View source for Ultra high frequency

{{redirect|UHF}}
{{Short description|Electromagnetic spectrum 300–3000 MHz}}

{{MWband
| name = Ultra high frequency (ITU)
| freq = 300 [[Hertz|MHz]] to 3 [[Hertz|GHz]]
| wave = 1 [[Meter|m]] to 1 [[Decimetre|dm]]
| bands = {{startplainlist|class=nowrap}}
* [[B band (NATO)|B]]{{\}}[[C band (NATO)|C]]{{\}}[[D band (NATO)|D]]{{\}}[[E band (NATO)|E band]]s (NATO)
* UHF and [[L band#IEEE L band|L]]{{\}}[[S band]]s (IEEE)
{{endplainlist}}
| name2 = Ultra high frequency (IEEE)
| freq2 = 300 MHz to 1 GHz
| wave2 = 1 m to 3 dm
| bands2 = {{startplainlist|class=nowrap}}
* UHF (ITU)
* [[B band|B]]{{\}}[[C band (NATO)|C band]]s (NATO)
{{endplainlist}}
}}

'''Ultra high frequency''' ('''UHF''') is the [[ITU]] designation<ref name="1037B">{{cite book | title = US Federal Standard 1037B: Telecommunications, Glossary of Telecommunications Terms | publisher = Office of Technology Standards, General Services Administration | date = 3 June 1991 | pages = S-18 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zYLXU4fkD34C&pg=RA15-PA18}}</ref><ref name="itu-2015-acts">{{cite conference |date=2015 |title=Final Acts WRC-15 |url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/act/R-ACT-WRC.12-2015-PDF-E.pdf |conference=World Radiocommunication Conference |location=Geneva, Switzerland |publisher=International Telecommunications Union |pages = 4|access-date=2025-01-12}}</ref> for [[radio frequency|radio frequencies]] in the range between 300&nbsp;[[megahertz]] (MHz) and 3&nbsp;[[gigahertz]] (GHz), also known as the '''decimetre band''' as the wavelengths range from one meter to one tenth of a meter (one [[decimetre]]). Radio waves with frequencies above the UHF band fall into the [[super-high frequency]] (SHF) or [[microwave]] frequency range. Lower frequency signals fall into the VHF ([[very high frequency]]) or lower bands. UHF radio waves propagate mainly by [[Line-of-sight propagation|line of sight]]; they are blocked by hills and large buildings although the transmission through building walls is strong enough for indoor reception. They are used for [[UHF television broadcasting|television broadcasting]], [[cell phones]], satellite communication including [[GPS]], [[personal radio service]]s including [[Wi-Fi]] and [[Bluetooth]], [[walkie-talkie]]s, [[cordless phone]]s, [[satellite phone]]s, and numerous other applications.

The [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]] defines the UHF [[Radio spectrum#IEEE|radar band]] as frequencies between 300&nbsp;MHz and 1&nbsp;GHz.<ref name=ieee>{{cite web|url=https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/521/768/|title=IEEE 521-2002 - IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands|website=[[IEEE]]|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref> Two other IEEE radar bands overlap the ITU UHF band: the [[L band]] between 1 and 2&nbsp;GHz and the [[S band]] between 2 and 4&nbsp;GHz.

[[File:UHF TV Antenna 001.JPG|thumb|UHF [[television antenna]] on a residence. This type of antenna, called a [[Yagi–Uda antenna]], is widely used at UHF frequencies.]]

== Propagation characteristics ==
{{Main article|Radio propagation}}

Radio waves in the UHF band travel almost entirely by [[line-of-sight propagation]] (LOS) and ground reflection; unlike in the [[High frequency|HF]] band there is little to no reflection from the [[ionosphere]] ([[skywave]] propagation), or [[ground wave]].<ref name="Seybold">{{cite book
 | last1  = Seybold
 | first1 = John S. 
 | title  = Introduction to RF Propagation
 | publisher = John Wiley and Sons
 | date   = 2005
 | pages  = 55–58
 | url    = https://books.google.com/books?id=4LtmjGNwOPIC&q=cross+polarization+discrimination&pg=PA57
 | isbn   = 0471743682
 }}</ref> UHF radio waves are blocked by hills and cannot travel beyond the horizon, but can penetrate foliage and buildings for indoor reception. Since the [[wavelength]]s of UHF waves are comparable to the size of buildings, trees, vehicles and other common objects, reflection and [[Knife-edge effect|diffraction]] from these objects can cause [[fading]] due to [[multipath propagation]], especially in built-up urban areas. Atmospheric moisture reduces, or [[Attenuation|attenuates]], the strength of UHF signals over long distances, and the attenuation increases with frequency. UHF TV signals are generally more degraded by moisture than lower bands, such as [[Very high frequency|VHF]] TV signals.

