View source for Ullevål Hageby Line

{{Short description|Tram line in Oslo, Norway}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name                            = Ullevål Hageby Line
| native_name                     = Ullevål hageby-linjen
| color                           = 
| logo                            = 
| logo_width                      = 
| image                           = Sognsveien.jpg
| caption                         = 
| type                            = [[Tram]]way
| system                          = [[Oslo Tramway]]
| status                          = 
| locale                          = [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]
| start                           = [[Stortorvet (station)|Stortorvet]]
| end                             = [[Rikshospitalet (station)|Rikshospitalet]]
| stations                        = 
| routes                          = {{ric|Trams in Oslo|17}} {{ric|Trams in Oslo|18}} {{ric|Trams in Oslo|19}}
| daily_ridership                 = 
| open                            = 6 October 1875
| close                           = 
| owner                           = [[Kollektivtransportproduksjon]]
| operator                        = [[Oslo Sporvognsdrift]]
| character                       = 
| depot                           = 
| stock                           = [[SL95]]
| linelength                      = 
| tracklength                     = 
| tracks                          = [[Double track|Double]]
| gauge                           = {{RailGauge|sg}}
| electrification                 = 750 V DC
| speed                           = {{convert|50|km/h|mph}}
| elevation                       = 
| map_state                       = 
| map                             = {{Ullevål Hageby Line}}
}}

The '''Ullevål Hageby Line''' ({{langx|no|Ullevål Hageby-linjen}}) is a [[light rail]] section of the [[Oslo Tramway]]. It runs from [[Stortorvet (station)|Stortorvet]] in the city center of [[Oslo]], [[Norway]] to [[Rikshospitalet (station)|Rikshospitalet]]. It passes through the areas of [[St. Hanshaugen]], [[Ullevål Hageby]] and [[Blindern]] before reaching [[Gaustad]]. It serves major institutions such as [[Oslo University College]], [[Bislett Stadion]], [[Ullevål University Hospital]], the [[University of Oslo]] and [[Rikshospitalet]]. The line is served by route 17 and 18 by [[Oslo Sporvognsdrift]] using [[SL95]] trams, while the tracks are owned by [[Kollektivtransportproduksjon]].

The first section, from Stortorvet from Homansbyen, opened in 1875 as a [[horsecar]] line. It was electrified in 1900, and extended to Adamstuen in 1909. In 1925, the line reached Ullevål Hageby. The final extension to Rikshospitalet was opened in 1999, following the move of the hospital. The last section is formally called the '''Gaustad Line''' (''Gaustadlinjen''). North of Adamstuen, the line runs in its own right-of-way, mostly in the center of streets; southwards, it is a street tramway. Transfers to the [[Oslo T-bane]] are possible at [[Forskningsparken station|Forskningsparken]] and Tinghuset/Professor Aschehougs gate.

==History==
[[Image:Homansbylinjen map.jpg|thumb|left|Map of Vestbanen&ndash;Homansbyen, ca. 1900]]
The first section of the Ullevål Hageby Line, from Stortorvet to Homansbyen, was built by [[Kristiania Sporveisselskab]] and opened on 6 October 1875 as a horsecar line. A depot was built at Homansbyen. The line was part of the first system in the city, and connected to the [[Gamleby Line]] on the other side of Stortorvet. Until 19 October there were also some direct services to the [[Oslo Vestbanestasjon|Western Railway Station]] (Vestbanen). The first services had fifteen-minute [[headway]]—increasing to ten minutes from 22 June 1876. There were also some trials of using sleds during winter.<ref>{{Harvnb|Aspenberg|1994|p=6}}</ref>

The line was electrified on 15 January 1900. On 24 September 1909, it was extended from Homansbyen to [[Adamstuen (station)|Adamstuen]].<ref name=nestestopp56>{{Harvnb|Hartmann|Mangset|2001|p=56}}</ref> In 1924, the line, along with the rest of the street tram network, was taken over by the municipal [[Oslo Sporveier]]. On 1 August 1925, the line was extended to [[John Colletts plass (station)|Ullevål Hageby]] (later renamed John Colletts plass).<ref>{{Harvnb|Aspenberg|1994|pp=9–11}}</ref>

