View source for Unicycle

{{Short description|One-wheeled mode of transportation}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2021}}

A '''unicycle''', also '''monocycle''' is a [[vehicle]] that touches the ground with only one [[wheel]]. The most common variation has a [[bicycle frame|frame]] with a [[bicycle saddle|saddle]], and has a [[human-powered vehicle|pedal-driven]] [[direct-drive mechanism|direct-drive]]. A two speed hub is commercially available for faster unicycling. Unicycling is practiced professionally in [[circus]]es, by [[street performance|street performers]], in [[festivals]], and as a [[hobby]]. Unicycles have also been used to create new [[sport]]s such as [[unicycle basketball]] and [[unicycle hockey]]. In recent years, unicycles have also been used in [[mountain unicycling]], an activity similar to [[mountain biking]] or [[Mountain bike trials|trials]].
[[File:Jamesunicycle.jpg|thumb|A unicycle]]

==History==
[[File:AUG. GOUGETT The Champion Monocyclist of the World, AFF2557.jpg|thumb|Advertisement for Auguste Gougett, a French unicycle performer, circa 1890.]]

US [[patent]]s for single-wheeled 'velocipedes' were published in 1869 by Frederick Myers<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.google.us/patents/US87355
| title = US 87355 A
| date = March 2, 1869
| access-date = 2015-03-29}}</ref> and in 1881 by Battista Scuri.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.google.us/patents/US242161
| title = US 242161 A
| date = May 31, 1881
| access-date = 2015-03-29}}</ref>

Unicycle design has developed since the [[penny-farthing]] and later the advent of the first unicycle into many variations including: the seatless unicycle ("[[ultimate wheel]]") the tall ("giraffe") unicycle and "2-wheelers" or "3-wheelers" (multiple wheels stacked directly on top of each other).{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} During the late 1980s some extreme [[sportsmen]] took an interest in the unicycle and modified unicycles to enable them to engage in off-road or [[mountain unicycling]], [[trials unicycling]] and [[street unicycling]].

==Unicycles compared to other pedal powered vehicles==
[[Bicycles]], [[tricycles]] and [[quadracycles]] share (with minor variations) several basic parts including wheels, pedals, cranks, forks, and the saddle with unicycles.
Without a rider, unicycles lack stability – however, a proficient unicyclist is usually more stable than a similarly proficient rider on a bicycle as the wheel is not constrained by the linear axis of a frame.
Unicycles usually, but not always, lack brakes, gears, and the ability to [[freewheel]]. Given these differences, the injuries that can occur from unicycle use tend to be different from that of bicycle use. In particular, head injuries are significantly less likely among unicycle use compared to bicycle use.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Marvin L.|date=October 2013|title=Unicycle injuries in the United States|journal=The Journal of Emergency Medicine|volume=45|issue=4|pages=502–507|doi=10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.05.024|issn=0736-4679|pmid=23871477}}</ref>

==Construction==
[[File:Unicycle Hub.JPG|thumb|A unicycle hub]]
Unicycles have a few key parts:

* The [[wheel]] (which includes the [[Bicycle tire|tire]], tube, rim, spokes, hub and axle)
* The [[Crankset|cranks]] (which attach the pedals to the wheel hub)
* The hub (connects the spokes to a central point and also transfers pedaling power to the wheel)
* [[Bicycle pedal|Pedals]]
* [[Bicycle fork|Fork]]-style frame
* [[Seatpost]]
* [[Bicycle saddle|Saddle]] (the seat of the unicycle)

The wheel is usually similar to a [[bicycle wheel]] with a special hub designed so the axle is a fixed part of the hub. This means the rotation of the cranks directly controls the rotation of the wheel (called [[direct-drive mechanism|direct-drive]]). The frame sits on top of the axle bearings, while the cranks attach to the ends of the axle, and the seatpost slides into the frame to allow the saddle to be height adjusted.