As the visual horizon sets the maximum range of UHF transmission to between 30 and 40&nbsp;miles (48 to 64&nbsp;km) or less, depending on local terrain, the same frequency channels can be reused by other users in neighboring geographic areas ([[frequency reuse]]). Radio [[repeater]]s are used to retransmit UHF signals when a distance greater than the line of sight is required.

Occasionally when conditions are right, UHF radio waves can travel long distances by [[tropospheric ducting]] as the atmosphere warms and cools throughout the day.

==Antennas==
{{see also|UHF television broadcasting#UHF vs VHF}}

[[Image:Retevis RT49P GMRS version.jpg|thumb|Retevis [[GMRS]] [[two-way radio]]s operating on 462 and 467&nbsp;MHz in the UHF band, showing the short antennas used]]
[[Image:Corner reflector TV antenna.png|thumb|upright|Corner reflector UHF-TV antenna from 1950s]]
The length of an [[antenna (radio)|antenna]] is related to the length of the radio waves used. Due to the short wavelengths, UHF antennas are conveniently stubby and short; at UHF frequencies a [[monopole antenna|quarter-wave monopole]], the most common [[omnidirectional antenna]] is between 2.5 and 25&nbsp;cm long. UHF wavelengths are short enough that efficient transmitting antennas are small enough to mount on handheld and mobile devices, so these frequencies are used for two-way [[land mobile radio system]]s, such as [[walkie-talkie]]s, [[Two-way radio|two-way radios]] in vehicles, and for portable [[wireless device]]s; [[cordless phone]]s and [[cell phone]]s. Omnidirectional UHF antennas used on mobile devices are usually short [[whip antenna|whips]], sleeve [[dipole antenna|dipoles]], [[rubber ducky antenna]]s or the planar [[inverted F antenna]] (PIFA) used in cellphones. Higher gain omnidirectional UHF antennas can be made of [[collinear antenna array|collinear arrays]] of dipoles and are used for mobile base stations and [[sector antenna|cellular base station antennas]].

The short wavelengths also allow [[directional antenna|high gain antennas]] to be conveniently small. High gain antennas for [[point-to-point (telecommunications)|point-to-point]] communication links and UHF television reception are usually [[Yagi-Uda antenna|Yagi]], [[log periodic antenna|log periodic]], [[corner reflector antenna|corner reflectors]], or [[reflective array antenna]]s. At the top end of the band, [[slot antenna]]s and [[parabolic antenna|parabolic dishes]] become practical. For satellite communication, [[helical antenna|helical]] and [[turnstile antenna]]s are used since satellites typically employ [[circular polarization]] which is not sensitive to the relative orientation of the transmitting and receiving antennas. For television broadcasting specialized vertical radiators that are mostly modifications of the slot antenna or reflective array antenna are used: the slotted cylinder, zig-zag, and panel antennas.

==Applications==

[[UHF television broadcasting]] channels are used for [[digital television]], although much of the former bandwidth has been reallocated to [[land mobile|land mobile radio system]], [[Terrestrial Trunked Radio|trunked radio]] and [[mobile telephone]] use. 

Since at UHF frequencies transmitting antennas are small enough to install on portable devices, the UHF spectrum is used worldwide for land mobile radio systems, [[two-way radio]]s used for voice communication for commercial, industrial, public safety, and military purposes. Examples of [[Personal radio service|personal radio services]] are [[General Mobile Radio Service|GMRS]], [[PMR446]], and [[UHF CB]].  

The most rapidly-expanding use of the band is [[Wi-Fi]] ([[wireless LAN]]) networks in homes, offices, and public places.  Wi-Fi [[IEEE 802.11]] low band operates between 2412 and 2484&nbsp;MHz.  A second widespread use is for [[cellphone]]s, allowing handheld mobile phones be connected to the [[public switched telephone network]] and the [[Internet]].  Current [[3G]] and [[4G]] [[cellular network]]s use UHF, the frequencies varying among different carriers and countries.  [[Satellite phone]]s also use this frequency in the [[L band]] and [[S band]].

