View source for Voiceless bilabial fricative

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɸ⟩ in IPA}}
{{Redirect|ɸ|the Greek letter|Phi (letter)|the Cyrillic letter|Ef (Cyrillic)|the Armenian letter|Piwr (letter)}}
{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol=ɸ
|ipa number=126
|decimal1=632
|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0278.svg
|imagesize=150px
|x-sampa=p\
|kirshenbaum=P
|braille=46
|braille2=124
|above=}}

The '''voiceless bilabial fricative''' is a type of [[consonant]]al sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɸ}}, a Latinised form of the [[Phi|Greek letter Phi]].

==Features==
Features of the voiceless bilabial fricative:

{{fricative}}
{{bilabial}}
{{voiceless}}
{{oral}}
{{central-lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}

==Occurrence==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=2| Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
|colspan=2| [[Ainu language|Ainu]]{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} || {{lang|ain-Kana|[[Katakana|フチ]]}} || {{IPA|[ɸu̜tʃi]}} || 'grandmother' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Angor language|Angor]]{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} || {{lang|agg-Latn|'''f'''i}} || {{IPA|[ɸi]}} || 'body' ||
|-
|| [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || [[Bangladesh|Eastern]] dialects || {{lang|bn|[[Bengali alphabet|'''ফ'''ল]]}} ||{{IPA|[ɸɔl]}}|| 'fruit'|| [[Allophone]] of {{IPAslink|f}} in some eastern dialects; regular allophone of {{IPA|/pʰ/}} in western dialects
|-
|[[English language|English]]
|[[Liverpool English|Scouse]]
|{{example needed|date=August 2016}}
|
|
|[[Allophone]] of {{IPA|/p/}}. See [[British English|British English phonology]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watson |first=Kevin |title=Illustrations of the IPA: Liverpool English |publisher=Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 |year=2007 |edition=Cambridge University Press |pages=351–360}}</ref>
|-
|colspan=2| [[Ewe language|Ewe]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|2005|p=156}}</ref> || {{lang|ee-Latn|[[African reference alphabet|é'''ƒ'''á]]}} || {{IPA|[éɸá]}}|| 'he polished' || Contrasts with {{IPA|/f/}}
|-
| [[Italian language|Italian]] || [[Tuscan language|Tuscan]]<ref name="hall">{{Harvcoltxt|Hall|1944|p=75}}</ref> || ''{{lang|it|[[Italian orthography|i ca'''p'''itani]]}}'' || {{IPA|[iˌhäɸiˈθäːni]}} || 'the captains' || Postvocalic allophone of {{IPAslink|p}}.<ref name="hall"/> See [[Italian phonology]] and [[Tuscan gorgia]].
|-
|colspan=2| [[Itelmen language|Itelmen]] || {{lang|itl-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|чу'''ф'''чу'''ф''']]}} || {{IPA|[tʃuɸtʃuɸ]}} || 'rain' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Japanese language|Japanese]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Okada|1999|p=118}}</ref> || {{lang|ja-Hani|[[kanji|腐敗]]}} / {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Romanization of Japanese|'''f'''uhai]]}} || {{IPA|[ɸɯhai]}} || 'decay' || [[Allophone]] of {{IPAslink|h}} before {{IPA|/ɯ/}}. See [[Japanese phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Kaingang language|Kaingang]] || ''{{lang|kgp|'''f'''y}}'' || {{IPA|[ɸɨ]}} || 'seed' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Korean language|Korean]] || ''{{lang|ko|[[hangul|후두개]]}} / {{lang|ko|[[Romanization of Korean|'''h'''udugae]]}} || {{IPA|[ɸʷudugɛ]}} || '[[epiglottis]]' || [[Allophone]] of {{IPA|/h/}} before {{IPA|/u/}} and {{IPA|/w/}}. See [[Korean phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Kwama language|Kwama]]{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[kòːɸɛ́]}} || 'basket' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Māori language|Māori]] || {{lang|mi-Latn|'''wh'''akapapa}} || {{IPA|[ɸakapapa]}} || 'genealogy' || Now more commonly /f/ due to the influence of [[English language|English]]. See [[Māori phonology]].
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Nepali language|Nepali]]
|{{Lang|ne|[[Devanāgarī|बा'''फ''']]}}
|{{IPA|[bäɸ]}}
|'vapour'
|Allophone of /pʰ/. See [[Nepali phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Odoodee language|Odoodee]]{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} || {{lang|kkc-Latn|'''p'''agai}} || {{IPA|[ɸɑɡɑi]}} || 'coconut' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Okinawan language|Okinawan]] || {{lang|ryu|'''f'''i'''f'''aci}} || {{IPA|[ɸiɸatɕi]}} || 'type of spice' ||
|-
|rowspan=4| [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || Some dialects <ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Boyd-Bowman|1953|p=229}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Cotton|Sharp|1988|p=15}}</ref> || ''{{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|'''f'''uera]]}}'' || {{IPA|[ˈɸwe̞ɾa̠]}} || 'outside' || Non-standard variant of {{IPA|/f/}}. See [[Spanish phonology]]
|-
| Standard European{{sfnp|Wetzels|Mascaró|2001|p=224}} || ''{{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|pu'''b''']]}}'' || {{IPA|[ˈpa̠ɸ̞]}} || 'pub' || An approximant; allophone of {{IPA|/b/}} before a pause.{{sfnp|Wetzels|Mascaró|2001|p=224}}
|-
| North-Central [[Peninsular Spanish|Peninsular]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/383-0300/383-0300-MORRIS-0-1.PDF |title=Microsoft Word - codaobs-roa.do |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref> || ''{{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|a'''b'''dicar]]}}'' || {{IPA|[a̠ɸðiˈka̠ɾ]}} || 'abdicate' || Allophone of {{IPA|/b/}} in the coda. In this dialect, the unvoiced coda obstruents - {{IPA|/p, t, k/}} - are realized as fricatives only if they precede a voiced consonant; otherwise, they emerge as stops.
|-
| [[Andalusian Spanish|Southern Peninsular]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Pérez|Aguilar|Jiménez|1998|pp=225–228}}</ref>|| ''{{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|los '''v'''uestros]]}}'' || {{IPA|[lɔh ˈɸːwɛhtːɾɔh]}} || 'yours' || It varies with {{IPA|[βː]}} in some accents. Allophone of {{IPA|/b/}} after {{IPA|/s/}}. 
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Shompen language|Shompen]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The language of the Shom Pen: a language isolate in the Nicobar Islands|url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Isolates/Shompen%20paper.pdf|journal=Mother Tongue |volume=12|pages=179–202}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |{{IPA|[koɸeoi]}}
|'bench'
|
|-
|colspan=2| [[Sylheti language|Sylheti]] || {{lang|syl|[[Sylheti Nagari|'''ꠙꠥ'''ꠀ]]}} || {{IPA|[ɸua]}} || 'boy' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]] || ''{{lang|ty|{{okina}}ō'''f'''ī}}'' || {{IPA|[ʔoːɸiː]}} || 'snake' || Allophone of {{IPA|/f/}}
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Taruma language|Taruma]]<ref name="Serke22">{{Cite thesis |last=Serke |first=Anna K. |title=A description of Taruma phonology |date=2022 |publisher=Universitat Leiden |url=https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3454579/view}}</ref>
|{{lang|tdm|'''fw'''a}}
|{{IPA|[ɸʷa]}}
|'fire'
|
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || Some speakers<ref name="gk6">{{Harvcoltxt|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=6}}</ref> || ''{{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|u'''f'''uk]]}}'' || {{IPA|[uˈɸʊk]}} || 'horizon' || Allophone of {{IPA|/f/}} before rounded vowels and, to a lesser extent, word-finally after rounded vowels.<ref name="gk6"/> See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] || ''{{lang|tk|[[Turkmen alphabet|'''f'''abrik]]}}'' || {{IPA|[ɸabrik]}} || 'factory' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Yalë_language|Yalë]] || {{lang|nce|di'''f'''e}} || {{IPA|[diɸe]}} || 'village' || 
|}