==Types of unicycles==
[[File:Mountain unicycles 1448609405 be860b9a3d.jpg|thumb|upright|Off-road unicycles]]
[[File:Trial Unicycle.JPG|thumb|Trial unicycle]]

Types of unicycle include:

* [[#Freestyle unicycles|Freestyle unicycles]]
* [[unicycle trials|Trials unicycles]]
* [[mountain unicycling|Mountain unicycles]] (also called Munis)
* Giraffe unicycles
* Commuter unicycles
* Street unicycles
* Cruiser unicycles
* Road unicycles

Each type has many combinations of frame strength, wheel diameter, and crank length.

===Freestyle unicycles===
Generally used for flatland skills and freestyle routines, freestyle unicycles typically have a relatively high seatpost, a narrow saddle, and a squared fork (used for one-footed tricks). These unicycles are used similarly to flatland bicycles. Wheel size is usually {{convert|20|in|mm}}, but smaller riders may use {{convert|16|or|12|in|mm|adj=on}} unicycles. Some people prefer {{convert|24|in|mm|adj=on}} wheels. Many freestyle unicyclists will use white tires to avoid tire marks when riding indoors.

===Trials unicycles===
Designed for [[unicycle trials]], these unicycles are stronger than standard unicycles in order to withstand the stresses caused by jumping, dropping, and supporting the weight of the unicycle and rider on components such as the pedals and cranks. Many trials unicycles also have wide, {{convert|19|or|20|in|mm|abbr=off|adj=on}} knobby tires to absorb some of the impact on drops.

===Mountain unicycles ("MUnis")===
[[File:Einrad mit Scheibenbremse.jpg|thumb|Muni with disc brake]]

[[Mountain unicycling]] (abbreviated to muni or MUni) consists of riding specialized unicycles on mountain bike trails or otherwise off-roading. Mountain unicycles have thicker, wider tires for better traction. Riders may occasionally lower air pressure for increased shock absorption. Many riders choose to use long cranks to increase power when riding up hills and over rough terrain. A disc brake is sometimes used for descents; the brake handle is attached to the underside of the handle on the front of the saddle.

===Touring/commuter unicycles===
[[File:36"Einrad.JPG|thumb|{{convert|36|in|mm|adj=on}} unicycle with Schlumpf gear]]
Used for long distances, these unicycles are specially made to cover distances. They have a large wheel diameter, between {{convert|26|and|36|in|mm|abbr=on}}, so more distance is covered in less pedal rotation. A {{convert|36|in|mm|adj=on}} unicycle made by the [[Coker Tire]] company started the big wheel trend.<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://blog.coker.com/index.php/2008/01/11/to-coker-is-a-verb-with-one-wheel-and-tire-on-it/#more-151
 |title        = "To Coker" is a verb with one wheel and tire on it!
 |access-date  = 2008-05-13
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080316010236/http://blog.coker.com/index.php/2008/01/11/to-coker-is-a-verb-with-one-wheel-and-tire-on-it/#more-151
 |archive-date = 2008-03-16
}}</ref> Some variations on the traditional touring unicycle include the [[Schlumpf Drive|Schlumpf]] "GUni" (geared unicycle), which uses a two-speed internal fixed-geared hub. Larger direct-drive wheels tend to have shorter cranks to allow for easier cadence and more speed. Geared wheels, with an effective diameter larger than the wheel itself, tend to use longer cranks to increase torque as they are not required to achieve such high cadences as direct-drive wheels, but demand greater force per pedal stroke.