===Rikshospitalet extension===
In 1988, the [[Norwegian Parliament]] decided to start the process of moving [[Rikshospitalet]], the National Hospital, from [[Pilestredet]] to [[Gaustad]].<ref name=rikshospitalet>{{cite web |url=http://www.rikshospitalet.no/ikbViewer/page/no/pages/hygiene/om/artikkel?p_doc=403339&p_dim_id=39527 |title=Fra 2001: Det humanistiske sykehus |last=Holen |first=Siv |publisher=[[Rikshospitalet]] |date=16 September 2008 |access-date=20 March 2009 |language=no}}</ref> Following the completion of the architectural plans in 1991, the city planner launched the concept for transport to the new hospital. 50% of the transport was to be by public transport, up from the contemporary 35%, and would require an extension of the Ullevål Hageby Line to the hospital.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rikshospitalet på Gaustad klar til behandling |last=Vatne |first=Paul Einar|author-link=Paul Einar Vatne |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |date=2 December 1991 |page=4 |language=no}}</ref> Specific plans for the extension were launched in April 1992, and were estimated to cost {{NOK|100 million}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ny trikkelinje |last=Wiik |first=Karsten |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |date=24 April 1992 |page=4 |language=no}}</ref>

[[Image:Oslo tram forskningenparken.JPG|thumb|left|[[Forskningsparken (station)|Forskningsparken]]]]
The regulation plan for the hospital, and the go-ahead for the construction of the line, was passed by the city council on 4 May 1994.<ref>{{cite news |title=Driftsstart for å få rivestopp  |last=Bentzrød |first=Sveinung Berg |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |date=5 May 1994 |page=2 |language=no}}</ref> In April 1996, a disagreement between the municipality and the [[Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications|Ministry of Transport]] arose concerning who should be paying for the extension. The state had at the time formally suggested that the bill be split 50–50 between the two, whereas the municipality claimed that the state had promised to pay for the full extension.<ref>{{cite news |title=Staten må selv betale trikken |last=Mørkhagen |first=Pernille Lønne |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |date=10 April 1996 |page=8 |language=no}}</ref> In June, the [[Conservative Party of Norway|Conservative Party]], [[Norwegian Labour Party|Labour Party]] and [[Progress Party (Norway)|Progress Party]] in the city council all voted against municipal grants for the line. The politicians signalled that they instead wanted to look at possibilities of serving the hospital with [[rapid transit]] and bus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Neppe trikk |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |date=18 June 1996 |page=4 |language=no}}</ref> Also the university was opposed to the plans, since the line would split the university campus up, would require trees along an avenue to be removed and would force parking places to be moved.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.uniforum.uio.no/nyheter/1997/uniforum13-97/01.htm |title=Nei til trikk |last=Bertsen |first=Margareth B. |work=Uniforum |year=1997 |access-date=20 March 2009 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724185840/http://www.uniforum.uio.no/nyheter/1997/uniforum13-97/01.htm |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> The city council voted against building the line on 24 September 1997, with the majority arguing that the hospital could be served by the nearby [[Gaustad (station)|Gaustad Station]] on the [[Holmenkoll Line]] and by buses. Three opposition parties, the Labour Party, [[Socialist Left Party (Norway)|Socialist Left Party]] and [[Red Electoral Alliance]], voted in favor of the tram line.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ingen trikk til Rikshospitalet |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |date=25 September 1997 |page=17 |language=no}}</ref>

On 6 February 1998, an agreement was made between the ministry and the city, where the city would fund NOK 31 of 111 million of the investment needed. However, the city would have to pay all budget overrides. In 1996, the work with [[Oslo Package 2]] started. A follow-up on the existing road investment plan [[Oslo Package 1]], it would allow [[toll road|toll fees]] to be used to finance public transport infrastructure in Oslo. While the line was not initially part of the package, it served as a prelude in combining state and municipal grants to public transport investments.<ref>{{cite news |title=Oslo betaler trikk til Rikshospitalet |last=Lundegård |first=Hilde |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |date=6 February 1998 |page=17 |language=no}}</ref> The agreement was approved by parliament on 26 May 1998.<ref>{{cite news |title=Grønt lys for trikk til Rikshospitalet |agency=[[Norwegian News Agency]] |date=26 May 1998 |language=no}}</ref>

