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{{Short description|Piston engine with ten cylinders in V configuration}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

[[File:Isuzu 10TD1 1 2013 Tokyo Motor Show.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Isuzu]] 10TD1 diesel engine]]

A '''V10 engine''' is a ten-[[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] [[piston engine]] where two banks of five cylinders are arranged in a [[V engine|V configuration]] around a common [[crankshaft]].  V10 engines are much less common than [[V8 engine|V8]] and [[V12 engine]]s. Several V10 diesel engines have been produced since 1965, and V10 petrol engines for road cars were first produced in 1991 with the release of the [[Dodge Viper]].

== Design ==
The V10 configuration does not have perfect [[engine balance]], since an unbalanced [[couple (mechanics)|rocking couple]] is caused by each [[cylinder bank]] functioning as a [[straight-five engine]]. Therefore, [[balance shaft]]s are sometimes used to reduce the vibrations in a V10 engine.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Engineering Explained: The Pros And Cons of Inline 5s, V10s And Rotary Engines|url=https://www.carthrottle.com/post/engineering-explained-the-pros-and-cons-of-inline-5s-v10s-and-rotary-engines/|date=10 November 2014|publisher=Car Throttle|access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref>

== Diesel engines ==
One of the first known V10 engines was used in the 1936 ''Busch-Sulzer ICRR 9201'' prototype locomotive, of which three examples were produced in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sulzer powered locomotives of the USA |url=https://www.derbysulzers.com/usa.html |website=www.derbysulzers.com |access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>

The 1965–1984 [[Leopard 1]] armored tank was powered by the ''MTU MB 838 CaM 500'' {{convert|37.4|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} V10 diesel engine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leopard 1 Main Battle Tank |url=https://science.howstuffworks.com/leopard-1-main-battle-tank2.htm |website=www.howstuffworks.com |access-date=4 February 2020 |language=en |date=19 November 2007}}</ref><ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/POgo8NLj2Zw Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200225075222/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POgo8NLj2Zw&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |title=Mtu mb 838 cam 500 Leopard 1 engine motor |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POgo8NLj2Zw |website=www.youtube.com |access-date=4 February 2020 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[Daimler-Benz]] produced three V10 diesel engine models (OM403, OM423 and OM443) for [[Mercedes-Benz NG]] and [[Neoplan]] buses in 1970s–1980s.

Four Japanese commercial vehicle manufacturers ([[Isuzu]], [[Hino Motors|Hino]], [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi Fuso]] and [[UD Trucks|Nissan Diesel]]) produced V10 diesel engines for their heavy duty trucks and coaches in 1970s–2000s.

The 1983–2023 [[Tatra 815]] truck was available with a {{convert|15.8|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} V10 engine.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tatrman (Antonín)|title=1986 Tatra 815 - 1 15.8 (966 cui) V10 diesel 208 kW 103 Nm|url=https://en.tatra-club.com/vehicle/tatra-815-1-953|access-date=2021-05-22|website=Tatra club|language=en}}</ref>

The [[List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#V10 TDI|Volkswagen V10 TDI]] is a turbocharged V10 engine which was produced from 2002 to 2010 for use in the ''[[Volkswagen Phaeton]]'' luxury sedan and ''[[Volkswagen Touareg]]'' SUV.

== Petrol engines ==
=== Production vehicles ===
[[File:Audi S6 Engine.JPG|thumb|2006–2011 [[Audi S6]] and [[Audi S8|S8]] engine]]
V10 engines are less common than V8 and V12 engines, a V12 is only slightly more complicated and runs more smoothly, while a V8 is less complex and more economical. Nevertheless, modern engineering has made it possible to use V10 engines for applications where a V8 would produce insufficient power and a V12 would be too complicated or bulky. V10s have been used in select luxury cars, sports cars and commercial vehicles.<ref name="auto"/>

An early V10 petrol engine was used in the 1987 [[Lamborghini P140]], however this prototype sports car did not reach production.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Jalpa replacements that never were – Lamborghini's P140 and Cala prototypes |url=https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2016/08/02/the-jalpa-replacements-that-never-were-lamborghinis-p140-and-cala-prototypes/ |website=www.hemmings.com |access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>