=== Other variations ===
[[File:Edinburgh Festival 2008 -unicycle-8.jpg|thumb|upright|Giraffe unicycle]]
[[File:MalteKnapp.jpg|thumb|upright|Multi-wheeled unicycle performed by Swedish stunt artist Malte Knapp at [[Circus Circus Las Vegas]] in 2007]]
* Giraffe, a chain-driven unicycle. Use of a chain or multiple wheels in a gear-like configuration can make the unicycle much taller than standard unicycles (note that multi-wheel unicycles can be described as ''giraffes'').<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.unicycling.com/garage/multi.htm
|title=Multi Wheeled Unicycles|last=Foss|first=John|access-date=2012-06-26}}</ref> Standard unicycles don't have a chain, which limits the seat height based on how long the rider's legs are, because there the crank is attached directly to the wheel axle. Giraffe unicycles can range in heights from {{convert|3|to|10|ft|m|abbr=in|order=flip}}.
* Geared unicycle, or GUni, a unicycle whose wheel rotates faster than the pedal [[cadence (cycling)|cadence]]. They are used for distance riding and racing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unicycle.uk.com/unicycle-spares/hubs-bearings/kris-holm-schlumpf-geared-unicycle-hub.html|title=Schlumpf Geared Unicycle Hub|last=Holm|first=Kris|author2=Schlumpf|access-date=2012-06-26|archive-date=2012-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130203052/http://www.unicycle.uk.com/unicycle-spares/hubs-bearings/kris-holm-schlumpf-geared-unicycle-hub.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Multi-wheeled unicycle, a unicycle with more than one wheel, stacked on top of each other so that only one wheel touches the ground (nicknamed ''stacks''). The wheels are linked together by [[bicycle chain|chain]]s or direct contact with each other.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unicycling.com/garage/multi.htm|title=Multi Wheeled Unicycles}}</ref> These unicycles can also be called ''giraffes''.
* Kangaroo unicycle, a unicycle that has both the cranks facing in the same direction. They are so named due to the hopping motion of the rider's legs, supposedly resembling the jumping of a [[kangaroo]].
* Eccentric unicycle, a unicycle that has the hub off-center in the wheel. Putting an eccentric wheel on a kangaroo unicycle can make riding easier, and the rider's motion appear more kangaroo-like.
* Ultimate wheel, a unicycle with no frame or seat, just a wheel and pedals.
* Impossible wheel, or BC wheel, a wheel with pegs or metal plates connected to the axle for the rider to stand on.<ref>{{cite news| title = Have Wheel, Will Travel| first = David K. | last = Randall| newspaper = [[New York Times]]| date = July 3, 2007| quote = a BC wheel, which is essentially a unicycle without a seat or pedals.| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/03/nyregion/03ink.html| accessdate = 2012-02-29}}</ref> These wheels are for coasting and jumping. A purist form of unicycle, without cranks.
* [[Monocycle]], or monowheel, a large wheel inside which the rider sits (as in a [[hamster wheel]]), either motorized or pedal-powered. The greater [[gyroscope|gyroscopic]] properties and lower [[center of mass]] make it easier to balance than a normal unicycle but less maneuverable.
* [[Self-balancing unicycle]] or [[electric unicycle]], a computer-controlled, motor-driven, self-balancing unicycle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gizmag.com/go/2350/|title=Embrio One-Wheel Concept|date=4 June 2004}}</ref>
* Freewheeling unicycle, a unicycle in which the hub has a [[freewheel]] mechanism, allowing the rider, to coast or move forward without pedaling, as a common bicycle does. These unicycles almost always have [[brake]]s because they cannot stop the way traditional unicycles do. The [[Brake lever#Brake levers|brake lever]] is generally mounted in the bottom of the [[saddle]]. These unicycles also cannot go backwards.
* Tandem<ref name="Archived copy">{{cite web |url=http://www.unicycling.org/btdt/unique.html |title=Been there. Done that. - Unique Unicycles |access-date=2009-06-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417232758/http://www.unicycling.org/btdt/unique.html |archive-date=2009-04-17 }}</ref>
* Recumbent<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unicycling.com/garage/recumben.htm|title=Recumbent Unicycle}}</ref>
* Hydraulic giraffe that can change in height while being ridden<ref name="Archived copy"/>