== Examples of UHF frequency allocations ==

===Australia===
* 406–406.1&nbsp;MHz: Mobile satellite service<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acma.gov.au/-/media/Spectrum-Engineering/Information/pdf/Radiocommunications-Assignment-and-Licensing-Instruction-RALI-MS22-400-MHz-Plan.pdf|title=400 MHz Plan|website=acma.gov|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404175218/https://www.acma.gov.au/-/media/Spectrum-Engineering/Information/pdf/Radiocommunications-Assignment-and-Licensing-Instruction-RALI-MS22-400-MHz-Plan.pdf|archive-date=April 4, 2019|access-date=November 3, 2019}}</ref>
* 450.4875–451.5125&nbsp;MHz: Fixed point-to-point link
* 457.50625–459.9875&nbsp;MHz: Land mobile service
* 476–477&nbsp;MHz: [[UHF CB|UHF citizens band]] (land mobile service)
* 503–694&nbsp;MHz: [[Australian and New Zealand television frequencies|UHF channels]] for television broadcasting

===Canada===
* 430–450&nbsp;MHz: Amateur radio (70&nbsp;cm band)
* 470–806&nbsp;MHz: [[Terrestrial television]] (with select channels in the 600 and 700&nbsp;MHz bands left vacant)
* 1452–1492&nbsp;MHz: [[Digital Audio Broadcasting]] ([[L band]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.broadcasting-history.ca/digital-audio-broadcasting-dab|title=Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) - History of Canadian Broadcasting|website=Broadcasting-history.ca|access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref>
* Many other frequency assignments for Canada and Mexico are similar to their US counterparts

===France===
* 380-400&nbsp;MHz: [[TETRAPOL|Terrestrial Trunked Radio for Police]]
* 430-440&nbsp;MHz: Amateur radio ([[70-centimeter band|70&nbsp;cm band]])
*446.0–446.2&nbsp;MHz : European unlicensed PMR service, [[PMR446]]
* 470-694&nbsp;MHz: [[Terrestrial television]]

===New Zealand===
* 406.1–420&nbsp;MHz: Land mobile service
* 430–440&nbsp;MHz: [[Amateur radio]] ([[70-centimeter band|70&nbsp;cm band]]) and [[amateur radio satellite]]
* 476–477&nbsp;MHz: [[UHF CB|PRS]] Personal Radio Service (Land mobile service)
* 485–502&nbsp;MHz: Analog and [[Project 25|P25]] emergency services use
* 510–622&nbsp;MHz: [[Terrestrial television]]
* 960–1215&nbsp;MHz: [[Aeronautical radionavigation service|Aeronautical radionavigation]]
* 1240–1300&nbsp;MHz: Amateur radio ([[23-centimeter band|23&nbsp;cm band]])

===United Kingdom===
*380–399.9&nbsp;MHz: [[Terrestrial Trunked Radio]] (TETRA) service for emergency use
*430–440&nbsp;MHz: Amateur radio ([[70-centimeter band|70&nbsp;cm band]])
*446.0–446.2&nbsp;MHz : European unlicensed PMR service, [[PMR446]]
*457–464&nbsp;MHz: Scanning telemetry and telecontrol, assigned mostly to the water, gas, and electricity industries
*606–614&nbsp;MHz: Radio microphones and radio-astronomy
*470–862&nbsp;MHz: Previously used for [[Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom#625 line system|analogue TV channels 21–69]] (until 2012).
**Currently channels 21 to 37 and 39 to 48 are used for [[Freeview (UK)|Freeview]] digital TV.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is 700MHz Clearance? |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/corporate/platform-management/700mhz-clearance |website=Freeview}}</ref> Channels 55 to 56 were previously used by temporary muxes COM7 and COM8, channel 38 was used for radio astronomy but has been cleared to allow [[Programme making and special events|PMSE]] users access on a licensed, shared basis.
**694–790&nbsp;MHz:<ref>{{cite web |title=Decision to make the 700 MHz band available for mobile data - statement |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/46923/700-mhz-statement.pdf |access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> i.e. channels 49 to 60 have been cleared, to allow these channels to be allocated for 5G cellular communication.
**791–862&nbsp;MHz,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/spectrum/spectrum-awards/awards-archive/completed-awards/800mhz-2.6ghz/|title=800 MHz & 2.6 GHz Combined Award|date=May 9, 2012|publisher=The Office of Communications|access-date=2014-11-21}}</ref> i.e. channels 61 to 69 inclusive were previously used for licensed and shared wireless microphones (channel 69 only), has since been allocated to 4G cellular communications.
*863–865&nbsp;MHz: Used for licence-exempt wireless systems.
*863–870&nbsp;MHz: [[Short Range Devices|Short range devices]], [[LPWAN]] [[Internet of things|IoT]] devices such as [[NarrowBand IOT|NarrowBand-IoT]].
*870–960&nbsp;MHz: Cellular communications (GSM900 - Vodafone and O2 only) including GSM-R and future TETRA
*1240–1325&nbsp;MHz: Amateur radio ([[23-centimeter band|23&nbsp;cm band]])
*1710–1880&nbsp;MHz: [[2G]] cellular communications (GSM1800)
*1880–1900&nbsp;MHz: [[Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications|DECT]] [[cordless telephone]]
*1900–1980&nbsp;MHz: [[3G]] cellular communications (mobile phone uplink)
*2110–2170&nbsp;MHz: 3G cellular communications (base station downlink)
*2310–2450&nbsp;MHz: Amateur radio ([[13-centimeter band|13&nbsp;cm band]])

