View source for Virginia Department of Corrections

{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname        = Virginia Department of Corrections
| nativename        = 
| nativenamea       = 
| nativenamer       = 
| commonname        = 
| abbreviation      = VADOC
| fictional         = 
| logo              = 
| logocaption       = Virginia Department of Corrections Logo
| badge             = Virginia State DOC.jpg
| badgecaption      = Uniform patch for the Virginia Department of Corrections
| flag              = 
| flagcaption       = 
| imagesize         = 
| motto             = 
| mottotranslated   = 
| formedyear        = late 1700s
| formedmonthday    = 
| preceding1        = 
| dissolved         = 
| superseding       = 
| employees         = 11,769
| volunteers        = 
| budget            = $1,364,068,980<ref>{{cite web|title=VADOC FY 2020 Annual Report|url=https://vadoc.virginia.gov/media/1623/vadoc-financial-annual-mis-report-2020.pdf|website=VADOC FY 2020 Annual Report|access-date=January 25, 2021}}</ref>
| nongovernment     = 
| country           = United States of America
| countryabbr       = USA
| national          = 
| federal           = 
| international     = 
| divtype           = State
| divname           = Virginia
| divdab            = 
| subdivtype        = 
| subdivname        = 
| subdivdab         = 
| map               = Map of USA VA.svg
| mapcaption        = 
| sizearea          = {{convert|42774|sqmi|km2}}
| sizepopulation    = 8,096,604 (2011 census)
| legaljuris        = 
| governingbody     = 
| governingbodyscnd = 
| constitution1     = 
| police            = Yes
| local             = 
| military          = 
| provost           = 
| gendarmerie       = 
| religious         = 
| speciality        = 
| secret            = 
| overviewtype      = 
| overviewbody      = 
| headquarters      = [[Richmond, Virginia]]
| hqlocmap          = 
| hqlocleft         = 
| hqloctop          = 
| hqlocmappoptitle  = 
| sworntype         = 
| sworn             = 
| unsworntype       = 
| unsworn           = 
| multinational     = 
| electeetype       = 
| minister1name     = Terrance Cole
| minister1pfo      = Secretary of Public Safety
| chief1name        = Chadwick Dotson
| chief1position    = Director
| parentagency      = 
| child1agency      = 
| unittype          = 
| unitname          = 
| officetype        = 
| officename        = 
| provideragency    = 
| uniformedas       = 
| stationtype       = Facilities and Office
| stations          = 39<ref>{{cite web |last1=McGeehee |first1=Warren |title=Population Summary - December 2023 |url=https://vadoc.virginia.gov/media/1929/population-summary-december-2023.pdf |website=Virginia Department of Corrections |access-date=9 February 2024}}</ref>
| airbases          = 
| lockuptype        = 
| lockups           = 
| vehicle1type      = 
| vehicles1         = 
| boat1type         = 
| boats1            = 
| aircraft1type     = 
| aircraft1         = 
| animal1type       = 
| animals1          = 
| person1name       = 
| person1reason     = 
| person1type       = 
| programme1        = 
| activity1name     = 
| activitytype      = 
| anniversary1      = 
| award1            = 
| website           = [http://vadoc.virginia.gov VADOC Website]
| footnotes         = 
| reference         = 
}}

The '''Virginia Department of Corrections''' ('''VADOC''') is the government agency responsible for community corrections and operating [[prison]]s and [[correctional facilities]] in the [[Commonwealth (U.S. state)|Commonwealth]] of [[Virginia]] in the [[United States]]. The agency is fully accredited by the [[American Correctional Association]] and is one of the oldest functioning correctional agencies in the United States. Its headquarters is located in the state capital of [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]].<ref>"[http://www.vadoc.state.va.us/victim/input-program.shtm Victim Input Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107213930/http://www.vadoc.state.va.us/victim/input-program.shtm |date=2010-01-07 }}." Virginia Department of Corrections. Retrieved on December 7, 2009.</ref>

==History==
From the time of the first settlement at [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] to the relocation of the state capital to Richmond in the late 18th Century, Virginia relied upon [[corporal punishment|corporal]] and [[capital punishment]] as its penal measures.  Gradually, Virginia began to use small county jails for sentences of confinement.