==Training aids==
Training aids are sometimes used to make it easier to become comfortable with riding a unicycle. One method for training is using a spotter to make riding easier. Another method is finding a narrow hallway that can be used to help alleviate left and right balancing while allowing a beginner to focus on forward and backward balance. Equally, riding back and forth between two chairs, faced back to back, while holding on to the chair backs allows the user to gauge how to appropriately position oneself before setting off. Using props such as sticks or [[ski poles]] is generally discouraged as they hinder balance and create dependence. A fall onto props could also cause serious injury.<ref>{{cite book
| title = The unicycle book
| last = Wiley
| first = Jack
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Pennsylvania
| year = 1973
| isbn = 0-8117-0416-5
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/completebookofbu00doer
}}</ref>

[[File:Freestyle unicycling 4785234885 4ec8ea2e22 z.jpg|thumb|upright|Freestyle]]

==Riding styles==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}
[[File:Riegel sbcc 2005.JPG|thumb|upright|Jess Riegel ''grinds'' a rail, a street unicycling skill]]
[[File:Five Boro Bike Tour unicycle.jpg|thumb|Commuting-style riding on a 36er at the [[Five Boro Bike Tour]]]]

Traditionally, unicycling has been seen as a [[circus skills|circus skill]] which has been performed at events to entertain the public in the [[circus]] or during parades, [[carnivals]] or [[street festivals]]. Recent developments in the strength and durability of bicycle (and consequently unicycle) parts have given rise to many new activities including trials of unicycling and mountain unicycling. Unicycling is arguably{{weasel inline|date=September 2021}} now as much a competitive sport and recreational pursuit as an entertainment activity.

The principal types of unicycling are:

; Freestyle: Perhaps the oldest form of unicycling, traditional freestyle riding is based on performance. Freestyle tricks and moves are derived from different ways of riding the unicycle, and linking these moves together into one long flowing line that is aesthetically pleasing. Competitions look very similar to figure skating, with riders performing routines to music.

; Comedy: Along with freestyle it is a performance style of unicycling. Often employed by [[clowns]] and other circus skills performers. Comedy unicycling exaggerates the perceived difficulty of riding a unicycle to create a comedic performance.

; [[Trials unicycling]]: Trials unicycling is specifically aimed at negotiating obstacles. Analogous to trials bike riding.

; [[Street unicycling]]: Street unicycling as a style involves riders using a combination of objects found in urbanized settings (such as ledges, handrails, and stairs) to perform a wide variety of tricks. Many tricks are similar to those performed in other extreme sports, such as BMX and skateboarding.

; Off-road or [[mountain unicycling]] (abbreviated to 'MUni'): MUni is riding on rough terrain and has developed as a form of unicycling in recent years.

; Touring or commuting: This style concentrates on distance riding. With a {{convert|29|or|36|in|mm|abbr=off|adj=on}} wheel cruising speeds of {{convert|10|to|15|mph|km/h|abbr=on|order=flip}} or more can easily be reached.

; [[Flatland unicycling]]: This style of unicycling is similar to freestyle in that various tricks and movements are performed on flat ground. Flatland, however, does not have the performance element of freestyle, but instead has tricks that are similar to those in BMX and skateboarding.

==Unicycle team sports==
Unicycling is also performed as a team sport.

