View source for Volvo D5 engine

{{ref improve|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox engine
| name = Volvo D5 Engine
| image = V70 second generation engine compartment.jpg
| caption = V70 2nd generation ([[Euro 4]]) engine in a 2007 model V70
| manufacturer = [[Volvo Cars]]
| production = 2002–2017
| configuration = [[Straight-five engine|Inline-5]]
| displacement = {{convert|1984-2401|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| bore = {{convert|81|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
| stroke = {{convert|77-93.15|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
| block = [[Aluminium]]
| head = Aluminium
| valvetrain = [[DOHC]] [[Multi-valve#Four valves|4 valves x cyl.]]
| fuelsystem = [[Common rail]] [[Fuel injection#Direct injection systems|Direct injection]]
| management = EDC15, EDC16, EDC17
| fueltype = [[Diesel engine|Diesel]]
| oilsystem = [[Wet sump]]
| coolingsystem = [[Radiator (engine cooling)|Water-cooled]]
| turbocharger = [[Variable-geometry turbocharger|Variable Nozzle Turbine]] or Two-stage with [[intercooler]]
| compression = 16.5:1, 17.3:1, 18.0:1
| power = {{Convert|82-164|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}
| torque = {{Convert|280-450|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
| redline = 5200 rpm
| aka = Volvo D3<br>Volvo D4
| successor = [[Volvo Engine Architecture|VEA Diesel]]
| emissions level = [[European emission standards|Euro 3 - Euro 6]]
| emissions control = {{ubl |[[Catalytic converter]] |Catalytic converter and [[Exhaust gas recirculation|EGR]] |Catalytic converter, EGR and [[Diesel particulate filter|DPF]]}}
}}

The '''Volvo D5'''<ref>{{cite press release |language=en |url=https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/pdf/35240vol.pdf |title=6-Speed Manual for the D5 Engines |website=www.volvoclub.org.uk |date=30 March 2004 |access-date=2018-05-17 }}</ref> is a type of [[turbocharged]] [[diesel engine]] developed by [[Volvo Cars]] for use in its passenger cars. The D5 engine is based on the [[Volvo Modular engine|Volvo Modular]] diesel engine.<ref>{{cite web |language=en |url=http://autoworld.com.my/news/2002/08/06/D5-Volvo-s-Own-Diesel-Engine/ |title=D5 - Volvo's Own Diesel Engine |website=autoworld.com.my |date=6 August 2002 |access-date=2018-07-27 }}</ref> The D5 displaces 2.4 liters; a smaller series of two-litre engines were developed in 2010 and marketed as the Volvo '''D3''' and '''D4'''.

==History==
[[File:Volvo 5 cylinder 2015MY.jpg|thumb|left|Volvo D5 engine D5244T15 ([[Euro 5]]), in 2015 model year Volvo XC70]]
It is an all-aluminium five-cylinder engine with 20 valves and [[double overhead camshaft]]s. In all but one late version it has a [[variable-geometry turbocharger|VGT]] turbocharger of the type VNT (variable nozzle turbine), [[common rail]] [[Fuel injection#Direct injection systems|direct injection]] and cooled [[exhaust gas recirculation]] (EGR).

There are three generations of D5 engines:
* The first generation was introduced in 2001.
* The second generation was introduced in 2005. The second generation got a slight reduction in stroke and has a reduced [[compression ratio]], a [[water-cooled]] VNT turbocharger with a bigger compressor and an electric [[servo motor]] to adjust the vanes, an improved EGR system, a throttle valve, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with improved injectors.<ref>{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/NewCarFeatures2006-Technical.pdf |title=Volvo New Car Features. Model Year 2006. Technical Information |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |date=2005 |access-date=2018-05-17 }}</ref>
* The third generation was introduced in 2009. The third generation got a further reduction in [[compression ratio]], a two-stage turbo system (D5244T10), an improved [[exhaust gas recirculation]] (EGR) system, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with higher pressure and [[Piezoelectricity|piezoelectric]] injectors.

