View source for Val-d'Oise

{{Short description|Department of France in Île-de-France}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Val-d'Oise
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline           = Écouen Château d'Écouen Südseite 3.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Château d'Écouen]]
| image_flag              = Flag_of_the_Department_of_Val-d'Oise_(Variant_2).svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Val-d’Oise.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Val-d'Oise-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Val-d'Oise in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{Coord|49|3|43|N|2|5|10|E|region:FR-95_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Île-de-France]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Pontoise]] <small>(official)</small><br/>[[Cergy]] <small>(''disputed'')</small>
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = {{Plain list|
* [[Argenteuil]]
* [[Sarcelles]]
* [[Pontoise]] <small>(''disputed'')</small>
}}
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Marie-Christine Cavecchi<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 1246
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|17th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10r_3gdp/default/table | title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions|website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = €38.861 billion (2021)
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita 
| demographics1_info2 = €30,925 (2021)
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 95
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Val-d'Oise department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Cantons of the Val-d'Oise department|21]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[Communes of the Val-d'Oise department|184]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = FR-95
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{Note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}

'''Val-d'Oise''' ({{IPA|fr|val dwaz|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Val-d'Oise.wav}}, "Vale of the [[Oise (river)|Oise]]") is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Île-de-France]] [[Regions of France|region]], Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the [[Seine-et-Oise]] department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep95.pdf Populations légales 2019: 95 Val-d'Oise], INSEE</ref>

It is named after the river [[Oise (river)|Oise]], a major tributary of the [[Seine]], which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]], France's main international airport, is partially located in [[Roissy-en-France]], a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]] and postcode number is 95.

==History==
The original departments of France were established in 1790 when the French National Assembly split the country into 83 departments of roughly the same size and population. They were designed as sets of communes, and when better maps became available, certain revisions had to be made. 
In 1964, it was determined to divide up the departments of [[Seine (department)|Seine]] and [[Seine-et-Oise]]. Val-d'Oise was one of the new departments so formed, and was created entirely from the previous department of Seine-et-Oise.<ref>{{cite book |author=Gwillim Law |title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 |year=1999 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3 |pages=132–133}}</ref>

==Geography==
Val-d'Oise is a department in north central France and is part of the region of [[Île-de-France]]. To the south of the department lies the department of [[Hauts-de-Seine]], to the southwest lies [[Yvelines]], to the west lies [[Eure]], to the north lies [[Oise]], to the east lies [[Seine-et-Marne]] and to the southeast lies [[Seine-Saint-Denis]].<ref name=Philips>{{cite book |title=Philips' Modern School Atlas |year=1973 |publisher=George Philip and Son, Ltd. |isbn=0-540-05278-7 |pages=42–43 }}</ref>  The official ''préfecture'' (capital) of the department is the commune of [[Pontoise]], situated in the suburbs of [[Paris]] some {{convert|28|km|mi}} northwest of the centre of the city, but the ''préfecture'' building and administrative offices are in the neighbouring commune of [[Cergy]]. The [[Oise (river)|River Oise]] is a right tributary of the [[Seine|River Seine]], and flows through the province from northeast to southwest.<ref name=Philips/>

The eastern part of the department is part of the [[Pays de France]], an area of fertile plain traditionally used for agriculture (particularly cereals and sugar beet) based on its fine silty soils. This part is progressively diminishing in size as Paris expands. Part of [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]] falls in this eastern region, while other parts are in the departments of Seine-et-Marne and Seine-Saint-Denis. The southernmost region of the department forms part of the [[Seine|Seine Valley]] and occupies the whole of the small [[Vallée de Montmorency]]. These parts are heavily urbanised, but the ancient Roman road, the [[Chaussée Jules César]], which linked Paris and [[Rouen]], passes through the latter. The central and southwestern parts of the department are also largely urbanised and part of the greater Paris sprawl. The western part of the department forms part of the historic county of [[Vexin|Vexin français]], a verdant, largely agricultural plateau. Its capital was [[Pontoise]] on the eastern extremity of the county. This commune is now combining with the neighbouring commune of [[Cergy]] to form the new town of [[Cergy-Pontoise]]. The Vexin area remains largely rural, and across the whole department, one fifth is covered with trees.<ref name=Philips/>

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Argenteuil]]; the prefecture [[Pontoise]] is the sixth-most populous. As of 2019, the 10 most populous communes are:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Argenteuil]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 111,038
|-
| [[Cergy]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 65,911
|-
| [[Sarcelles]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 59,196
|-
| [[Garges-lès-Gonesse]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 43,239
|-
| [[Franconville, Val-d'Oise|Franconville]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 37,394
|-
| [[Pontoise]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 32,405
|-
| [[Bezons]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 31,671
|-
| [[Herblay-sur-Seine]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 31,314
|-
| [[Goussainville, Val-d'Oise|Goussainville]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 31,068
|-
| [[Ermont]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 28,939
|}

==Economy==
The economy of Val-d'Oise relies on two different themes. The northern, eastern and western parts are fertile areas of agricultural land producing large quantities of corn, sugar beet, and other crops. The urban parts to the south are dormitory towns, used by people working in the greater metropolitan area of Paris. The presence of Charles de Gaulle Airport and its associated [[TGV]] station provides access by rail to all parts of France. The department has nine business zones designated for high-tech industries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceevo95.fr/en/ |title=Val d'Oise  |language=fr |publisher=Comité d'Expansion Economique du Val d'Oise |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Population development since 1876:
{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/95his.html|title=Historique du Val-d'Oise|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-95|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|27=1876|28=129,655|29=1881|30=134,859|31=1891|32=143,387|33=1901|34=164,962|35=1911|36=196,599|37=1921|38=227,220|39=1926|40=283,256|41=1931|42=353,374|43=1936|44=350,487|45=1946|46=344,744|47=1954|48=412,658|49=1962|50=548,429|51=1968|52=693,269|53=1975|54=840,885|55=1982|56=920,598|57=1990|58=1,049,598|59=1999|60=1,105,464|61=2006|62=1,157,054|63=2011|64=1,180,365|65=2016|66=1,221,923|67=2022|68=1,270,845}}