===Unicycle basketball===
Unicycle basketball uses a regulation basketball on a regular basketball court with almost the same rules, e.g., one must dribble the ball while riding. There are a number of rules that are particular to unicycle basketball as well, e.g., a player must be mounted on the unicycle when in-bounding the ball. Unicycle basketball is usually played using 24-inch (up to 640mm) or smaller unicycles, and using plastic pedals, both to preserve the court and the players' shins. In North America, regular unicycle basketball games are organized in Berkeley,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Revolution! |url=https://berkeleyrevolution.com/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=Berkeley Revolution Unicycle Basketball |language=en-US}}</ref> San Luis Obispo,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burrus |first=Emmy |date=2024-03-06 |title=Unicycle club rolls around campus |url=https://kcpr.org/unicycle-club-rolls-around-campus/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=KCPR |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lanham |first=Camillia |title=Feature: The Cal Poly Unicycle Club builds community, skills, and a passion for all things on one-wheel |url=https://www.newtimesslo.com/special-issues/the-cal-poly-unicycle-club-builds-community-skills-and-a-passion-for-all-things-on-one-wheel-16959422 |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=New Times San Luis Obispo |language=en}}</ref> Newbury (OH).<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Helen Unicycle Drill Team |url=https://www.sthelenunicycle.org/home |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=www.sthelenunicycle.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Switzerland,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yann |date=2025-07-16 |title=Tournoi de monobasket de Genève 2025 |url=https://monocycle.info/events/tournoi-de-monobasket-de-geneve-2025/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=Monocycle.info |language=fr-FR}}</ref> France<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=Monocycle.info |url=https://monocycle.info/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=Monocycle.info |language=fr-FR}}</ref> and Puerto Rico have competitive teams. The [[Puerto Rico All Star Unicycling Basketball Team]] has been one of the dominant teams and has won several world championships.

===Unicycle hockey===
{{Main |Unicycle hockey}}
[[File:unicyclehockey.jpg|thumb|Unicycle Hockey]]
Unicycle hockey follows rules similar to [[rink hockey]], using a tennis ball and ice-hockey sticks. Play is mostly non-contact. The sport has active leagues in Germany, Switzerland, Australia and the UK and international tournaments held at least bi-annually. Tournaments in the UK are held by various teams across the country usually in sports halls, but occasionally outside. Each tournament lasts a day and around 8 teams normally compete in a [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] league with the winner being whoever has the most points. If two teams have the same number of points the winner can be decided by goal difference or a penalty shoot-out.

==Notable unicyclists==

===Known as unicyclists===

====Individuals====
* [[Kris Holm]] and [[George Peck (unicyclist)|George Peck]], pioneers in mountain unicycling
* [[Rudy Horn]], a German juggler
* {{ill|Ernest Montego|de}}, a German juggler
* Jiang Yan Jing, Chinese acrobat
* [[Ted Jorgensen]], circus unicyclist, president of the [[Albuquerque Unicycle Club]]
* [[Michael Goudeau]], an American juggler
* [[Skeeter Reece]], an American clown
* [[Amy Shields]], an American freestyle unicyclist
* [[Dustin Kelm]], worldwide variety unicycle performer
* "Wobbling" Wally Watts, round the world unicyclist, April 1976 to October 1978<ref>{{cite web |title=On this day 1976 |url=https://twitter.com/bbcarchive/status/1262020047108575233?lang=en |website=BBC Archive on Twitter |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=He Built a Unicycle THEN Rode it Around The World in the 1970s! [Wobbling Wally Watts] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bv5XkanLuIk | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/bv5XkanLuIk| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|website=YouTube |access-date=19 July 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Edward Pratt|Ed Pratt]], round the world unicyclist, March 2015 to July 2018
*Mike Taylor, World Champion in Unicycle High Jump in 2014, 2016 & 2018<ref>{{Cite web|title=ABOUT|url=https://www.zmiketaylor.com/about|access-date=2021-03-26|website=zmiketaylor|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Unicon « International Unicycling Federation|url=https://unicycling.org/unicon/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=unicycling.org}}</ref>

