View source for Vechigen

{{Short description|Municipality in Bern, Switzerland}}

{{Update|date=April 2024}}

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name				  = Vechigen
| image_photo  				  = KircheVechigen.jpg
| municipality_type			  = municipality
| imagepath_coa				  = CHE Vechigen COA.svg
| imagepath_flag  			  = CHE Vechigen Flag.svg
| canton					  = Bern
| iso-code-region 			  = CH-BE
| district					  = [[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]
| coordinates 				  = {{coord|46|57|N|7|34|E|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code				  = 3067
| municipality_code			  = 0359
| area						  = 25
| elevation					  = 583
| elevation_description		  = 
| population				  = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0359}}
| populationof				  = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}
| website					  = www.vechigen.ch
| mayor						  = Sibylle Schwegler-Messerli|mayor_asof=2024|mayor_party=SVP
| mayor_title				  = 
| list_of_mayors			  = 
| places					  = Boll, Lindental, Sinneringen, Utzigen, Vechigen
| demonym					  = 
| neighboring_municipalities  = [[Bolligen]], [[Hasle bei Burgdorf]], [[Krauchthal]], [[Muri bei Bern]], [[Oberburg, Bern|Oberburg]], [[Stettlen]], [[Walkringen]], [[Worb]]
| twintowns					  = 
}}

'''Vechigen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland administrative district]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]],  [[Switzerland]]. Until the administrative centralization of 1966, it was composed of four semi-autonomous communities: Vechigen, Sinneringen with Boll and Dentenberg, Utzigen with Lindental, and Berg with Littewil and Radelfingen.

==History==
Vechigen was first mentioned in 1275 as ''Vechingen''.<ref name=HDS/> Sinneringen was first mentioned between 1261 and 1263 as ''Sineringen''.<ref name=HDS_Sinneringen>{{HDS|8484|Sinneringen}}</ref> Utzigen was referred to as ''Uzingen'' in 1275.<ref name=HDS_Utzigen>{{HDS|8365|Utzigen}}</ref>

===Vechigen===
The Vechigen valley and mountain originally belonged to the Baron of Belp-Montenach. However, in 1298, they lost their land to the growing city of [[Bern]]. From then on, Vechigen was one of the four outer [[parish]]es of Bern, and until 1798, residents of the village were also citizens of the city.

The village church of [[Martin of Tours|St. Martin]] was first mentioned in 1275. It was rebuilt in 1513/14, and the bell tower dates from 1486.

In 1834, the municipality of Vechigen was formed with four quarters: Vechigen, Sinneringen with Boll and Dentenberg, Utzigen with Lindental, and Berg with Littewil and Radelfingen. Each quarter was responsible for local administration, including schooling and road construction, while the municipality handled taxation and finance. In 1913, the Worblentalbahn opened a rail station in Boll-Utzigen. By 1950, the [[urban agglomeration|agglomeration]] of Bern had expanded along this line, and the villages of Boll and Sinneringen became part of the agglomeration area. The population in these two villages grew rapidly, while it either dropped or stagnated in the rest of the municipality. As the quarters transitioned from agricultural to residential areas, the decentralized government became inefficient, leading to its centralization into a single government in 1966. In 1961, a secondary school was built in the municipality, and there are now a total of five school buildings.<ref name=HDS/>

===Sinneringen and Boll===
Until 1966, the Sinneringen quarter included Sinneringen itself, the [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]] of Boll and Dentenberg, as well as farmhouses in the Worblen Valley and on Dentenberg Mountain. On the hillside above the Worblen, several [[Hallstatt culture|Hallstatt]] graves were discovered, and a Roman villa was found at Hubel. During the 13th century, the [[Counts of Kyburg]] were the [[vogt]]s of the village. In 1729, Hans Rudolf von Diesbach built his country estate, the Schlössli, in Sinneringen. In 1844, the artist August von Bonstetten expanded the manor house and added a clock tower.<ref name=HDS_Sinneringen/>

By the 1950s, Sinneringen had become part of the Bern agglomeration, leading to a rapid population increase. By 2005, more than half of Vechigen's population lived in Sinneringen and Boll.