[[File:Volvo C30 D5 (detail).jpg|thumbnail|left|D5 emblem on a 2008 [[Volvo C30]]]]
Volvo has a special version of the D5 (D5244T8/T13) for use in the C30, S40, V50 and C70 models that produces {{convert|180|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|400|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque, reduced to {{convert|350|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} with [[automatic transmission]]. The engine compartments of these cars are smaller so among other things the engine has a different [[air intake]] system, different [[exhaust system]], smaller charge air cooler and a smaller [[Radiator (engine cooling)|radiator]].

The only examples of the 2400cc engine to meet the [[European emission standards|Euro 6 emission standard]] are in the 2016 model year version of the Volvo XC70 AWD D5 auto and in the 2015 D5 AWD and 2016 D6 AWD "Twin Engine" models of the Volvo V60 plug-in electric hybrid (PHEV) vehicle, badged as D87PHEV and D97PHEV engines respectively.

In 2009 Volvo, in conjunction with [[Polestar]], launched software upgrades for many of its D5 engines.<ref>{{cite web | language=en |url=https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/releases/2009/volvo_polestar_upgrades.shtml | title=Volvo Car UK launches Polestar Performance for Volvo owners wanting to enhance their vehicle's performance |date=2009 |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |access-date=2018-10-06}}</ref> These upgrades have no impact on official emission or fuel consumption figures, but produce power and torque gains of typically a little over 10%. The first engine to have such an upgrade available was the D5244T4, and the upgrade increased the torque from {{convert|400|to|450|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}, and power from {{convert|185|to|205|PS|0|abbr=on}}. The same upgrade was available for the mechanically-identical D5244T5. Similar upgrades have since been launched for later engines.<ref>{{cite web | language=en |url=https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/volvo2012/d5_upgrades.shtml | title=The Upgraded Volvo D5 For 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |access-date=2018-10-06}}</ref>

==Marine engine==
The D5244T is also offered as a [[Marine propulsion|marine engine]] by [[Volvo Penta]] under the name D3. The marinised engine is in large parts identical to D5244T. This includes crankshaft, pistons, camshafts, valves, cylinder block, cylinder head, turbo, injectors and the high pressure pump. The D3 [[Engine control unit|ECU]] has a modified software, which e.g. gives a modified torque suited for marine applications and has a simplified starting sequence. The hardware differences between D5244T and D3 are: a water-cooled [[intercooler]], a water-cooled [[exhaust manifold]], a heavier monolithic crankwheel, a seawater-pump and a [[heat exchanger]].
The output is {{Convert|110|hp|0|abbr=on}} at 3,000&nbsp;rpm, {{Convert|130|hp|0|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|160|hp|0|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|190|hp|0|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|220|hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000&nbsp;rpm and it is coupled to a duoprop I/O system.