====Groups====
[[File:Skeeter Reece, American clown.jpg|thumb|[[Skeeter Reece]], former member of the [[The King Charles Troupe|King Charles Troupe]], performs in 1983]]
* [[Albuquerque Unicycle Club]] world's first [[unicycle hockey]] club
* [[The King Charles Troupe]], the first African American circus troupe, and one of the longest running acts in [[Ringling Bros]] history<ref>{{cite news|journal=The Wendy Williams Show|title=Wendy's Shameless Surprise Stunt: The King Charles Unicycle Troupe|date=November 11, 2011|url=http://www.wendyshow.com/2011/11/11/king-charles-unicycle-troupe/|access-date=2013-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110103447/http://www.wendyshow.com/2011/11/11/king-charles-unicycle-troupe/|archive-date=2014-01-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ringling.com/ContentPage.aspx?id=46888&parentID=1409&assetFolderID=1428|title=Built to Amaze: King Charles Troupe|journal=Ringling Brothers & Barnes & Bailey|access-date=29 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002035224/http://www.ringling.com/ContentPage.aspx?id=46888&parentID=1409&assetFolderID=1428|archive-date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|journal=Blue Moon Talen|title=King Charles Troupe: Unicycle Basketball Troupe|url=http://www.bluemoontalent.com/unicycle-basketball-va-139.php|access-date=29 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://lisatolliver.blogspot.com/2006/04/april-26-lisa-tolliver-show-features.html|journal=Lisa Tolliver Show|date=April 24, 2006|title=April 26 "Lisa Tolliver Show" features Ray Aydelott, Joe Franklin and David Reid }}</ref>