Boll developed from shops and inns located at the intersection of the Bern-Krauchthal and Worb-Zollikofen roads. In the 18th and 19th centuries, it consisted of a customs station, an inn, a smithy, a sawmill, and a few houses. During the 19th and 20th centuries, nearby rivers were redirected, and local swamps were drained, opening up new land around Boll for housing and farming. Despite 19th-century road construction and the completion of the Worblentalbahn rail station at Utzigen-Boll in 1913, Boll remained a small village. However, during the 1960s, the outskirts of Bern reached Boll, leading to rapid expansion. Today, the majority of Boll’s residents commute to Bern for work.<ref name=HDS_Boll>{{HDS|8314|Boll}}</ref>

===Utzigen===
The Utzigen quarter included the village of Utzigen, the hamlets of Wuhl, Birchi, and Lindental, as well as 50 houses situated on a hillside above the Worblental. Utzigen originated from a [[Late Middle Ages|late medieval]] ''[[Herrschaft (territory)|herrschaft]]''. Beginning in the 14th century, it was owned by several Bernese patrician families and was administered from [[Utzigen Castle]]. In 1669, Samuel Jenner (1624–1699) built a new castle on the site of the earlier building. After the [[French invasion of Switzerland#Collapse|1798 French invasion]], the ''herrschaft'' was dissolved. The Dachselhofer family, who owned the estate in 1798, lost their rights to hold the [[High, middle and low justice|low court]] over the ''herrschaft'' but retained the castle and other property. The castle served as the family's summer residence until 1875, when it was sold to the municipality. The municipality then established an institute for alcoholics and unemployed men and women. At its peak, the institute housed over 500 people who worked on the large farm attached to the estate. In 1964, the castle was converted into a nursing and retirement home, and in 2001, it became a residential care home. The village also has a primary school.<ref name=HDS_Utzigen/>

==Geography==
[[File:ETH-BIB-Sinneringen aus 200 m-Inlandflüge-LBS MH01-004288.tif|thumb|Aerial view by [[Walter Mittelholzer]] (1925)]]

It is located about {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of the city of [[Bern]]. The small town is situated away from the main roads of the region and is considered one of the more picturesque towns in the area. The highest point in the municipality is the Schönbrunnenchnubel at {{convert|956|m|ft|abbr=on}}, while the lowest point is the Worble at {{convert|550|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Notably, Bern Airport is near this town.

Vechigen covers an area of {{Swiss area|0359|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|0359|QUELLE}}<!--24.83 - 24.81 km2--> Of this, {{convert|15.08|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, or 60.7%, is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|7.55|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, or 30.4%, is forested. The remaining land includes {{convert|2.12|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, or 8.5%, that is settled with buildings or roads, and {{convert|0.06|km2|acre|abbr=on}}, or 0.2%, that is covered by rivers or lakes.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref>

In the built-up area, housing and buildings occupy 5.6%, while transportation infrastructure accounts for 2.6%. Of the forested land, 29.2% of the total area is densely forested, and 1.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Agricultural land is used as follows: 35.6% for growing crops, 23.1% for pastures, and 2.0% for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality consists of flowing water.<ref name=BFS_land/>

The municipality is located in the upper Worblental (Worblen valley). It consists of the villages of Vechigen, Sinneringen, and Boll in the valley; Utzigen on the mountain slopes; and a number of scattered [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]] and farmhouses, including Lindental, Littewil, Radelfingen, and Dentenberg.