[[Dodge]] developed an early V10, originally designing a version of its [[Chrysler LA engine|LA series small block]] for use in trucks. The Dodge engine saw its first production use in substantially revised form in the [[Dodge Viper]] while the truck version of the engine was used starting in 1994 in the [[Dodge Ram]]. It discontinued in that application after 2003. However, 2003 also saw the introduction of the [[Dodge Ram SRT-10]], a performance model meant to rival Ford's successful V8 powered [[Ford SVT Lightning|F-150 SVT Lightning]]. The [[Viper engine]] (a 90-degree engine with odd firing order to obviate the need for a balance shaft) was improved during its production run, and produced as much as {{convert|640|hp|kW hp PS|0|abbr=on|lk=on|order=out}} in a standard state of tune from an 8.4 L version. The Viper engine was also used by [[Bristol Cars|Bristol]] in the two-seat [[Bristol Fighter (car)|Fighter]] [[coupe]], and in other low-volume vehicles.

Ford also developed a heavy-duty V10 version of their [[Ford Triton engine#6.8 Triton V10|Triton]] engine to replace the [[Ford 385 engine|460 big block]] in truck applications. It was introduced in the [[Ford E-Series|E-Series/Econoline]] full-size [[van]], and also saw duty in the [[Ford F-Series|F-Series Super Duty]] line and the [[Ford Excursion]] SUV, and was offered by Ford through the 2019 model year.

For the [[Lexus LFA]], the engineers selected a V10 engine over an equivalent displacement V8 because they could not get the V8 to rev as high as a V10,<ref name=cdrev2>{{cite web|url=http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/car/09q4/2012_lexus_lfa-first_drive_review|title=2012 Lexus LFA - First Drive Review - Auto Reviews|work=Car and Driver|accessdate=2009-10-22}}</ref> and over a V12 for its lower reciprocating mass,<ref name=jal2>{{cite web|url=http://jalopnik.com/379837/2011-lexus-lf+a |title=2011 Lexus LF-A |publisher=Jalopnik.com |date=2008-04-15 |accessdate=2010-10-09}}</ref><ref name=cdrev2/> allowing for more rapid engine response.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pr.com/press-release/194514 |title=Are You Lexus Supercar Material? Lexus of Watertown Asks Savvy Car Consumers in Greater Massachusetts. |publisher=PR.com |date=2009-11-23 |accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref> 

High-revving V10 power-plants were incorporated into supercars from [[Lamborghini]] and [[Porsche]].  [[BMW]] and [[Audi]] developed V10s for high performance cars such as [[BMW M5]], [[BMW M6]], [[Audi S6]], [[Audi RS6]], [[Audi S8]] and [[Audi R8]], mostly based upon their [[executive car]]s. [[Volkswagen]] also developed a V10, but as a [[Turbodiesel|turbo-diesel]].  A variant of the [[Volkswagen Phaeton]] was the first production sedan to contain a V10 of any kind.  

[[Image:BMW M5 V10 Engine.jpg|thumb|E60 [[BMW M5]] V10 ([[BMW S85|S85]])]]