===United States===
UHF channels are used for [[digital television transition in the United States|digital television broadcasting]] on both [[North American broadcast television frequencies|over the air channels]] and [[North American cable television frequencies|cable television channels]]. Since 1962, UHF channel tuners (at the time, channels 14 to 83) have been required in television receivers by the [[All-Channel Receiver Act]]. However, because of their more limited range, and because few sets could receive them until older sets were replaced, UHF channels were less desirable to broadcasters than [[VHF]] channels (and licenses sold for lower prices).

A complete list of US television frequency allocations can be found at [[Pan-American television frequencies]].

There is a considerable amount of lawful unlicensed activity (cordless phones, wireless networking) clustered around 900&nbsp;MHz and 2.4&nbsp;GHz, regulated under [[Title 47 CFR Part 15]]. These [[ISM band]]s—frequencies with a higher unlicensed power permitted for use originally by industrial, scientific and medical apparatus—are now some of the most crowded in the spectrum because they are open to everyone. The 2.45&nbsp;GHz frequency is the standard for use by [[microwave oven]]s, adjacent to the frequencies allocated for [[Bluetooth]] network devices.

The spectrum from 806&nbsp;MHz to 890&nbsp;MHz (UHF channels 70 to 83) was taken away from TV broadcast services in 1983, primarily for [[advanced Mobile Phone System|analog mobile telephony]].

In 2009, as part of the [[Digital television#Switch-off time announced|transition from analog to digital over-the-air broadcast of television]], the spectrum from 698&nbsp;MHz to 806&nbsp;MHz (UHF channels 52 to 69) was removed from TV broadcasting, making it available for other uses. Channel 55, for instance, was sold to [[Qualcomm]] for their [[MediaFLO]] service, which was later sold to [[AT&T]], and discontinued in 2011. Some US broadcasters had been offered incentives to vacate this channel early, permitting its immediate mobile use. The [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]]'s scheduled [[United States 2008 wireless spectrum auction|auction for this newly available spectrum]] was completed in March 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/03/18/going-oncegoing-twicethe-700-mhz-spectrum-is-sold/?ref=technology|title=Going Once…Going Twice…The 700 Mhz Spectrum is Sold|last=Hansell|first=Saul|date=March 18, 2008|website=Bits.blos.nytimes.com|access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref>