==See also==
* [[Index of phonetics articles]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation
|last=Boyd-Bowman
|first=Peter
|year=1953
|title=Sobre la pronunciación del español en el Ecuador
|journal=Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica
|volume=7
|pages=221–233
|doi=10.24201/nrfh.v7i1/2.310
|doi-access=free
}}
* {{Citation
|last1=Cotton
|first1=Eleanor Greet
|last2=Sharp
|first2=John
|year=1988
|title=Spanish in the Americas
|publisher=Georgetown University Press
|isbn=978-0-87840-094-2
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89KX2RC6Gx0C
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Göksel
|first1=Asli
|last2=Kerslake
|first2=Celia
|year=2005
|title=Turkish: a comprehensive grammar
|publisher=Routledge
|isbn=978-0415114943
}}
* {{cite journal
|last=Hall
|first=Robert A. Jr.
|year=1944
|title=Italian phonemes and orthography
|journal=Italica
|volume=21
|issue=2
|pages=72–82
|doi=10.2307/475860
|jstor=475860
|publisher=American Association of Teachers of Italian
}}
* {{citation
|last=Ladefoged
|first=Peter
|author-link=Peter Ladefoged
|year=2005
|title=Vowels and Consonants
|edition=Second
|publisher=Blackwell
}}
* {{citation
|last=Okada
|first=Hideo
|year=1999
|chapter=Japanese
|editor=International Phonetic Association
|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
|pages=117–119
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=978-0-52163751-0
|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_jpn_phon-2
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Pérez
|first1=Ramón Morillo-Velarde
|last2=Aguilar
|first2=Rafael Cano
|last3=Jiménez
|first3=Antonio Narbona
|year=1998
|title=El Español hablado en Andalucía
|publisher=Editorial Ariel
|isbn=84-344-8225-8
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Wetzels
|first1=W. Leo
|last2=Mascaró
|first2=Joan
|year=2001
|title=The Typology of Voicing and Devoicing
|journal=Language
|volume=77
|issue=2
|pages=207–244
|doi=10.1353/lan.2001.0123
|s2cid=28948663
|url=http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~prince/hold/wetzels-mascaro.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{phoible|ɸ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voiceless Bilabial Fricative}}
[[Category:Fricative consonants]]
[[Category:Bilabial consonants]]
[[Category:Pulmonic consonants]]
[[Category:Voiceless oral consonants]]