On 31 December 2009, the municipality's former district, Amtsbezirk Bern, was dissolved. The following day, 1 January 2010, it became part of the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland.<ref name=Mutation>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113231755/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html |date=2015-11-13 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 4 April 2011</ref>

==Coat of arms==
The [[blazon]] of the municipal [[coat of arms]] is ''Gules, a Wing Argent.''<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be048.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 20-July-2012</ref>

==Demographics==
As of December 2020, Vechigen had a population of 5,512,{{Swiss populations ref|CH-BE}} with 6.8% being resident foreign nationals as of 2010.<ref name=BE_Stat>[http://www.fin.be.ch/de/index/finanzen/finanzen/publikationen/wohnbevoelkerung.html Statistical office of the Canton of Bern] {{in lang|de}} accessed 4 January 2012</ref> Between 2000 and 2010, the population grew by 4.4%, with migration contributing 3.8% and natural population change (births and deaths) accounting for 0.6%.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 20-July-2012</ref>

As of 2010, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) made up 21.2% of the population, adults (20–64 years old) comprised 59.1%, and seniors (over 64 years old) accounted for 19.7%.<ref name="SFSO" />

As of 2008, the population was 49.1% male and 50.9% female. It included 2,091 Swiss men (45.4% of the population) and 170 non-Swiss men (3.7%). There were 2,205 Swiss women (47.9%) and 142 non-Swiss women (3.1%).<ref name="BE_Stat"/> Of the population, 1,287 people (27.9%) were born in Vechigen and lived there in 2000. Additionally, 2,105 people (45.6%) were born in the same canton, 692 people (15.0%) were born elsewhere in Switzerland, and 359 people (7.8%) were born outside of Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/>

As of 2000, most of the population speaks [[German language|German]] as their first language (4,415 or 95.7%). [[French language|French]] is the second most common language (42 or 0.9%), followed by [[English language|English]] (40 or 0.9%). Additionally, there are 21 [[Italian language|Italian]] speakers and 1 [[Romansh language|Romansh]] speaker.<ref name="STAT2000" />

As of 2000, there were 1,830 people who were single and never married in the municipality. Additionally, there were 2,330 married individuals, 265 widows or widowers, and 189 divorced individuals.<ref name=STAT2000>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409212530/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true |date=2014-04-09 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 2 February 2011</ref>

As of 2000, there were 466 households consisting of only one person and 118 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 1,721 apartments (89.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 164 apartments (8.6%) were seasonally occupied and 33 apartments (1.7%) were empty.<ref name=Housing>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=2014-09-07 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref> As of 2010, the construction rate of new housing units was 13.9 new units per 1,000 residents.<ref name=SFSO/> The vacancy rate for the municipality in 2011 was 0.27%.

The historical population is shown in the following chart:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|217|Vechigen}}</ref><ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930162751/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true |date=2014-09-30 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 29 January 2011</ref>
<timeline>
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 bar:1764 from:start till:1569 text:"1,569"
 bar:1798 from:start till:1891 text:"1,891"
 bar:1850 from:start till:2692 text:"2,692"
 bar:1860 from:start till:2525 text:"2,525"
 bar:1870 from:start till:2554 text:"2,554"
 bar:1880 from:start till:2970 text:"2,970"
 bar:1888 from:start till:2840 text:"2,840"
 bar:1900 from:start till:2860 text:"2,860"
 bar:1910 from:start till:2730 text:"2,730"
 bar:1920 from:start till:2714 text:"2,714"
 bar:1930 from:start till:2762 text:"2,762"
 bar:1941 from:start till:2803 text:"2,803"
 bar:1950 from:start till:2914 text:"2,914"
 bar:1960 from:start till:3153 text:"3,153"
 bar:1970 from:start till:3595 text:"3,595"
 bar:1980 from:start till:4036 text:"4,036"
 bar:1990 from:start till:4240 text:"4,240"
 bar:2000 from:start till:4614 text:"4,614"
</timeline>

==Sights==
The entire hamlet of Lindental is designated as part of the [[Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html|title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte|year=2009|work=KGS Inventar|publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection|language=de|access-date=25 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html|archive-date=28 June 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Politics==
In the [[2011 Swiss federal election|2011 federal election]], the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]], which received 29.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Swiss Party of Labour|BDP Party]] (17.3%), the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SPS]] (16.6%), and the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (9.8%). In total, 2,237 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 62.0%.<ref name=election_2011>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114214422/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html |date=2013-11-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 8 May 2012</ref>

