View source for Vietnamese Braille

{{Short description|Braille alphabet of the Vietnamese language}}
{{Infobox writing system
| name = Vietnamese Braille
| altname = 
| type = Alphabet
| typedesc = 
| time = 
| languages = [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
| fam1 = [[Braille]]
| fam2 = [[French Braille]]
| print = [[Vietnamese alphabet]]
| creator = 
| sample = 
| imagesize = 
| note = none
}}
'''Vietnamese Braille''' is the [[braille]] alphabet used for the [[Vietnamese language]]. It is very close to [[French Braille]] (and thus to a lesser degree to [[English Braille]]), but with the addition of tone letters. Vietnamese Braille is known in Vietnamese as ''chữ nổi'', literally "raised letters", while electronic braille displays are called ''màn hình chữ nổi''.

==Alphabet==
Apart from ''đ'' (which is brailled as  {{bc|2346}}<ref> In 2009, Vietnamese Braille changed so that ''đ'' is produced with dots {{bc|2346}}; ''d'' and ''z'' follow French braille. (''Braille in Asia'' published by the Mitsubishi Foundation and distributed by the Japan Braille Library).</ref> and the addition of five tone letters, the Vietnamese Braille alphabet is nearly identical to [[French Braille]]: the only other difference is the substitution of Vietnamese ''ư ơ'' for French ''ü œ'', and the dropping of those letters which are not needed in Vietnamese. However, because of the tone letters, the design is different: Vietnamese Braille has separate letters for vowels and tones, so the French Braille letters for ''é à è ù'' are not used; they are written instead as tone ◌́ or ◌̀ plus the vowels ''a e u''.

{| class=wikitable
|+Vietnamese Braille<ref>{{Cite web 
|url=http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/4102/PreviewComp/SuperStock_4102-30012.jpg |title=A photo of a braille chart at a Vietnamese school |access-date=2006-08-11 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528101648/https://www.webcitation.org/query.php?url=http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/4102/PreviewComp/SuperStock_4102-30012.jpg |archive-date=2024-05-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120205000319/http://www.saomaiedufund.info/ Sao Mai Education Fund]}}</ref>
|- align=center
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1}} <br> a
|{{Braille cell|type=image|12}} <br> b
|{{Braille cell|type=image|14}} <br> c
|{{Braille cell|type=image|145}} <br> d
|{{Braille cell|type=image|15}} <br> e
| 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1245}} <br> g
|{{Braille cell|type=image|125}} <br> h
|{{Braille cell|type=image|24}} <br> i
| 
|rowspan=7|&nbsp;&nbsp;
| 
|- align=center
|{{Braille cell|type=image|13}} <br> k
|{{Braille cell|type=image|123}} <br> l
|{{Braille cell|type=image|143}} <br> m
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1453}} <br> n
|{{Braille cell|type=image|153}} <br> o
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1234}} <br> p
|{{Braille cell|type=image|12345}} <br> q
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1235}} <br> r
|{{Braille cell|type=image|234}} <br> s
|{{Braille cell|type=image|2345}} <br> t
|{{Braille cell|type=image|46}} <br> <small>(caps)</small>
|- align=center
|{{Braille cell|type=image|136}} <br> u
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1236}} <br> v
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1436}} <br> x
|{{Braille cell|type=image|14536}} <br> y
|{{Braille cell|type=image|2346}} <br> đ
| 
| 
|
| 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|3456}} <br> <small>(num)</small>
|- align=center
|{{Braille cell|type=image|16}} <br> â
|{{Braille cell|type=image|126}} <br> ê
| 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1456}} <br> ô
| 
| 
| 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1256}} <br> ư
|{{Braille cell|type=image|246}} <br> ơ
| 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|345}} <br> ă<!--though technically of the 3rd decade, it fits better here, as a mirror-image of ê among the extra vowels-->
|- align=center
|{{Braille cell|type=image|2}} <br> , 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|23}} <br> ; 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|25}} <br> : 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|256}} <br> . 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|26}} <br> <big>◌̉</big>
|{{Braille cell|type=image|235}} <br> &nbsp;
|{{Braille cell|type=image|2356}} <br> &nbsp; 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|236}} <br> &nbsp;
|{{Braille cell|type=image|35}} <br> <big>◌́</big>
|{{Braille cell|type=image|356}} <br> &nbsp;
|{{Braille cell|type=image|56}} <br> <big>◌̀</big>
|- align=center
|{{Braille cell|type=image|3}} <br> &nbsp;
|
|{{Braille cell|type=image|36}} <br> <big>◌̃</big>
|colspan=7 | 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|6}} <br> <big>◌̣</big>
|- align=center
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1}} <br> 1 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|12}} <br> 2 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|14}} <br> 3 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|145}} <br> 4 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|15}} <br> 5 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|124}} <br> 6 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|1245}} <br> 7 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|125}} <br> 8 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|24}} <br> 9 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|245}} <br> 0 
|{{Braille cell|type=image|0}} <br> <small>(space)</small>
|}
* One braille letter is used for each Latin letter.
* Tone letters (transcribing the diacritics ◌̉ ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̃ ◌̣) are written immediately before the vowel.

For example,
{|class=wikitable
|-align=center
| <span style="font-size:190%;">{{lang|vi|Màn}}</span> || <span style="font-size:190%;">{{lang|vi|hình}}</span> || <span style="font-size:190%;">{{lang|vi|chữ}}</span> || <span style="font-size:190%;">{{lang|vi|nổi.}}</span>
|-align=center
|{{Braille cell|type=image|size=30px|⠨|⠍|⠰|⠁|⠝}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|size=30px|⠓|⠰|⠊|⠝|⠓}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|size=30px|⠉|⠓|⠤|⠳}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|size=30px|⠝|⠢|⠹|⠊|⠲}}
|-align=center
|''{{sm|[[Capital letter|cap]]}}–m–◌̀–a–n''||''h–◌̀–i–n–h''||''c–h–◌̃–ư''||''n–◌̉–ô–i–{{sm|[[Full stop|stop]]}}''
|}

==Punctuation==

{| class=wikitable
|- align=center
|{{Braille cell|type=image|2}} <br> ,
|{{Braille cell|type=image|23}} <br> ;
|{{Braille cell|type=image|25}} <br> :
|{{Braille cell|type=image|256}} <br> .
|colspan=3|{{Braille cell|type=image|236}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|356}} <br> “...”
|{{Braille cell|type=image|26}} <br> ?
|{{Braille cell|type=image|235}} <br> !
|colspan=3|{{Braille cell|type=image|3|3|3}} <br> ...
|{{Braille cell|type=image|36}} <br> -
|{{Braille cell|type=image|236}} <br> *
|- align=center
|colspan=3|{{Braille cell|type=image|2356}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|2356}} <br> (...)
|colspan=5|{{Braille cell|type=image|46|126}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|46|345}} <br> [...] OR {...}
|{{Braille cell|type=image|34}} <br> /
|}

==See also==
* [[Vietnamese sign languages]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Braille}}

[[Category:French-ordered braille alphabets|Vietnamese Braille]]