*225–420&nbsp;MHz: Government use, including [[meteorology]], military aviation, and federal two-way use<ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/rtnwcm/groups/ncs/documents/content/rtn_ncs_products_arc164_pdf.pdf] {{dead link|date=December 2017}}</ref>
*420–450&nbsp;MHz: Government radiolocation, [[amateur radio satellite]] and [[amateur radio]] ([[70-centimeter band|70&nbsp;cm band]]), [[MedRadio]]<ref name="usfed-users">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ntia.doc.gov/page/federal-government-spectrum-use-reports-225-mhz-7125-ghz |title=Federal Government Spectrum Use Reports 225 MHz – 7.125 GHz |publisher=[[NTIA]] |date=Dec 2015 – Aug 2017 |access-date=October 21, 2019}}</ref>
*450–470&nbsp;MHz: UHF business band, [[General Mobile Radio Service]], and [[Family Radio Service]] 2-way "walkie-talkies", public safety
*470–512&nbsp;MHz: Low-band TV channels 14 to 20 (shared with public safety [[land mobile]] 2-way radio in 12 major metropolitan areas scheduled to relocate to 700&nbsp;MHz band by 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.npstc.org/download.jsp?tableId=37&column=217&id=2678&file=T_Band_Report_20130315.pdf|title=T-Band Report|date=March 15, 2013|website=NPSTC |access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref>)
*512–608&nbsp;MHz: Medium-band TV channels 21 to 36 
*608–614&nbsp;MHz: [[Channel 37]] used for [[radio astronomy]] and wireless medical telemetry<ref>{{Cite web |date= March 8, 2017  |title=Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) |url=https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/broadband-division/wireless-medical-telemetry-service-wmts |access-date=17 December 2017 |website=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>
*614–698&nbsp;MHz: Mobile broadband shared with TV channels 38 to 51 [[2008 United States wireless spectrum auction|auctioned in April 2017]]. TV stations were relocated by 2020.
**617–652&nbsp;MHz: Mobile broadband service downlink
**652–663&nbsp;MHz: Wireless microphones (higher priority) and unlicensed devices (lower priority)
**663–698&nbsp;MHz: Mobile broadband service uplink
*698–806&nbsp;MHz: [[United States 2008 wireless spectrum auction|Was auctioned in March 2008]]; bidders got full use after the transition to [[Digital television|digital TV]] was completed on June 12, 2009 (formerly high-band UHF TV channels 52 to 69) and recently modified in 2021 for [[5G]] UHF transmission bandwidth for 'over the air' channels 2 through 69 (virtual 1 through 36).
*806–816&nbsp;MHz: Public safety and commercial 2-way (formerly TV channels 70 to 72)
*817–824&nbsp;MHz: ESMR band for wideband mobile services (mobile phone) (formerly public safety and commercial 2-way)
*824–849&nbsp;MHz: Cellular A and B franchises, terminal (mobile phone) (formerly TV channels 73 to 77)
*849–851&nbsp;MHz: Commercial aviation air-ground systems
*851–861&nbsp;MHz: Public safety and commercial 2-way (formerly TV channels 77 to 80)
*862–869&nbsp;MHz: ESMR band for wideband mobile services (base station) (formerly public safety and commercial 2-way)
*869–894&nbsp;MHz: Cellular A and B franchises, base station (formerly TV channels 80 to 83)
*894–896&nbsp;MHz: Commercial aviation air-ground systems
*896–901&nbsp;MHz: Commercial 2-way radio
*901–902&nbsp;MHz: Narrowband PCS: commercial narrowband mobile services
*902–928&nbsp;MHz: [[ISM band]], amateur radio ([[33-centimeter band|33&nbsp;cm band]]), cordless phones and stereo, [[radio-frequency identification]], datalinks
*928–929&nbsp;MHz: [[SCADA]], alarm monitoring, meter reading systems and other narrowband services for a company's internal use
*929–930&nbsp;MHz: Pagers
*930–931&nbsp;MHz: Narrowband PCS: commercial narrowband mobile services
*931–932&nbsp;MHz: Pagers
*932–935&nbsp;MHz: Fixed microwave services: distribution of video, audio and other data
*935–940&nbsp;MHz: Commercial 2-way radio
*940–941&nbsp;MHz: Narrowband PCS: commercial narrowband mobile services
*941–960&nbsp;MHz: Mixed studio-transmitter fixed links, [[SCADA]], other.
*960–1215&nbsp;MHz: Aeronautical radionavigation
