View source for Ulmus changii

{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Ulmus changii leaf.jpg
|genus = Ulmus
|species = changii
|authority = [[Wan Chun Cheng|W. C. Cheng]]
}}

'''''Ulmus changii''''', occasionally known as the '''Hangzhou elm''', is a small [[deciduous]] tree found across much of China in forests at elevations of up to 1800&nbsp;m.<ref name=Fu>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. {{ISBN|1-930723-40-7}} [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref> Owing to its increasing scarcity, ''U. changii'' was added to the [[Hainan]] Province Protected Plants List in 2006. 

==Description==
The tree can reach a height of 20&nbsp;m with a trunk of about 0.9&nbsp;m [[diameter at breast height|d.b.h]]; the bark is dark grey. The leaves are generally [[leaf shape|ovate]], < 11&nbsp;cm  long, glabrescent and smooth when mature.  The wind-pollinated [[apetalous]] flowers are produced on second-year shoots in March - April, the [[Samara (fruit)|samarae]] are almost orbicular, < 35&nbsp;mm in diameter.<ref name=Fu/><ref>{{Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (France) |id=p05539011 }} Sheet labelled ''Ulmus changii'' <small>Chen</small>; fruit and leaves specimen from Jiangxi Province, 1995</ref>
<gallery>
File:GFA U. changii.jpg|''U. changii'' foliage, [[Grange Farm Arboretum]]
</gallery>

==Pests and diseases==
''Ulmus changii'' was found to be among the least suitable elms for feeding and reproduction by the adult elm leaf beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]'' <ref name="Miller, a">{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1= F.|last2= Ware|first2=G.|year=2001|title=Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) to Feeding of the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)|journal=Journal of Economic Entomology|volume=94|issue=1|pages=162–166|doi=10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.162|pmid=11233108|s2cid= 42980569|doi-access=free}}</ref> and highly preferred for feeding by the Japanese beetle ''[[Popillia japonica]]''<ref name="Miller, b">{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=F.|last2=Ware|first2= G.|last3=Jackson|first3= J.|year=2001|title=Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) for the Feeding of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)|journal=Journal of Economic Entomology|volume=94|issue=2|pages=445–448|doi=10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.445|pmid=11332837|s2cid=7520439|doi-access=free}}</ref> in the United States.

==Cultivation==
The species is extremely rare in cultivation beyond China, although in the US the species is rated hardy enough for [[USDA]] [[Hardiness zone|zone]] 5.  There are no known [[cultivar]]s of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce.

==Subspecies & varieties==
Two varieties are recognized: [[Ulmus changii var. changii|var. ''changii'']] <small>L.K.Fu</small>, and [[Ulmus changii var. kunmingensis|var. ''kunmingensis'']] <small>W.C.Cheng</small>.

==Etymology==
The tree is named for [[Siu-Shih Chang|S. S. Chang]], the Chinese botanist who identified the species in 1936.

==Accessions==
;North America
*[[Morton Arboretum]], [[Illinois]], US. Acc. no. 11&nbsp;2008. Cuttings grafted onto [[Ulmus pumila|''U. pumila'']] rootstocks, planted out in 2008.
;Asia
*[[Hangzhou Botanical Garden]] [http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/zhejiang/hangzhou/botanical-garden.htm], [[Hangzhou]], [[Zhejiang]], China. Details not known.
;Europe
*[[Grange Farm Arboretum]], [[Lincolnshire]], UK. Acc. no. 1059. Two trees from cuttings ex. Morton Arboretum on ''U. glabra'' rootstocks.

==Nurseries==
;Europe
*Pan-global Plants [http://www.panglobalplants.com/visiting/], [[Frampton on Severn]], [[Gloucestershire]], UK

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=50117&flora_id=2 efloras.org ''U. changii'' leaves and fruit illustration (figures 1 and 2)]
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006323 efloras.org ''U. changii'' description]
*[http://ppbc.iplant.cn/sp/11534 Photographs labelled ''U. changii'' on Plant Photo Bank of China, ppbc.iplant] 

{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5466742}}

[[Category:Ulmus|changii]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of China]]
[[Category:Trees of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Zhejiang]]
[[Category:Elm species and varieties]]
[[Category:Ulmus articles with images]]
[[Category:Vulnerable flora of Asia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1936]]