View source for Ukrainian Americans

{{short description|Americans of Ukrainian birth or descent}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Ukrainian Americans
| native_name      = {{nativename|uk|Українські американці}}
| image            = Ukrainians in America.jpg
| pop              = '''1,258,979 (0.38%)'''<ref name="data.census.gov">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=ancestry&tid=ACSDT1Y2023.B04006|title=Census 2023 ACS 1-Year Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]}}</ref> <br />{{small|2023 estimate, self reported}}
| popplace         = [[New York metropolitan area|New York City Metropolitan Area]],<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/publication/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2010-immigrants|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=2011-09-05}}</ref>[[Rochester metropolitan area, New York|Rochester Metropolitan Area]], [[Rust Belt]] ([[Pennsylvania]], [[Ohio]], [[Michigan]], [[Indiana]], [[Illinois]]), [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] ([[Minnesota]], [[North Dakota]]), [[Greater Los Angeles|Greater Los Angeles Area]], [[Sacramento]], [[Alaska]], [[Washington (state)|Washington state]], and the [[Pacific Northwest]] in general, [[Maryland]], [[Florida]], [[Virginia]], [[Texas]], [[Arizona]], [[Colorado]], [[North Carolina]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ameredia.com/resources/demographics/ukrainian.html|title=Ameredia: Ukrainian American Demographics|website=www.ameredia.com|access-date=Feb 28, 2021}}</ref>
| langs            = Predominantly [[American English|English]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]<br>Occasionally [[Russian language|Russian]] and [[Yiddish]]
| rels             = Predominantly [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA|Ukrainian Orthodox]] and [[Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia|Ukrainian Greek Catholic]], with [[Evangelicalism|Protestant]], [[Baptist]], [[Pentecostalist]] and [[Judaism|Jewish]] minorities
| related          = [[Rusyn Americans]], [[Belarusian Americans]], [[Polish Americans]], [[Crimean Tatar Americans]]
}}
{{Ukrainians}}

'''Ukrainian Americans''' are [[Americans]] who are of full or partial [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] ancestry. According to U.S. census estimates, in 2021 there were 1,017,586 Americans of Ukrainian descent representing 0.3% of the American population.<ref name="data.census.gov"/>  The Ukrainian population of the United States is thus the second largest outside the former [[Eastern Bloc]]; only [[Canada]] has a larger [[Ukrainian Canadians|Ukrainian community]] under this definition.  According to the 2000 U.S. census, the [[United States metropolitan area|metropolitan areas]] with the largest numbers of Ukrainian Americans are: [[New York metropolitan area|New York City]] with 160,000; [[Delaware Valley|Philadelphia]] with 60,000; [[Chicago metropolitan area|Chicago]] with 46,000; [[Metro Detroit|Detroit]] with 45,000; [[Greater Los Angeles|Los Angeles]] with 36,000; [[Greater Cleveland|Cleveland]] with 26,000; [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] with 20,000;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukrainian Immigrants in California |url=https://www.ppic.org/blog/ukrainian-immigrants-in-california/ |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=Public Policy Institute of California |language=en-US}}</ref> and  [[Indianapolis metropolitan area|Indianapolis]] with 19,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table |title=Selected social characteristics in the United States: 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |work=U.S. State Census Bureau |date=2010 |access-date=January 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212624/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://inform-decisions.com/ukrstat/html/tables/states2.xls|title=Persons of Ukrainian Ancestry: States ordered by total number of Ukrainians|work=Informed Decisions, Inc.|date=2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228160423/http://inform-decisions.com/ukrstat/html/tables/states2.xls|archive-date=February 28, 2009}}</ref> In 2018, the number of Ukrainian Americans surpassed 1 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukrweekly.com/uwwp/ukrainians-in-the-united-states-have-reached-1-million/|title=Ukrainians in the United States have reached 1 million|first=Oleh|last=Wolowyna|website=The Ukrainian Weekly|date=May 11, 2018 |access-date=Feb 28, 2021}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Census Bureau Ukrainians in the United States.gif|thumb|240px|left| [[Maps of American ancestries|Distribution]] of Ukrainian Americans, as a percentage of the population, according to the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]].]]
[[File:Top of Rock Cropped.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The [[New York metropolitan area|New York City Metropolitan Area]], including [[Brighton Beach]] in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], and [[Fair Lawn, New Jersey|Fair Lawn]] in [[Bergen County]], [[New Jersey]], is home to by far the largest Ukrainian population in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.dhs.gov/publication/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2011-legal-permanent-residents|title= Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2|publisher= U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date= 2012-11-02}}</ref>]]