After the Revolutionary War, [[Virginia Governor]] [[Thomas Jefferson]] began to urge the state to construct a "penitentiary house." At that time, penitentiary houses were then beginning being used throughout Europe to confine and reform criminals.  However, for more than a decade, the [[Virginia General Assembly]] ignored Jefferson's ideas.

In 1796, a wave of reform swept the [[Virginia General Assembly|General Assembly of Virginia]], and the famous British-American architect [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe]], (1764-1820), (later [[Architect of the Capitol]]) was hired to design a penitentiary house for the newly formed [[Virginia Department of Welfare and Institutions]].  Latrobe's facility was constructed on a site outside of Richmond overlooking the [[James River (Virginia)|James River]].  The facility, which received its first prisoners in 1800 and was completed (with using prison labor) in 1804, (earlier than the current oldest state prison in America, the still standing [[Eastern State Penitentiary]] (1829-1971) in [[Philadelphia]] and seven years before the neighboring [[Metropolitan Transition Center|Maryland Penitentiary]] (now Metropolitan Transitional Center and centerpiece of an extensive corrections complex) began in downtown [[Baltimore]]) was known by generations of Virginians as the "[[Virginia State Penitentiary]]" or "The Pen."  The structure later burned and was torn down in 1905.  A new facility was built and operated continuously afterwards until it too was demolished in 1992. In 1896, a penal farm operation ([[James River Correctional Center]]) was established in [[Goochland County]] for "miscreants and the infirm."  This facility closed  April 1, 2011, but the [[James River Work Center]] continues to operate in that same location today.

"Community Corrections" philosophy and policy officially began being used in the Commonwealth of Virginia on October 1, 1942, designated as the Probation and Parole Services Agency, with the employees of the division referred to as Probation and Parole Officers. By an act of the [[Virginia General Assembly]] in 1944, the VADOC was officially formed out of the former Virginia Department of Welfare and Institutions, the [[Virginia Parole Board]], and the Virginia Department of Probation and Parole Services. Today, the VADOC oversees all operations of the Commonwealth's corrections facilities.

==Organizational structure==

The VADOC is an agency of the Virginia Office of Public Safety. [[Virginia Secretary of Public Safety]] Terrance Cole oversees 12 government agencies, including the VADOC. The VADOC's department director Chadwick Dotson was appointed to the position by Governor Glenn Youngkin in September 2023 to succeed Harold Clarke, who had announced his retirement after serving as director since November 2010.   Dotson, a retired judge, had previously served as the chair of the Virginia Parole Board. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://vadoc.virginia.gov/news-press-releases/2023/chadwick-dotson-named-director-of-virginia-department-of-corrections/ | title=VADOC — Chadwick Dotson Named Director of Virginia Department of Corrections }}</ref> 

Underneath the director are three divisions — Operations, Re-entry & Programs and Communication, and Administration — each overseen by a deputy director.
* The Chief of Corrections Operations manages the regional facilities' day-to-day operations as well as probation and parole activities. The Operations division is also responsible for ensuring VADOC compliance with the [[Prison Rape Elimination Act]] (PREA) and the [[Americans with Disabilities Act]] (ADA). Community Corrections is also responsible for completing risk assessments on certain sexual offenders for the courts and providing victims with information.<ref>"[http://www.vadoc.state.va.us/about/procedures/documents/700/735-1.pdf Procedures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224171042/http://www.vadoc.state.va.us/about/procedures/documents/700/735-1.pdf |date=2012-12-24 }}." Virginia Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 14, 2012.</ref>  
* The Chief Deputy Director oversees Re-entry & Programs, Communication, and Victim Services.
* The Deputy Director of Administration manages the agency's core business activities, including Human Resources, Information Technology, Finance, and Virginia Correctional Enterprises.

