katoaga]]
*[[Vicariate Apostolic of Oriental Oceania]]
*[[Wallis and Futuna during the Second World War]]
*[[Statute of Wallis and Futuna (1961)]]
*[[Customary kingdoms of Wallis and Futuna]]
*[[Protectorate of Wallis and Futuna]]
*[[Customary Kings of Wallis and Futuna]]
*[[Justice in Wallis and Futuna]]
{{clear}}

==Notes==
{{notelist-ua}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wiktionary|Wallis and Futuna}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
*{{Wikiatlas}}
*[http://www.wallis-et-futuna.pref.gouv.fr/ Official website of the French Administrateur supérieur de Wallis-et-Futuna] {{in lang|fr}}
*[https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/wallisfutuna/ ''Wallis-et-Futuna La 1ère''] – Online news
*[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/WF.htm GigaCatholic]
*[http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/outremer/galerie/WallisetFutuna/carte_WF.gif Map of Wallis and Futuna, with district boundaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503212136/http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/outremer/galerie/WallisetFutuna/carte_WF.gif |date=3 May 2006 }}
*[http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/pacifique/wallis-futuna.htm Information about Wallis and Futuna] {{in lang|fr}}

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