Large-scale Ukrainian immigration to America did not begin until the 1880s.<ref>[[Paul Robert Magocsi]]. (1996). ''A History of Ukraine''.  Toronto: University of Toronto Press.</ref> Between 1870 and 1914, the majority of Ukrainian immigrants came from [[Austro-Hungary]] ([[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] and other regions). They were described as [[Ruthenians]], [[Rusyns]], or “Russniaks.” Many arrived in [[New York City]] and [[Pennsylvania]]. In 1899 estimates of the number of Ukrainians in the US ranged from 200,000 to 500,000.<ref>[http://www.stmichaeluoc.org/Site/musey/UksinUSA.html Ukrainians in the United States]</ref> The [[Ukrainian National Association]] ({{langx|uk|Український народний союз}}), known before 1914 as the Ruthenian National Union ({{langx|uk|Руський Народний Союз}}) was founded in [[Shamokin, Pennsylvania]] on February 22, 1894.

Between 1920 and 1939, about 40,000 more Ukrainians arrived, mostly from [[Western Ukraine]].<ref>[http://www.stmichaeluoc.org/Site/musey/UksinUSA.html Ukrainians in the United States]</ref> After World War II, about 85,000 Ukrainian [[displaced persons]] emigrated to the United States from Europe.<ref>[http://www.stmichaeluoc.org/Site/musey/UksinUSA.html Ukrainians in the United States]</ref>

From 1955 to 1965, [[St. Andrew Memorial Church (South Bound Brook, New Jersey)|St. Andrew Memorial Church]] in [[South Bound Brook, New Jersey]], was constructed as a memorial honoring victims of the [[Holodomor]] of 1932–1933.

The largest wave of Ukrainians came in the early 1990s, after the 1991 [[dissolution of the Soviet Union|fall of the Soviet Union]].  Some{{quantify|date=November 2019}} of those emigrating from Ukraine after the fall of the Soviet Union were [[History of the Jews in Ukraine|Jewish]] or [[Protestantism in Ukraine|Protestant]]. Many Ukrainians of the newest immigration wave settled in large cities and regional centers, forming [[ethnic enclave]]s. In addition, many Ukrainian Americans arrived by way of Canada, which has a larger [[Ukrainian Canadians|Ukrainian presence]].

On September 11, 2001, 11 Ukrainian Americans perished at the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in [[New York City]] during the [[September 11 attacks|acts of mass terrorism]] committed on that day. All of their names were listed and commemorated by [[Ukrinform]], the National News Agency of Ukraine, during the nineteenth anniversary of the attacks in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=З нагоди роковин теракту в США 11 вересня згадали загиблих українського походження |trans-title=Victims of Ukrainian descent were commemorated on the anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States |publisher=[[Ukrinform]] |date=2020-09-11 |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-diaspora/3097955-z-nagodi-rokovin-teraktu-v-ssa-11-veresna-zgadali-zagiblih-ukrainskogo-pohodzenna.html |accessdate=2021-09-11 |archivedate=2021-09-11 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210911210437/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-diaspora/3097955-z-nagodi-rokovin-teraktu-v-ssa-11-veresna-zgadali-zagiblih-ukrainskogo-pohodzenna.html |language=Ukrainian}}</ref>

Ukrainian Americans living in [[Northern New Jersey]] and the remainder of the [[Northeastern United States]] have long{{quantify|date=November 2019}} been politically vocal about Ukrainian affairs, often traveling to [[Washington, D.C.]], to express their concerns.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.northjersey.com/news/ukrainian-president-greets-north-jersey-supporters-at-d-c-rally-1.1091366|title= Ukrainian president greets North Jersey residents at D.C. rally|author= Minjae Park|publisher= North Jersey Media Group|date= 2014-09-18|access-date= 2014-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.northjersey.com/news/north-jersey-ukrainians-pitch-in-for-wounded-countrymen-1.1397247?page=all|title= North Jersey Ukrainians pitch in for wounded countrymen|author= Mary Diduch|publisher= North Jersey Media Group|date= August 24, 2015|access-date= August 31, 2015}}</ref>