{{clear-left}}
==Models==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Engine code
! Max. power
! Max. torque
! Max. engine speed
! Bore x Stroke
! Displacement
! Compression ratio
! Turbocharging system
! [[Common rail]]
|-
| D5244T|| {{Convert|163|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|340|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,750-2,750&nbsp;rpm|| rowspan="3" |4,600&nbsp;rpm|| rowspan="3" | {{Convert|81x93.2|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}|| rowspan="3" | {{Convert|2401|cc|CID|abbr=on}}|| rowspan="3" | 18.0:1|| rowspan="9" | VNT|| rowspan="9" | Second generation {{Convert|1600|bar|psi|abbr=on}}
|-
| D5244T2|| {{Convert|130|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|280|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,750-3,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
|D5244T3
|{{Convert|116|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm
|{{Convert|280|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,750-3,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| D5244T4||{{Convert|185|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm||{{Convert|400|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,000-2,750&nbsp;rpm|| rowspan="3" |5,000&nbsp;rpm|| rowspan="11" |{{Convert|81x93.15|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}|| rowspan="13" |2,400 cc 
(146.5 cu in)
| rowspan="6" | 17.3:1
|-
| D5244T5|| {{Convert|163|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|340|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,750-2,250&nbsp;rpm
|-
| D5244T7|| {{Convert|126|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|300|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,750-2,750&nbsp;rpm
|-
| D5244T8|| rowspan=2| {{Convert|180|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|350|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,750-3,250&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" |4,600 rpm
|-
| D5244T13|| {{Convert|400|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,000-2,750&nbsp;rpm
|-
| D5244T18|| {{Convert|200|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 3,900&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|420|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,900-2,800&nbsp;rpm
|5,000 rpm
|-
| D5244T10|| {{Convert|205|PS|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/media/pressreleases/37375 |title=Upgraded D5 engine with enhanced performance and reduced fuel consumption |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website=www.media.volvocars.com |date=12 April 2011 |access-date=2018-05-17 }}</ref><br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm|| rowspan=2| {{Convert|420|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,500-3,250&nbsp;rpm|| rowspan=2|5,200&nbsp;rpm|| rowspan=7| 16.5:1|| rowspan=2| Two-stage|| rowspan=7| Third generation {{Convert|1800|bar|psi|abbr=on}}
|-
| D5244T11|| {{Convert|215|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| D5244T14|| {{Convert|175|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 3,000-4,000&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|420|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,500-2,750&nbsp;rpm|| 5,000&nbsp;rpm|| VNT
|-
| D5244T15|| {{Convert|215|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|440|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,500-3,000&nbsp;rpm|| 5,200&nbsp;rpm|| rowspan=4| Two-stage
|-
| D5244T16/T17|| {{Convert|163|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|420|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,500-2,500&nbsp;rpm|| 5,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| D5244T20|| {{Convert|220|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm
|{{Convert|440|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,500-2,500&nbsp;rpm|| rowspan="2" | 5,200&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" |{{Convert|81x93.20|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
|-
| D5244T21|| {{Convert|190|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm|| {{Convert|420|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,500-3,000&nbsp;rpm
| rowspan="2" |{{Convert|81x93.20|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
|-
| D5244T22<ref>{{cite web |language=en |url= https://www.volvocars.com/en-jo/support/manuals/xc60/2015w17/specifications/engine/engine-specifications?id=8f1fa47af78e9fd7c0a801e800af95f6-om-en-middleeast-y413-2016-15w17 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201024162110/https://www.volvocars.com/en-jo/support/manuals/xc60/2015w17/specifications/engine/engine-specifications?id=8f1fa47af78e9fd7c0a801e800af95f6-om-en-middleeast-y413-2016-15w17 | archivedate = 2020-10-24 |title= XC60 (2016 early): Engine Specifications | publisher = Volvo Car Corporation | date = 2020-01-14 }}</ref>|| {{Convert|220|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />at 4,000&nbsp;rpm 
|{{Convert|420|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1,500-3,000&nbsp;rpm|| 5,200&nbsp;rpm
|}

Note: 'D5' is branding. All these engines share the five-cylinder block, although not all consistently used the 'D5' badge over time. This is due to changes in hardware and the specific model the engine was deployed in. E.g. On the S60 -05 range, the D5244T was labelled 'D5', and subsequently the D5244T5 was labelled '2.4D' as a (software) detuned version of the D5244T4 'D5' on the 05-09 range. The D5244T21 was even badged 'D4' when used in the S60 D4 AWD automatic between 2016 and 2018.<ref>{{cite web |language=en |url=https://engineered.polestar.com/uk/upgrades/model-selector/#?vehicle_model=S60&market=uk&modelYearId=1723|title=Polestar model selector S60}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=en |url=https://assets.volvocars.com/uk/~/media/united-kingdom/documents/pricelists/my16/volvo-s60-pricelist.pdf?la=en-gb|title=Volvo S60 2016 UK price list|publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> Similarly the 2016 XC60 AWD branded the 190PS D5244T21 as 'D4', but the 220PS D5244T20 as 'D5', whilst the two wheel drive XC60 model of the same year used 'D4' to describe the different [[Ford Duratorq engine#D4204T|D4204T]] four-cylinder diesel engine developed in conjunction with Ford and [[Groupe PSA|PSA]].<ref>{{cite web |language=en |url=https://assets.volvocars.com/uk/~/media/united-kingdom/documents/pricelists/my16/volvo-xc60-pricelist.pdf?la=en-gb|title=Volvo XC60 2016 UK price list|publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>