[[Image:Trikk John Colletts plass.JPG|thumb|left|[[John Colletts plass (station)|John Colletts plass]]]]
The {{convert|1.6|km|mi}} extension<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.avinet.no/Oslopakke2/database/faktaark_ny.aspx?id=48 |author=Oslo Package 2 |author-link=Oslo Package 2 |title=Rikshospitalet - ny sporvognstrasé |language=no |access-date=19 March 2009}}</ref> was ready for trial runs on 25 May 1999, when a new [[SL95]] tram made a tested. Only the newest tram series can operate on the line, since all the older tram types were only unidirectional.<ref name=sl95only>{{cite news |title=Italia-trikken ferdigtestet På skinner til Rikshospitalet |last=Engh |first=Christine M. |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |date=25 May 1999 |page=12 |language=no}}</ref> Normal operations started on 1 June. After one month, ridership had increased with 20%, and 99% of services were less than three minutes delayed.<ref>{{cite news |title=En sporvei-suksess |last=Welhaven |first=Leif |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |date=9 July 1999 |page=7 |language=no}}</ref> The expansion had four new stations: [[Universitetet Blindern (station)|Universitetet Blindern]], [[Forskningsparken (station)|Forskningsparken]], [[Gaustadalléen (station)|Gaustadalléen]] and [[Rikshospitalet (station)|Rikshospitalet]]. The entire section is built as a light rail, with step-free access to the trams, and the trams having their own corridors in the middle of the road.<ref name=linjekart /> The last station on the old section, [[John Colletts plass (station)|John Colletts plass]], had to be moved, though the [[balloon loop]] has been kept.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plan-og-bygningsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/plan-%20og%20bygningsetaten%20(PBE)/Internett%20(PBE)/Dokumenter/Filer%20utlagte%20saker/Sognsveien_forslagsaksframstilling.pdf |title=Sognsveien ved John Colletts plass |author=City of Oslo, Plan and Building Department |date=16 October 2006 |access-date=20 March 2009 |language=no}}</ref> On 22 August, the T-bane station [[Vestgrensa (station)|Vestgrensa]] was closed, and replaced by one at Forskningsparken. This allows direct transfer from the [[Sognsvann Line]] (and since 2003 the [[Ring Line (Oslo)|Ring Line]]) of the T-bane to the Ullevål Hageby Line.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ruter.no/Miljo-og-kultur/Stasjoner/T-banestasjonene-i-vest/ |title=T-banestasjonene i vest |author=Ruter |author-link=Ruter |date=11 March 2008 |access-date=18 March 2009 |language=no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615211240/http://www.ruter.no/Miljo-og-kultur/Stasjoner/T-banestasjonene-i-vest/ |archive-date=15 June 2008 }}</ref>

An original intent was to let the line continue from Rikshospitalet, connect with the Holmenkoll Line at Gaustad, follow its tracks southwards before branching off near [[Frøen (station)|Frøen]] and ending at [[Majorstuen (station)|Majorstuen]]. Here, at the terminus of the [[Frogner Line|Frogner]] and [[Briskeby Line]]s, a reconnection with the tramway system was provided.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fristad|first=Hans Andreas|title=Oslotrikken i nærbilde|publisher=Oslo Sporveier, Gyldendal Norsk Forlag|location=Oslo|year=1994|pages=126|isbn=82-05-22292-4|language=no}}</ref> No part of this plan materialized.