==Economy==
As of 2011, Vechigen had an unemployment rate of 1.01%. As of 2008, there were a total of 1,159 people employed in the municipality. Of these, 299 people were employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]], with about 105 businesses involved in this sector. The [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] employed 166 people, with 37 businesses operating in this sector. The [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] employed 694 people, with 94 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/>

In 2008, there were a total of 837 [[full-time equivalent]] jobs. The primary sector accounted for 178 jobs, with 176 in agriculture and 2 in forestry or lumber production. The secondary sector had 148 jobs, including 51 (34.5%) in manufacturing and 90 (60.8%) in construction. The tertiary sector had 511 jobs, distributed as follows: 85 (16.6%) in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 11 (2.2%) in the movement and storage of goods, 36 (7.0%) in hotels or restaurants, 6 (1.2%) in the information industry, 43 (8.4%) as technical professionals or scientists, 74 (14.5%) in education, and 190 (37.2%) in health care.<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=2014-12-25 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref>

In 2000, there were 402 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,654 who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with approximately 4.1 workers leaving for every one entering.<ref name=commuter>[http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php |date=2012-08-04 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 24 June 2010</ref> Of the working population, 27.1% used public transportation to get to work, while 48.5% used a private car.<ref name=SFSO/>

==Religion==
From the 2000 census, 476 residents, or 10.3% of the population, were [[Roman Catholic]], while 3,446 people, or 74.7%, belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]]. The remaining population included 19 [[Orthodoxy#Christianity|members of an Orthodox church]] (about 0.41%), 3 individuals (about 0.07%) who belonged to the [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland|Christian Catholic Church]], and 265 people (about 5.74%) who were members of other Christian churches. There was 1 [[Judaism|Jewish]] individual, 45 people (about 0.98%) who were [[Islam]]ic, 5 individuals who were [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], 27 who were [[Hinduism|Hindu]], and 5 who belonged to another church. Additionally, 306 people (about 6.63%) had no religious affiliation, identified as [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]], and 143 individuals (about 3.10%) did not answer the question.<ref name=STAT2000/>

==Education==
In Vechigen, about 1,832 residents, or 39.7% of the population, have completed non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]], and 817 people, or 17.7%, have completed higher education (either at a [[List of universities in Switzerland|university]] or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]''). Of those 817 who completed tertiary education, 70.3% were Swiss men, 22.9% were Swiss women, 4.4% were non-Swiss men, and 2.4% were non-Swiss women.<ref name=STAT2000/>

The Canton of Bern's school system provides one year of non-compulsory [[kindergarten]], followed by six years of primary school. This is followed by three years of compulsory lower secondary school, where students are grouped according to their ability and aptitude. After completing lower secondary school, students may either pursue further education or enter an [[apprenticeship]].<ref>{{Cite report |title=Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein |url= http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf |author= EDK/CDIP/IDES |year= 2010 |access-date= 24 June 2010 }}</ref>

During the 2009-10 school year, a total of 482 students attended classes in Vechigen. The municipality had four kindergarten classes with a total of 62 students. Among the kindergarten students, 4.8% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (non-citizens), and 3.2% had a mother tongue different from the language of instruction. The primary level consisted of 16 classes with 296 students, of whom 6.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (non-citizens). At the lower secondary level, there were eight classes with a total of 124 students, 7.3% of whom were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (non-citizens), and 2.4% had a mother tongue different from the classroom language.<ref name=School>[http://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/direktion/organisation/generalsekretariat/statistik/schul-_und_gemeindetabellen.html Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf document]{{in lang|de}} accessed 4 January 2012</ref>

{{as of|2000}}, there were 19 students in Vechigen who came from other municipalities, while 209 residents of Vechigen attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Commons category}}

{{Municipalities of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities of the canton of Bern]]