*1240–1300&nbsp;MHz: Amateur radio ([[23-centimeter band|23&nbsp;cm band]])
*1300–1350&nbsp;MHz: Long range radar systems
*1350–1390&nbsp;MHz: Military air traffic control and mobile telemetry systems at test ranges
*1390–1395&nbsp;MHz: Proposed wireless medical telemetry service. [[TerreStar Corporation|TerreStar]] failed to provide service by the required deadline.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2017/db1010/DA-17-995A1.pdf|title=TerreStar Corporation Request for Temporary Waiver of Substantial Service Requirements for 1.4 GHz Licenses|date=2017-10-10|website=FCC|access-date=2017-10-11}}</ref>
*1395–1400&nbsp;MHz: Wireless medical telemetry service
*1400–1427&nbsp;MHz: Earth exploration, radio astronomy, and space research
*1427–1432&nbsp;MHz: Wireless medical telemetry service
*1432–1435&nbsp;MHz: Proposed wireless medical telemetry service. [[TerreStar Corporation|TerreStar]] failed to provide service by the required deadline.<ref name=":2" />
*1435–1525&nbsp;MHz: Military use mostly for aeronautical mobile telemetry (therefore not available for [[Digital Audio Broadcasting]], unlike Canada/Europe)
*1525–1559&nbsp;MHz: [[SkyTerra|Skyterra]] downlink ([[Ligado Networks|Ligado]] is seeking FCC permission for terrestrial use<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/file/download/1103057126216/Ligado%20Ex%20Parte%20re%20Iridium%20Analysis%20(PUBLIC%2011-2-2016).pdf|title=Ligado Ex Parte re Iridium Analysis (PUBLIC 11-2-2016)|website=Ecfsapi.fcc.gov|access-date=17 December 2017}}{{dead link|date=June 2025}}</ref>)
**1526–1536&nbsp;MHz: proposed Ligado downlink
**1536–1559&nbsp;MHz: proposed guard band
*1559–1610&nbsp;MHz: [[Radionavigation-satellite service|Radio Navigation Satellite Services]] (RNSS) Upper L-band
**1563–1587&nbsp;MHz: [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] L1 band
**1593–1610&nbsp;MHz: [[GLONASS]] G1 band
**1559–1591&nbsp;MHz: [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] E1 band (overlapping with GPS L1<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navipedia.net/index.php/GALILEO_Signal_Plan|title=Galileo Signal Plan|website=Navipedia |access-date=17 December 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223234718/http://www.navipedia.net/index.php/GALILEO_Signal_Plan |archive-date= Dec 23, 2017 }}</ref>)
*1610–1660.5&nbsp;MHz: Mobile Satellite Service
**1610–1618: [[Globalstar]] uplink
**1618–1626.5&nbsp;MHz: [[Iridium satellite constellation|Iridium]] uplink and downlink<ref name=":0" />
**1626.5–1660.5&nbsp;MHz: [[SkyTerra|Skyterra]] uplink ([[Ligado Networks|Ligado]] is seeking FCC permission for terrestrial use<ref name=":0" />)
***1627.5–1637.5&nbsp;MHz: proposed Ligado uplink 1
***1646.5–1656.5&nbsp;MHz: proposed Ligado uplink 2
*1660.5–1668.4&nbsp;MHz: Radio astronomy observations. Transmitting is not permitted.
*1668.4–1670&nbsp;MHz: Radio astronomy observations. Weather balloons may utilize the spectrum after an advance notice.
*1670–1675&nbsp;MHz: [[Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite]] transmissions to three [[Earth station]]s in [[Wallops Island, Virginia]]; [[Greenbelt, Maryland]] and [[Fairbanks, Alaska]]. Nationwide broadband service license in this range is held by a subsidiary of [[Crown Castle International Corp.]] who is trying to provide service in cooperation with [[Ligado Networks]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wireless2.fcc.gov/UlsApp/ApplicationSearch/applAdmin.jsp?applID=9585875#attachments|title=Request for waiver and public interest statement|date=2016-06-04|website=FCC|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref>
*1675–1695&nbsp;MHz: Meteorological federal users
*1695–1780&nbsp;MHz: [[Advanced Wireless Services|AWS]] mobile phone uplink (UL) operating band
**1695–1755&nbsp;MHz: AWS-3 blocks A1 and B1
**1710–1755&nbsp;MHz: AWS-1 blocks A, B, C, D, E, F
**1755–1780&nbsp;MHz: AWS-3 blocks G, H, I, J (various federal agencies transitioning by 2025<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntia.doc.gov/category/aws-3-transition|title=AWS-3 Transition|date=January 29, 2015|website=Ntia.doc.gov|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref>)
*1780–1850&nbsp;MHz: exclusive federal use (Air Force satellite communications, Army's cellular-like communication system, other agencies)