In [[Bloomingdale, Illinois|Bloomingdale]] ([[DuPage County, Illinois|near Chicago]]) on September 21, 2015, [[Filaret (Denysenko)|Filaret]], the Ukrainian Orthodox [[List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Kyiv|Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus'-Ukraine]], consecrated the first North American monument to the [[Revolution of Dignity]]'s "[[List of people killed during the Revolution of Dignity|Heavenly Hundred]]".<ref>{{cite news |title=Monument to Heavenly Hundred unveiled in Chicago |url=https://www.uawire.org/news/monument-to-heavenly-hundred-unveiled-in-chicago |date=September 21, 2015 |newspaper=UAWire.org |access-date=February 21, 2020}}</ref>

In February 2022, the Pastor Right Reverend Mitred Archpriest Philip Weiner, the leader of St. Josaphat's [[Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia|Ukrainian Catholic]] Church in [[Rochester, New York]], said that there were more than 40,000 Ukrainians in the Rochester Metropolitan Area, which would make it one of the largest Ukrainian American communities in the country.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wright |first=Wendy |title=Rochester's Ukrainian community on 'pins and needles' |url=https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/rochester/community/2022/02/23/rochester-s-ukrainian-community-on--pins-and-needles-- |date=March 23, 2022 |website=spectrumlocalnews.com |access-date=March 24, 2022}}</ref>

There are a large number of Ukrainian Protestants in the [[Sacramento metropolitan area]] who have organized support to those affected by the [[Russian Invasion of Ukraine|invasion of Ukraine]] through their local congregations.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sacramento's dense population of Ukrainian immigrants are sending help back home |language=en |work=NPR.org |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/03/05/1084729544/sacramentos-dense-population-of-ukrainian-immigrants-are-sending-help-back-home |access-date=2023-01-05}}</ref> 

It is estimated that during 2022-2023, around 300,000 Ukrainians have sought asylum in the United States through various means, making the U.S. the fifth-largest destination for [[Ukrainian refugee crisis|refugees of the Russian invasion of Ukraine]], and also making Ukrainians one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the United States that don't originate from the American continent.

== Religion ==
Most American Ukrainians are [[Christians]] (Orthodox, Catholics, Baptists, Evangelicals).

==Demographics==
[[File:Ukrainian USC2000 PHS.svg|thumb|Ukrainian language in the United States]]
[[File:Harry F Sinclair House 9730.JPG|thumb|left|250px|[[Ukrainian Institute of America]], on [[Fifth Avenue]], [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]].]]
[[File:Orthodox Cathedral of St. Andrew in South Bound Brook.jpg|thumb|250px|[[St. Andrew Memorial Church]] in [[South Bound Brook, New Jersey]] was constructed as a [[memorial]] honoring victims of the [[Holodomor]] and serves as the headquarters of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA]].]]
As of the [[2000 United States Census|2000 U.S. Census]], there were 892,922 Americans of full or partial Ukrainian descent. The [[New York City Metropolitan Area]] contains by far the largest Ukrainian community in the United States, due to historically receiving the highest number of Ukrainian immigrants.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

The U.S. states with the largest Ukrainian populations are as follows:
{|
|-
| [[New York (state)|New York]]     || 148,700
|-
| [[Pennsylvania]]{{nbsp|2}} || 122,291
|-
| [[California]]   || 83,125
|-
| [[New Jersey]]   || 73,809
|-
| [[Ohio]]   || 48,908<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_09_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported: 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |work=U.S. State Census Bureau |date=2009 |access-date=January 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150215231840/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_09_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |archive-date=February 15, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Illinois]]     || 47,623
|}
The total number of people born in Ukraine is more than 275,155 residents.<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/stp-159/STP-159-Ukraine.pdf|title=Table FBP-1. Profile of Selected Demographic and Social Characteristics: 2000|access-date=2007-08-15|year=2000|work=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref>

===Ukrainian-born population===
Ukrainian-born population in the U.S. since 2010:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_B05006&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder - Results|publisher=United States Census Bureau|website=factfinder.census.gov|access-date=2018-04-23|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214060704/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_B05006&prodType=table|archive-date=2020-02-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! scope="col" style="width:80px;"|Year
! scope="col" style="width:160px;"|Number
|- align=center
| 2010
| 326,493
|- align=center
| 2011
| {{growth}}340,468
|- align=center
| 2012
| {{growth}}342,971
|- align=center
| 2013
| {{increase}}345,187
|- align=center
| 2014
| {{decrease}}332,145
|- align=center
| 2015
| {{growth}}345,620
|- align=center
| 2016
| {{growth}}347,759
|- align=center
| 2017
| {{growth}}354,494
|- align=center
| 2018
| {{decrease}}325,885
|- align=center
| 2019
| {{growth}}354,832
|- align=center
| 2020
| {{growth}}358,823
|- align=center
| 2021
| {{growth}}398,040
|-
|}