== {{anchor|D3|D4|D5204T}} Volvo D3 and D4 (trim level) ==
[[File:Volvo V60 D3 Engine.jpg|thumb|First generation Volvo D3 engine]]
In 2010 Volvo debuted a new series of two-liter engines based on the third generation D5 with all the features of that engine. Three models with different power outputs were available (internal model codes D5204T, D5204T2, and D5204T5), marketed as the '''D3''' and '''D4''' depending on output. The direct injection pump is a Bosch CP4 with two heads, helping to produce torque of around {{convert|400|Nm|lbft|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} even at low engine speeds.

The D3/D4 bore remains the same as in the D5, but with a {{convert|77|mm|in|abbr=on}} stroke the displacement is brought down to {{convert|1984|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on}}, keeping it below the vital two-litre threshold in many countries. The D3 is the lower-powered series, with the higher output D5204T referred to as the D4.

In April 2011 the original D5204T2 was replaced by the upgraded D3 version, which featured Volvo's "Volvo Environment Diesel" (VED) technologies to lower emissions and consumption. Power and torque figures remained largely unchanged. In April 2012 a lower tuned engine, the {{convert|136|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} D5204T7 was announced; it was marketed as a "D3" and meanwhile the {{convert|163|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} version changed its name to "D4".<ref name=AWnl1>{{cite magazine | magazine = AutoWeek (NL) | language = nl | title = Volvo Presenteert Nieuwe Vijfcilinder Dieselmotor | trans-title = Volvo Presents New Five-cylinder Diesel Engine | url = https://www.autoweek.nl/autonieuws/artikel/volvo-presenteert-nieuwe-vijfcilinder-dieselmotor/ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201025011128/https://www.autoweek.nl/autonieuws/artikel/volvo-presenteert-nieuwe-vijfcilinder-dieselmotor/ | archivedate = 2020-10-25 | publisher = DPG Media Magazines B.V. | date = 2012-04-12 }}</ref>

===Specifications===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!D5204T
! D5204T2
! D5204T3
! D5204T4
! D5204T5
!D5204T6
! D5204T7
|-
| Max power
|{{Convert|177|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 3,500&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|163|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 2,900&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|163|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 3,500&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|177|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 3,500&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|150|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 3,500&nbsp;rpm
|{{Convert|150|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 3,500&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|136|PS|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 3,500&nbsp;rpm
|-
| Max torque
|{{Convert|400|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 1,750-2,750&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|400|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 1,400-2,850&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|400|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 1,500-2,750&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|400|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 1,750-2,750&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|350|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 1,500-2,750&nbsp;rpm
|{{Convert|350|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 1,500-2,750&nbsp;rpm
| {{Convert|350|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}<br /> at 1,500-2,250&nbsp;rpm
|-
| Max engine speed
|5,000&nbsp;rpm
| 4,400&nbsp;rpm
| 5,000&nbsp;rpm
| 5,000&nbsp;rpm
| 5,000&nbsp;rpm
|5,000&nbsp;rpm
| 5,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| Bore x Stroke
| colspan="7" |{{convert|81x77|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
|-
| Displacement
| colspan="7" |{{convert|1984|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
|-
| Compression ratio
| colspan="7" |16.5:1
|-
| Charging system
| colspan="7" |Variable Nozzle Turbine
|-
| [[Common rail]]
| colspan="7" |Third generation {{convert|1800|bar|psi|abbr=on}}
|}

==Successor==
{{main|Volvo Engine Architecture}}
In autumn of 2013 the new [[Volvo Engine Architecture]] was introduced. The 5-cylinder D5 began a process of being gradually phased out along with the V70/XC70 and first generation XC60. Production of the D5 type engines ended in 2017.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.volvocars.com/by/top/about/news-events/pages/default.aspx?itemid=44 D5 215 HP Official press-release ]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Volvo D5 Engine}}
[[Category:Volvo engines|D5]]
[[Category:Straight-five engines]]
[[Category:Diesel engines by model]]