*1850–1920&nbsp;MHz: PCS mobile phone—order is A, D, B, E, F, C, G, H blocks. A, B, C = 15&nbsp;MHz; D, E, F, G, H = 5&nbsp;MHz
*1920–1930&nbsp;MHz: [[Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications|DECT]] [[cordless telephone]]
*1930–2000&nbsp;MHz: PCS base stations—order is A, D, B, E, F, C, G, H blocks. A, B, C = 15&nbsp;MHz; D, E, F, G, H = 5&nbsp;MHz
*2000–2020&nbsp;MHz: lower AWS-4 downlink (mobile broadband)
*2020–2110&nbsp;MHz: Cable antenna relay service, local television transmission service, TV broadcast auxiliary service, Earth exploration satellite service
*2110–2200&nbsp;MHz: [[Advanced Wireless Services|AWS]] mobile broadband downlink
**2110–2155&nbsp;MHz: AWS-1 blocks A, B, C, D, E, F
**2155–2180&nbsp;MHz: AWS-3 blocks G, H, I, J
**2180–2200&nbsp;MHz: upper AWS-4 
*2200–2290&nbsp;MHz: [[NASA]] satellite tracking, telemetry and control (space-to-Earth, space-to-space) 
*2290–2300&nbsp;MHz: [[NASA Deep Space Network]] 
*2300–2305&nbsp;MHz: Amateur radio ([[13-centimeter band|13&nbsp;cm band]], lower segment)
*2305–2315&nbsp;MHz: WCS mobile broadband service uplink blocks A and B
*2315–2320&nbsp;MHz: WCS block C (AT&T is pursuing [[smart grid]] deployment<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/file/download/011844558710/DA-17-78A1.pdf|title=AT&T Mobility Petition for Limited Waiver of Interim Performance Requirement for 2.3 GHz WCS C and D Block Licenses|website=Ecfsapi.fcc.gov|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref>)
*2320–2345&nbsp;MHz: [[Satellite radio]]
*2345–2350&nbsp;MHz: WCS block D (AT&T is pursuing [[smart grid]] deployment<ref name=":1" />)
*2350–2360&nbsp;MHz: WCS mobile broadband service downlink blocks A and B
*2360–2390&nbsp;MHz: Aircraft landing and safety systems
*2390–2395&nbsp;MHz: Aircraft landing and safety systems (secondary deployment in a dozen of airports), amateur radio otherwise
*2395–2400&nbsp;MHz: Amateur radio ([[13-centimeter band|13&nbsp;cm band]], upper segment)
*2400–2483.5&nbsp;MHz: [[ISM band|ISM]], [[IEEE 802.11]], 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n wireless [[LAN]], [[IEEE 802.15.4-2006]], [[Bluetooth]], [[radio-controlled aircraft]] (strictly for [[spread spectrum]] use), [[microwave oven]]s, [[Zigbee]]
*2483.5–2495&nbsp;MHz: [[Globalstar]] downlink and terrestrial low power service suitable for TD-LTE small cells<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalstar.com/Globalstar/media/Globalstar/Downloads/Spectrum/GlobalstarOverviewPresentation.pdf|title=Globalstar Overview|date=2017|website=Globalstar.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802042513/https://www.globalstar.com/en/ir/docs/GlobalstarOverviewPresentation.pdf|archive-date=August 2, 2017|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref>
*2495–2690&nbsp;MHz: Educational broadcast and broadband radio Services<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/broadband-division/broadband-radio-service-education-broadband-service|title=Broadband Radio Service & Education Broadband Service|website=The FCC|date=February 2016 |access-date=2018-06-05}}</ref>
*2690–2700&nbsp;MHz: Receive-only range for radio astronomy and space research

==See also==
*[[Digital Audio Broadcasting]] and its [[regional implementations of DAB|regional implementations]]
*[[Digital terrestrial television]]
*[[The Thing (listening device)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.jneuhaus.com/fccindex/cablech.html U.S. cable television channel frequencies]
*Tomislav Stimac, "''[http://www.vlf.it/frequency/bands.html Definition of frequency bands (VLF, ELF... etc.)]''". IK1QFK Home Page (vlf.it).

{{Radio spectrum}}
{{Electromagnetic spectrum}}
{{Analogue TV transmitter topics}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Audio broadcasting}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Radio spectrum]]
[[Category:Television technology]]
[[Category:Wireless]]