View source for Urinary bladder disease

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| caption       = Urinary system
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'''Urinary bladder disease''' includes [[urinary bladder]] [[inflammation]] such as [[cystitis]], bladder rupture and bladder obstruction (tamponade). Cystitis is common, sometimes referred to as [[urinary tract infection]] (UTI) caused by bacteria, bladder rupture occurs when the bladder is overfilled and not emptied while bladder tamponade is a result of [[blood clot]] formation near the bladder outlet.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meijlink|first=Jane M|date=April 2014|title=Interstitial cystitis and the painful bladder: A brief history of nomenclature, definitions and criteria: History of IC/painful bladder|journal=International Journal of Urology|volume=21|pages=4–12|doi=10.1111/iju.12307|pmid=24807485|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Cystitis==
{{Main|Cystitis}}
[[Cystitis]] is a [[urinary bladder]] [[inflammation]] that results from any one of a number of distinct syndromes.<ref>{{cite web | last=Frassetto | first=Lynda A | title=Nonbacterial and Noninfectious Cystitis: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology | website=Medscape Reference | date=2024-07-18 | url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2056602-overview | access-date=2024-08-10 | archive-date=2012-11-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120232016/http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/440225-overview | url-status=live }}</ref> It is most commonly caused by a [[bacterial infection]] in which case it is referred to as a urinary tract infection.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371306|title=Cystitis&nbsp;— Symptoms and causes|website=Mayo Clinic|access-date=2024-08-10|archive-date=2014-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102055711/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cystitis/DS00285|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Bladder trauma==
Bladder rupture (rupture of bladder, {{ICD10|N|32|4|n|30}}) may occur if the bladder is overfilled and not emptied. This can occur in the case of [[binge drinking|binge drinkers]] who have consumed large quantities of fluids, but are not conscious of the need to urinate due to [[stupor]]. This condition is very rare in women, but does occur. Signs and symptoms include localized pain and [[uraemia]] (poisoning due to reabsorbed waste).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,,2213866,00.html |author=Lucy Atkins |title=A new report says binge drinking has increased to such an extent that cases of 'exploding bladders' are on the rise in the UK. |date=2007-11-20 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2016-12-18 |archive-date=2020-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515105051/https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,,2213866,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Dooldeniya MD, Khafagy R, Mashaly H, Browning AJ, Sundaram SK, Biyani CS |title=Lower abdominal pain in women after binge drinking |journal=BMJ |volume=335 |issue=7627 |pages=992–3 |year=2007  |pmid=17991983 |pmc=2072017 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39247.454005.BE }}</ref>

===Intra- and extraperitoneal rupture===
Bladder rupture is divided into intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal rupture, with the latter encompassing 85% of post-traumatic bladder rupture. Intraperitoneal rupture is both more rare and associated with greater [[morbidity]], requiring surgical repair due to the risk of [[urogenital fistula|non-healing]] and [[gram negative]] [[sepsis]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vaccaro |first1=JP |last2=Brody |first2=JM |title=CT cystography in the evaluation of major bladder trauma. |journal=Radiographics |date=2000 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=1373–81 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se111373 |pmid=10992026 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Simon | first=Leslie V. | last2=Sajjad | first2=Hussain | last3=Lopez | first3=Richard A. | last4=Burns | first4=Bracken | title=Bladder Rupture | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | date=2023-05-22 | pmid=29262195 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470226/ | access-date=2024-08-10}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:UOTW 1 - Ultrasound of the Week 1.webm|Ultrasound showing bladder rupture - Week 1<ref name=UOTW1>{{cite web|title=UOTW #1 - Ultrasound of the Week|url=https://www.ultrasoundoftheweek.com/uotw-1/|website=Ultrasound of the Week|access-date=27 May 2017|date=19 May 2014|archive-date=4 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004225856/https://www.ultrasoundoftheweek.com/uotw-1/|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:UOTW 1 - Ultrasound of the Week 2.webm|Ultrasound showing bladder rupture - Week 2<ref name=UOTW1/>
</gallery>

==Bladder tamponade==
Bladder [[tamponade]] is obstruction of the bladder outlet due to heavy [[blood clot]] formation within it.<ref name=Schmidt2006>[https://books.google.com/books?id=5IAVpCX2eC8C&pg=PT367 Page 352] in: {{cite book |author=Guenter Schmidt |title=Differential diagnosis in ultrasound: a teaching atlas |publisher=Thieme |location=Stuttgart |year=2006 |isbn=3-13-131891-0 }}</ref> It generally requires surgery.<ref name=Schmidt2006/> Such heavy bleeding is usually due to [[bladder cancer]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Miyamae | first1 = K. | last2 = Otsuka | first2 = T. | last3 = Otsuka | first3 = Y. | last4 = Nagayoshi | first4 = M. | last5 = Hamada | first5 = Y. | title = Clinical study of bladder tamponade resulting from clots of blood | journal = Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. The Japanese Journal of Urology | volume = 97 | issue = 5 | pages = 743–747 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16898598 | doi=10.5980/jpnjurol1989.97.743| doi-access = free }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Underactive bladder]]
*[[Overactive bladder]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/topics/bladder.asp
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Vesical Diseases |volume= XXIV  | page=188 |short=1 }}

{{Urinary tract disease}}
{{Medical resources
|   DiseasesDB     = 
|   ICD10          = {{ICD10|N|30||n|30}}-{{ICD10|N|33||n|30}}, {{ICD10|Q|64|0|q|60}}-{{ICD10|Q|64|1|q|60}}
|   ICD9           = {{ICD9|595}}-{{ICD9|596}}, {{ICD9|752.61}}-{{ICD9|752.62}}
|   ICDO           = 
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|   MeshID         = D001745
}}
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[[Category:Urinary bladder disorders|*]]