==Re-entry initiative==

In May 2010, Governor [[Bob McDonnell]] signed Executive Order Number Eleven establishing the Virginia Prisoner and Juvenile Offender Re-entry Council. The Council was formed to tie together the re-entry initiative amongst the state agencies, local agencies, and community organizations. The Secretary of Public Safety then composed a task force to further develop the Virginia Adult Re-entry Initiative, or VARI. The plan gave directions for streamlining services, shifting some organizational practices, and establishing new ways to measure achievement while keeping with the public safety practices, which Governor McDonnell listed as top priority.

Through the Re-entry Program, offenders are evaluated upon arrival to the facility to determine the best strategy for their re-entry preparation plan. They are also tested to determine their risk for recidivism. An initial Re-entry Case Plan is developed and typically updated depending on the offender's actions. Workshops and programs are made available to prepare the offender for re-entry into the community.

As of December 2023, there were 23,604 offenders housed in VADOC facilities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McGeehee |first1=Warren |title=Population Summary - December 2023 |url=https://vadoc.virginia.gov/media/1929/population-summary-december-2023.pdf |website=Virginia Department of Corrections |access-date=9 February 2024}}</ref> This was a decrease of twenty percent in the inmate population from just four years earlier when there were 29,347 inmates in the system.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McGehee |first1=Warren |title=Monthly Population Summary - December 2019 |url=https://vadoc.virginia.gov/media/1481/vadoc-monthly-offender-population-report-2019-12.pdf |website=Virginia Department of Corrections |access-date=9 February 2024}}</ref>  A 2011 study showed among the 36 states that report felon [[recidivism]] — defined as re-imprisonment within three years of release — Virginia has the fourth lowest recidivism rate in the United States.<ref>"[http://www.pewtrusts.org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/sentencing_and_corrections/State_Recidivism_Revolving_Door_America_Prisons%20.pdf State of Recidivism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020234046/http://www.pewtrusts.org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/sentencing_and_corrections/State_Recidivism_Revolving_Door_America_Prisons%20.pdf |date=2012-10-20 }}." The Pew Center on the States. Retrieved on August 15, 2012.</ref>

==Facilities==
[[List of Virginia state prisons]]

=== Dress code regulations of facilities ===
The dress code for visitors includes no [[tube top]]s, [[Halterneck|halter tops]], [[Miniskirt|mini-skirts]], [[leggings]], form fitting clothing, and revealing necklines and/or excessive splits. No denim is allowed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/24/651258081/virginia-prisons-ban-visitors-from-wearing-tampons-citing-contraband-concerns|title=Virginia Prisons Ban Visitors From Wearing Tampons, Citing Contraband Concerns|work=NPR.org|access-date=2018-09-24|language=en}}</ref>

===Death row===
Prior to the abolition of [[Capital punishment in Virginia|capital punishment]] in Virginia in 2021, male death row was located at the [[Sussex I State Prison]], while females were housed at the [[Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women]]. Prior to August 3, 1998, the male death row was housed at [[Mecklenburg Correctional Center]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20091111220214/http://www.myfoxdc.com/dpp/news/virginia/virginia-death-row-execution-facts-111009 Facts about Virginia's Death Row]" ([http://web.archive.org/web/20091111220214/http://www.myfoxdc.com/dpp/news/virginia/virginia-death-row-execution-facts-111009 Archive]). NBC4 Washington. Tuesday November 10, 2009. Retrieved on May 29, 2012.</ref> The execution chamber was located at the [[Greensville Correctional Center]] near [[Jarratt, Virginia|Jarratt]].<ref>Iovino, Jim. "[http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Facts-About-Virginias-Death-Row-69644447.html Facts about Virginia's Death Row]." NBC4 Washington. Date unstated. Retrieved on July 13, 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/virginia-governor-signs-death-penalty-repeal-bill-after-death-chamber-tour Virginia governor signs death penalty repeal bill]</ref> 

Through 1990, the male death row was located at the [[Virginia State Penitentiary]] in Richmond, which began hosting executions on October 13, 1908. After the prison building was replaced in 1928, the men's death row and the execution chamber were housed in Building A.<ref>Edds, Margaret. ''An Expendable Man: The Near-Execution of Earl Washington, Jr.''. [[NYU Press]], October 1, 2006. {{ISBN|0814722393}}, 9780814722398. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CiwTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4].</ref> The execution chamber was moved from the Virginia State Penitentiary to Greensville in 1991.<ref>Richardson, Selden. ''The Tri-State Gang in Richmond: Murder and Robbery in the Great Depression'' (True Crime Series). [[The History Press]], 2012. {{ISBN|1609495233}}, 9781609495237. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ijY2-fP4ji4C&pg=PA203 203]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref>