===Known in other fields===
* [[Adam Carolla]], American comedian and actor<ref name="Hollywood Gossip">[http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2008/04/dancing-with-the-stars-eliminates-adam-carolla/ 'Dancing With The Stars Eliminates Adam Carolla']</ref>
* [[Rupert Grint]], actor who played [[Ronald Weasley]] in the [[Harry Potter (film series)|''Harry Potter'' films]]<ref>[http://extratv.com/2009/07/15/9-fun-facts-about-rupert-grint/#8_secret_talent ''ohne Autor'' (15 July 2009): 9 Fun Facts about Rupert Grint!] ''Extra TV'' (retrieved 16 November 2015)</ref>
* [[Mark Ruffalo]], actor <ref>[https://youtube.com/watch?v=fCGhQMlrJE4] Mark Ruffalo unicycles on the Graham Norton show</ref>
* [[Mika Häkkinen]], [[Formula One]] racing driver<ref name="ESPNF1">[http://en.espnf1.com/lotus/motorsport/driver/1142.html 'Mika Häkkinen bio']</ref>
* [[Lewis Hamilton]], [[Formula One]] racing driver<ref name=Guardian>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/mar/15/lewis-hamilton-nico-rosberg-rivalry-mercedes Lewis Hamilton relishing reunion with old unicycle rival Nico Rosberg], [[The Guardian|Guardian]], 15 March 2013</ref>
* [[Eddie Izzard]], comedian and actor<ref name="BBC bio">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/profiles/eddie_izzard.shtml 'Eddie Izzard']</ref>
* [[Leslie Mann]], American actress who performed on ''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]''<ref>[http://www.oprah.com/spirit/Leslie-Mann-Interview-Leslie-Mann-ParaNorman Stephanie Palumbo (September 2012). How Leslie Mann Lives Her Best Life. The star of the new animated film ParaNorman talks about her love of unicycles, her kids, and all things supernatural.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417161428/http://www.oprah.com/spirit/leslie-mann-interview-leslie-mann-paranorman |date=2019-04-17 }} ''[[O, The Oprah Magazine]]'' (retrieved 17 November 2014)</ref>
* [[Chris Martin]], lead singer of [[Coldplay]]<ref name="MTV">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111020194717/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1672803/coldplay-paradise-video.jhtml 'Chris Martin Rides Unicycles']</ref>
* [[Demetri Martin]], American comedian and actor<ref>[http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2011/04/demetri-martin-qa Eric Spitznagel (7 April 2011). Demetri Martin on Twitter Battles, Kurt Vonnegut Asterisks, and Unicycle Regret.] ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] online'' (retrieved 16 November 2014)</ref>
* [[Ulrich Mühe]], late German actor, best known for his role in [[The Lives of Others]]<ref name="Ulrich Mühe">{{Cite web|url=http://www1.wdr.de/themen/archiv/stichtag/stichtag6786.html|title = 22. Juli 2007 – Todestag des Schauspielers Ulrich Mühe|date = 22 July 2012}}</ref>
* [[Michael Nesmith]], former guitarist of [[The Monkees]]<ref>[http://www.auburnjournal.com/article/jess-riegel-makes-documentary-about-unicycle-world-championships Paul Cambra (7 February 2013). Jess Riegel makes documentary about Unicycle World Championships. 'Unicon 16 Brixen' available at three Auburn bike shops.] ''[[Auburn Journal]]'' (retrieved 16 November 2014)</ref>
* [[Miles Plumlee]], American professional basketball player<ref name="Riding at a Duke game">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvAP3KGYBpQ 'Miles Plumlee Rides a Unicycle at Duke basketball game']</ref>
* [[Nico Rosberg]], [[Formula One]] racing driver<ref name=Guardian/>
* [[Donald Rumsfeld]], former [[United States Secretary of Defense]]<ref name="Huffington Post">[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/19/donald-rumsfeld-unicycle_n_687431.html 'Donald Rumsfeld On A Unicycle']</ref>
* [[Claude Shannon]], founder of [[information theory]]<ref name="OSP Magazine">[http://www.ospmag.com/issue/article/042009-Stoffels 'Claude Shannon obituary'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022002602/http://www.ospmag.com/issue/article/042009-Stoffels |date=2012-10-22 }}</ref>
* [[Take That]] members [[Mark Owen]], [[Jason Orange]], and [[Howard Donald]]<!--NOT [[Gary Barlow]], according to the interview--> unicycled for the circus-based video for their song "[[Said It All]]"<ref name="BBC video">{{YouTube|NEl9Pw41XUg|'Take That Unicycle (BBC)'}}</ref>
* [[Andrew Tosh]], son of Peter and also a Jamaican reggae musician<ref name="Babylon By Bike">[http://intelligentdiplomat.free.fr/articles/article21.html Babylon By Bike]
[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-04-07-ca-1400-story.html Don Snowden (7 April 1988). Andrew Tosh Shoulders Reggae Legacy.] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (retrieved 16 November 2014)</ref>
* [[Peter Tosh]]: Jamaican reggae musician from [[Bob Marley and The Wailers|The Wailers]]<ref name="Babylon By Bike"/><ref name="New York Times">[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/books/review/Dreisinger-t.html 'Hope You Like Jamming Too (Review of Peter Tosh biography)]</ref>
* [[Steve Young]], former [[National Football League]] quarterback<ref name="Joan Ryan">[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=20000703&id=qudPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mggEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6639,1209224 'Quarterback always called right plays']</ref>
* [[Ilya Zhitomirskiy]]: Russian-American [[software developer]] and [[entrepreneur]]<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/16/technology/ilya-zhitomirskiy-co-founder-of-social-network-dies-at-22.html Paul Vitello (15 November 2011). Ilya Zhitomirskiy Dies at 22; Co-Founded Social Network.] ''[[New York Times]]'' (retrieved 16 November 2014)</ref>

==UNICON and regional championships==
[[File:Start 100K race, unicon 16 in Brixen 2012.jpg|thumb|Start of the {{convert|100|km|adj=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} race at the UNICON 16 in [[Brixen]] in 2012]]

UNICON, Eurocycle and APUC are regular international unicycling conventions.