===Place of birth of residents===
{{France immigration
|collectivity_name=Val-d'Oise
|census_year=1999
|metropolitan_France=76.2
|outside_metropolitan_France=24.8
|overseas_France=2.2
|foreign_French= 2.9
|EU-15=3.6
|non-EU-15=15.1
}}

==Politics==

The president of the Departmental Council is Marie-Christine Cavecchi, elected in 2017.

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République Earche!}}" |
| [[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 66.15
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 33.85
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles|title=Présidentielles|first=Ministère de|last=l'Intérieur|website=interieur.gouv.fr}}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 72.53
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 27.73
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 53.91
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 46.09
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 52.30
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 47.70
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref name="auto"/>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 82.74
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 17.26
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.politiquemania.com/presidentielles-1995-departement.html | title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania }}</ref>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 53.78
| [[Lionel Jospin]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 46.22
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 1st constituency]]
| [[Antoine Savignat]]
| [[The Republicans (France)]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Guillaume Vuilletet]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Cécile Rilhac]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 4th constituency]]
| [[Naïma Moutchou]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The New Democrats}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 5th constituency]]
| [[Fiona Lazaar]]
| [[The New Democrats]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 6th constituency]]
| [[David Corceiro]]
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 7th constituency]]
|[[Dominique Da Silva (politician)|Dominique Da Silva]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 8th constituency]]
| [[François Pupponi]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 9th constituency]]
| [[Zivka Park]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The New Democrats}}" |
| [[Val-d'Oise's 10th constituency]]
| [[Aurélien Taché]]
| [[The New Democrats]]
|}

==Tourism==
The department has a rich archaeological and historical heritage, but is not a region visited much by tourists, perhaps being overshadowed by the French capital. Places of interest include the following sites;<ref name=Agence/> [[La Roche-Guyon]] with a castle on top of a rocky hill and a twelfth century château; [[L'Isle-Adam, Val-d'Oise|L'Isle-Adam]], a historic small town on the bank of the River Oise; [[Auvers-sur-Oise]], which owes its international fame to its landscapes and the impressionist painters such as [[Charles-François Daubigny]], [[Paul Cézanne]], [[Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot]], [[Camille Pissarro]] and [[Vincent van Gogh]] who immortalised them; [[Enghien-les-Bains]], a spa resort with a hot, sulphurous spring, on the site of what was originally Lake Enghien; [[Écouen]] with a fine château which houses the Museum of the Renaissance; Cergy-Pontoise, the new administrative capital which has been created out of thirteen communes and has quadrupled in population since the 1960s. There is a branch of the Académie de Versailles in the city which provides tertiary education; [[Théméricourt]], where as well as a fine château, there is the historic church of Notre-Dame, and the twelfth or thirteenth century Croix de l'Ormeteau-Marie.<ref>{{cite book |title=la croix de l'Ormeteau-Marie à Théméricourt |author=Vasseur, Roland |work=Richesse du patrimoine |publisher=Mémoires de la Société historique et archéologique de Pontoise, du Val d'Oise et du Vexin |language=fr |issn=1148-8077 }}</ref> [[Royaumont Abbey]], founded by St. Louis in the thirteenth century, is another important site. There are two protected nature areas in the department: the [[Parc naturel régional du Vexin français]] and the [[Parc naturel régional Oise-Pays de France]].<ref name=Agence>{{cite web |url=http://www.valdoise-tourisme.com/en/val-d-oise/must-see-places/must-see-places.php |title=Val d'Oise: Must see places |work=Visit Paris |publisher=Agence de Développement et de Réservation Touristiques du Val d’Oise |access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref>

[[Argenteuil]] is a sub-prefecture and is the second most populous of Paris' suburbs. It is in a scenic location by the River Seine and has been much-painted by [[Claude Monet]], [[Eugène Delacroix]], [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], [[Gustave Caillebotte]], [[Alfred Sisley]] and [[Georges Braque]]. It has several historic buildings and a local museum.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Dominique Auzias|author2=Jean-Paul Labourdette|title=Val-d'Oise 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEO_JNQx1k0C&pg=PT22|year=2012 |publisher=Petit Futé |isbn=978-2-7469-6136-4 |pages=22–}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Chateau-decouen.jpg|[[Château d'Écouen]]
File:Château de La Roche-Guyon.jpg|[[La Roche Guyon]]
File:P1030360 chateau.JPG|Château de [[Théméricourt]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Cantons of the Val-d'Oise department]]
*[[Communes of the Val-d'Oise department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Val-d'Oise department]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.valdoise.fr/ Website of the Departmental council]
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.val-doise.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|en}} [http://www.ceevo95.fr/heading/heading3865.html Val d'Oise Economic Expansion Committee (CEEVO) Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504010419/http://www.ceevo95.fr/heading/heading3865.html |date=2008-05-04 }}
* {{in lang|en}} [http://www.valdoise-tourisme.com Committee of Tourism and Leisure in Val d'Oise]

{{Constituencies of Val-d'Oise}} 
{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Val-d'Oise| ]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Île-de-France]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1968]]