The line was the crime scene of a murder on 3 August 2004, when a mentally deranged man went on a stabbing spree on board a tram at [[Bislett (station)|Bislett]], injuring five and killing one.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article841240.ece |title=Stabbing spree stuns Oslo |last=Berglund |first=Nina |work=[[Aftenposten]] |date=3 August 2004 |access-date=20 March 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article842457.ece?service=print |title=Tram killer arrest |last=Tisdall |first=Jonathan |work=[[Aftenposten]] |date=5 August 2004 |access-date=20 March 2009 }}</ref>

==Service==
[[Image:Tullinloekka-holdeplass.jpg|thumb|left|[[Tullinløkka (station)|Tullinløkka]]]]
The Ullevål Hageby Line is served by lines 17 and 18 of the Oslo Tramway. Both lines operate the full length of the line between Rikshospitalet and Stortorvet and continue to [[Grefsen (station)|Grefsen]], but by different routes. Line 17 continues along the [[Sinsen Line]] while line 18 continues along the [[Grünerløkka–Torshov Line]].<ref name=linjekart>{{cite web|url=https://ruter.no/globalassets/rutetabeller/trikk/trikk-linjekart-04102020.pdf |format=pdf |author=Ruter |author-link=Ruter |title=Sporvogn |language=no |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> Because there is no turning loop, only [[SL95]] [[low-floor tram]]s are used.<ref name=sl95only /> Each line operates on a ten-minute headway during the day, and a twenty-minute headway in the evening and in the weekends. During the peak hours, the line therefore is served every five minutes. The service is provided by [[Oslo Sporvognsdrift]], on contract with [[Ruter]]. The trams and tracks are owned by the municipal company [[Kollektivtransportproduksjon]].<ref name="linjekart"/>

Transfers to lines 3, 4 and 5 of the T-bane are possible at Forskningsparken, while all T-bane lines can be reached at [[Stortinget (station)|Tinghuset/Professor Aschehougs plass]]. Line 11 of the tramway can be transferred to at [[Welhavens gate (sation)|Welhavens gate]] and [[Høyskolesenteret (station)|Høyskolesenteret]]. All other trams lines can be transferred to at Stortorvet. Line 18 also continues along the Gamleby Line to [[Jernbanetorget (station)|Jernbanetorget]], and line 17 to [[Kirkeristen (station)|Kirkeristen]], where transfer is possible to the T-bane, and the national rail network at [[Oslo Central Station]].<ref name=linjekart />

From downtown, the line runs in a generally northern direction, gradually turning northwestwards, moving along Thereses gate and Sognsveien to John Colletts plass, then through Niels Henrik Abels vei, on the north side of the [[University of Oslo]] campus, before ending at Rikshospitalet. The leg between John Colletts plass and Rikshospitalet is formally called the Gaustad Line ({{lang|no|Gaustadlinjen}}). The first part of the line, from Stortorvet to Welhavens gate, serves the city center. Welhavens gate (east-bound trams) and Høyskolesenteret (west-bound trams) serves the main campus of [[Oslo University College]]. [[Bislett (station)|Bislett]] is located just outside the multi-purpose sports venue [[Bislett Stadion]]. [[Ullevål sykehus (station)|Ullevål sykehus]] serves [[Ullevål University Hospital]], while both Universitet Blindern and Forskningsparken serve the main campus of the [[University of Oslo]] at [[Blindern]]. Rikshospitalet serves the hospital it takes its name from.<ref name=linjekart />

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|2}}

===Bibliography===
{{commons category|Ullevål hageby-linjen|Ullevål Hageby Line}}
*{{cite book |author=Aspenberg, Nils Carl |author-link=Nils Carl Aspenberg |title=Trikker og forstadsbaner i Oslo |publisher=[[Baneforlaget]] |location=Oslo |year=1994 |isbn=82-91448-03-5 |ref=CITEREFAspenberg1994 }}
*{{cite book|last=Stang|first=Johan L.|title=SOGN - en del av Oslo|year=1980|publisher=Tiden Norsk Forlag|isbn=82-10-02012-9|language=no}}
*{{cite book|title=Neste Stopp! : Verneplan for bygninger|year=2001|publisher=[[Baneforlaget]]|isbn=82-91448-17-5|author=Hartmann, Eivind & Øistein Mangset|location=Oslo|language=no|ref=CITEREFHartmannMangset2001}}

{{Oslo Tramway}}
{{Railways in Norway}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ulleval Hageby Line}}
[[Category:Oslo Tramway lines]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1875]]
[[Category:1875 establishments in Norway]]