The [[wiktionary:Biennial|biennial]] [[UNICON]] (International Unicycling Convention), sanctioned by the [[International Unicycling Federation]], comprises all major unicycling disciplines and is a major event on the international unicycling calendar. Events include: artistic (group, pairs, individual, standard skill,<ref>[http://www.unicyclist.org/cont/standard.cfm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509092901/http://www.unicyclist.org/cont/standard.cfm|date=2008-05-09}}</ref> open-X), track racing ({{convert|100|m|yd|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}}, {{convert|400|m|yd|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}}, {{convert|800|m|yd|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}}, {{convert|30|m|yd|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} walk the wheel, {{convert|50|m|yd|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} one-foot), IUF slalom, {{convert|10|km|abbr=in|frac=4}}, marathon ({{convert|42.195|km|abbr=in|disp=or|frac=4}}), [[mountain unicycling|muni]] (cross-country, uphill, downhill, North Shore downhill), trials, basketball and hockey.<ref>[http://www.unicycling.org/iuf/ International Unicycling Federation<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

The [[Eurocycle]] (EUROpean uniCYCLE meeting) is a similar convention but based in Europe.

'''[[Asia-Pacific Unicycle Competition|APUC]]''', the Asia Pacific Unicycle Championships, are held biannually, alternately with Unicon. The first APUC, in 2007, was in Singapore. Subsequently, the event has been held in Hong Kong (2009), Seoul (2011), Canberra (2013), and Singapore (2015).

EUC, the Extreme Unicycle Championship, is the convention for urban unicycling (Street, Trials and Flatland). The event is held in two editions: summer and winter. Winter EUC is usually held at Cologne, Germany, while locations of the summer edition vary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Extreme Unicycling Championship|url=https://camponthecrank.com/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=camponthecrank.com}}</ref>

NAUCC, The North American Unicycle Competition and Convention<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unicycling Society of America - NAUCC |url=https://uniusa.org/NAUCC |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=uniusa.org}}</ref> is the annual gathering of North American unicyclists. Unicyclists of all ages join together for competitions in a variety of disciplines, including freestyle, muni (mountain unicycling), road racing, team events, track, and urban. Topping off the week are convention events, including workshops and the Unicycling Society of America annual meeting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NAUCC 2025 |url=https://www.unicyclenationals.com/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=www.unicyclenationals.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Races ==
[[File:Unicycle Race 2013.webm|thumb|Unicycle Race 2013]]
The world's first multi-stage unicycle race, [[Ride the Lobster]], took place in [[Nova Scotia]] in June 2008. Some 35 teams from 14 countries competed over a total distance of {{convert|800|km|abbr=in}}.<ref>[http://www.ridethelobster.com/race/riders.php Ride the Lobster] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726165700/http://www.ridethelobster.com/race/riders.php |date=2008-07-26 }}</ref> Each team consisted of a maximum of 3 riders and 1 support person.

Unicross, or unicycle [[cyclocross]] is an emerging race format in which unicycles race over a cyclocross course.

==Manufacturers==
Unicycle makers include:
* [[Coker Tire#Bicycles and unicycles|Coker]]
* [[Impact Unicycles]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Unicycle.com |url=https://www.unicycle.com/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=www.unicycle.com}}</ref>
* [[Kris Holm|Kris Holm Unicycles]]
* [[Mad4One]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mad4One.Com !, Unicycle Manufacturers |url=https://www.mad4one.com/gb/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=www.mad4one.com}}</ref>
* [[Miyata (bicycle)|Miyata]]
* [[Nimbus Unicycles]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Torker]] (formerly)
* [[Unicycle.com]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Schwinn]]
* [[Qu-Ax]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=QU-AX |url=https://qu-ax.de/catalog/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=QU-AX |language=de}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics]]
* [[Monowheel]]
* [[Self-balancing unicycle]]
* [[Uniracers]]
* Wheel Gym

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{wikibooks}}
{{Commons category|Unicycles}}
* [http://www.unicycling.org/ International Unicycling Federation]

{{Cycling}}
{{Human-powered vehicles}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cycle types]]
[[Category:Unicycling| ]]
[[Category:Physical activity and dexterity toys]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]