Examples of petrol V10 production engines include:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* 1991–2017 [[Viper engine|Dodge Viper engine]]
* 1994–2003 [[Chrysler LA engine#8.0 L Magnum V10|Chrysler Magnum V10]]
* 1997–2021 [[Ford Modular engine#6.8&nbsp;L V10|Ford Triton engine]]
* 2003–2024 [[Lamborghini V10]]<ref>{{cite web |title=ENCOUNTER – Ten years V10 |url=https://audi-encounter.com/en/Audi-R8-V10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230233149/https://audi-encounter.com/en/Audi-R8-V10 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=30 December 2019 |website=audi-encounter.com |access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>
* 2003–2007 [[Porsche V10 engine]]
* 2005–2010 [[BMW S85]] 
* 2008–2010 [[List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines#5.0 V10 40v TFSI (Audi C6 RS6)|Audi V10 TFSI]]
* 2009–2012 [[Toyota LR engine#1LR-GUE|Toyota 1LR-GUE]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Sidhu |first=Harvinder |url=http://paultan.org/2009/10/21/552-horsepower-lexus-lfa-launched-all-you-need-to-know/ |title=552hp Lexus LFA launched – all you need to know |publisher=Paultan.org |access-date=2010-12-14}}</ref><ref name="cdrev">{{cite web|url=http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/car/09q4/2012_lexus_lfa-first_drive_review|title=2012 Lexus LFA – First Drive Review – Auto Reviews|work=Car and Driver|access-date=2009-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091024031831/http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/car/09q4/2012_lexus_lfa-first_drive_review|archive-date=2009-10-24|url-status=dead|date=2009-10-20}}</ref><ref name="jal">{{cite web|url=http://jalopnik.com/379837/2011-lexus-lf+a |title=2011 Lexus LF-A |publisher=Jalopnik.com |date=2008-04-15 |access-date=2010-10-09}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== Motor racing ===
One of the first known V10 engines designed for motor racing was a {{convert|3.5|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} prototype [[Formula One car|Formula One]] engine built by [[Alfa Romeo]] in 1986.<ref name="velocetoday.com">{{cite web |title=Alfa V10 164 Pro Car |url=http://velocetoday.com/cars/cars_134.php |website=www.velocetoday.com |access-date=27 January 2020}}</ref> Originally intended for the [[Equipe Ligier#Formula One|Ligier]] Formula One team, this partnership collapsed without the engine being used in any races. Alfa Romeo fitted the engine to two [[Alfa Romeo 164#Concept cars and variants|Alfa Romeo 164 Pro Car]] prototypes in 1988, however these cars also did not compete in any races.<ref name="velocetoday.com"/>

The most widespread use of V10 racing engines has been in Formula One. Following a ban on turbocharged engines after 1988, the first V10 Formula One cars were the 1989 [[McLaren MP4/5]] and [[Williams FW12]]. V10 engines were used by the majority of teams by the [[1996 Formula One World Championship|1996 season]], following reduction in displacement from {{convert|3.5|to|3.0|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}}. The V10 seemed the best compromise between the lower weight of a V8 and the higher power of a V12. [[Renault F1]] used a flatter 110° angle in [[2002 Formula One season|2002]] and [[2003 Formula One season|2003]], but reverted to a more conventional 72° following the change in rules which dictated that an engine must last two race weekends. In a further change to the rules, V10s were banned for the [[2006 Formula One season|2006 season]] onwards in favor of 2.4 L V8s.

In sports car racing, the first V10 engine was used by the [[Peugeot 905]] in the two final races of the [[1990 World Sportscar Championship season|1990 season]]. This was followed by the [[Judd (engine)#GV10|Judd GV10 engine]] being used by several teams during the [[1991 World Sportscar Championship|1991 season]] and the [[Toyota TS010]] that debuted in the last race of the season. The [[Audi R15 TDI]] was a [[Le Mans Prototype]] (LMP) racing car that used a turbocharged diesel V10 engine and competed in various endurance races in 2009 and 2010. The [[Audi R15 TDI]] set the current distance record for the [[2010 24 Hours of Le Mans]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flashback: Le Mans 2010 and the distance record|url=https://www.audi-mediacenter.com:443/en/press-releases/flashback-le-mans-2010-and-the-distance-record-3550|access-date=2021-05-22|website=Audi MediaCenter|language=en}}</ref>

=== Commercial vehicle use ===
Until early 2021, [[Blue Bird Corporation]] offered its [[Blue Bird Vision|Vision school bus]] with two V10 engine options, both [[Ford Modular engine|Ford Triton]] units.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blue Bird Vision|url=https://www.blue-bird.com/buses/vision|access-date=2020-11-15|website=www.blue-bird.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Flat-ten engine]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Piston engine configurations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:V10 Engine}}
[[Category:V10 engines| ]]
[[Category:V engines|10]]