==Legal issues and controversies==

===Human Rights Watch: Red Onion===
A 1999 report by [[Human Rights Watch]] raised concerns over conditions at [[Red Onion State Prison]]. The report states that "the Virginia Department of Corrections has failed to embrace basic tenets of sound correctional practice and laws protecting inmates from abusive, degrading or cruel treatment"<ref>Red Onion State Prison. "[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/redonion/Rospfin.htm#P59_713 Human Rights Watch]." Retrieved on June 11, 2012.</ref> and claims that "racism, excessive violence and inhumane conditions reign inside."<ref name="wp">{{Cite news | title= At Va.'s Toughest Prison, Tight Controls | newspaper= [[Washington Post]] | date= April 18, 1999 | page= C1 | url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/daily/april99/supermax18.htm | access-date= January 16, 2010}}</ref>

===ADA compliance (Minnis et al. v. Johnson et al.)===
In January 2010, complaints against the VADOC were filed in US District Court stating deaf and hard of hearing inmates could not properly communicate with friends and family outside the facility, had no visual notifications for safety announcements in the facilities, and had limited access to sign-language interpreters. In November 2010, after reviewing the complaints, the VADOC became the first corrections department in the country to install videophones, allowing deaf and hard of hearing inmates to communicate with friends and family outside the facility. In addition, sign language versions of rules, proceedings, medical appointments, meals, and events were also made available, and interpreters were brought in twice a week.

===Reading material restrictions (Couch v. Jabe et al.)===
The department permits the circulation of some softcore sexual-orientation magazines such as ''"[[Playboy]]"''. Previously, some classic literature books with erotica, such as ''"[[Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses]]"'' by [[James Joyce]], ''"[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]"'' by [[D. H. Lawrence]], and ''"[[Fanny Hill]]"'' were banned. In 2010, as a result of a lawsuit filed by an inmate, a Federal court instructed the state corrections agency to begin permitting the circulation of the books.<ref>Dougherty, Kerry. "[http://hamptonroads.com/2010/09/va-prisons-brawl-over-smutty-books-vs-racy-mags Va. prisons in brawl over smutty books vs. racy mags]." ''"[[The Virginian-Pilot]]"''. September 5, 2010. Retrieved on October 14, 2010.</ref>

===Strip searches===
In December 2019, press reports indicated that an eight-year-old was ordered to strip naked in order to be searched before she was allowed to visit her father. A spokesman for the department apologized.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balk |first1=Tim |title=Girl, 8, strip-searched at Virginia jail during visit to see her dad: report |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-8-year-old-girl-strip-searched-virginia-prison-20191206-cf446cws3ja6vdj7k56a4suxde-story.html |access-date=6 December 2019 |work=New York Daily News |date=5 December 2019}}</ref>

=== Tampon ban ===
In September 2018, the department made headlines for banning female visitors to inmates from wearing [[tampon]]s or [[menstrual cup]]s in concerns over contraband being smuggled into the prisons. The ban was rescinded that same month after a public outcry and inquiry from the ACLU.

==See also==
{{Portal|Virginia}}
*[[List of United States state correction agencies]]
*[[List of law enforcement agencies in Virginia]]
*[[Prison]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.vadoc.virginia.gov Virginia Department of Corrections]
*{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/*/http://www.cns.state.va.us:80/doc/|title=Virginia Department of Corrections}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061001132433/http://www.appalshop.org/h2h/film/screenings.htm ''"Up the Ridge"'', a documentary film about the Virginia state prison system]

{{-}}
{{State prisons in Virginia}}
{{Incarceration in the United States}}
{{State agencies of Virginia}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Virginia Department Of Corrections}}
[[Category:State corrections departments of the United States]]
[[Category:Penal system in Virginia]]
[[Category:State law enforcement agencies of Virginia]]