===U.S. communities with high percentages of people of Ukrainian ancestry===
[[File:Ukrainians in US Rally as War Fears Mount.webmhd.webm|thumb|right|200px|"Ukrainians in US rally as war fears mount" — video from VOA]]
The top 20 U.S. communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Ukrainian ancestry are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Ukrainian.html |title=Ancestry Map of Ukrainian Communities |publisher=Epodunk.com |access-date=2008-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523064728/http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Ukrainian.html |archive-date=2013-05-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# [[Cass Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania|Cass Township, Pennsylvania]] ([[Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania]]) 14.30%
# [[Belfield, North Dakota]] 13.60%
# [[Gulich Township, Pennsylvania]] 12.70%
# [[Gilberton, Pennsylvania]] 12.40%
# [[Wilton, North Dakota]] 10.30%
# [[Lumberland, New York]] 9.90%
# [[St. Clair, Pennsylvania|Saint Clair, Pennsylvania]] 8.80%
# [[Soap Lake, Washington]] 8.10%
# [[Frackville, Pennsylvania]] 7.60%
# [[Olyphant, Pennsylvania]] and [[Norwegian Township, Pennsylvania]] 7.00%
# [[Houtzdale, Pennsylvania]] 6.90%
# [[Harmony Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania|Harmony Township, Pennsylvania]] ([[Beaver County, Pennsylvania]]) and [[Kerhonkson, New York]] 6.70%
# [[Baden, Pennsylvania]] and [[McAdoo, Pennsylvania]] 5.90%
# [[Branch Township, Pennsylvania]] and [[Postville, Iowa]] 5.70%
# [[Woodward Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania|Woodward Township, Pennsylvania]] ([[Clearfield County, Pennsylvania]]) and [[Northampton, Pennsylvania]] 5.60%
# [[Warren, New York]] and [[Independence, Ohio]] 5.50%
# [[West Leechburg, Pennsylvania]] 5.40%
# [[Ambridge, Pennsylvania]], [[Mount Carmel Township, Pennsylvania]], and [[Parma, Ohio]] 5.30%
# [[Ford City, Pennsylvania]] 5.20%
# [[Bigler Township, Pennsylvania]] and [[Kline Township, Pennsylvania]] 5.10%
# [[Mayfield Heights, Ohio]] 3.4%

===U.S. communities with the highest percentage of residents born in Ukraine===
Top 20 U.S. communities with the highest percentage of residents born in Ukraine are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city-data.com/top2/h65.html |title=Top 101 cities with the most residents born in Ukraine (population 500+) |publisher=city-data.com |access-date=2008-08-12}}</ref>
# [[Delta Junction, Alaska|Delta Junction, AK]] 16.4%
# [[Deltana, Alaska|Deltana, AK]] 8.4%
# [[Hamtramck, Michigan|Hamtramck, MI]]  8.0%
# [[West Hollywood, California|West Hollywood, CA]] 7.8%
# [[Lumberland, New York|Lumberland, NY]] 6.3%
# [[Moses Lake North, Washington|Moses Lake North, WA]] 6.0%
# [[Soap Lake, Washington|Soap Lake, WA]] 6.0%
# [[Postville, Iowa|Postville, IA]] 5.9%
# [[Warren, Michigan|Warren, MI]] 4.0%
# [[Chicago|Chicago, IL]] 4.0%
# [[Webster, New York|Webster, NY]] 4.8%
# [[Peaceful Valley, Washington|Peaceful Valley, WA]] 4.8%
# [[Pikesville, Maryland|Pikesville, MD]] 4.5%
# [[Kerhonkson, New York|Kerhonkson, NY]] 3.9%
# [[North Highlands, California|North Highlands, CA]] 3.6%
# [[Rancho Cordova, California|Rancho Cordova, CA]] 3.3%
# [[Oak Park, Michigan|Oak Park, MI]] 3.0%
# [[Flying Hills, Pennsylvania|Flying Hills, PA]] 3.2%
# [[Waverly, Nebraska|Waverly, NE]] 3.2%
# [[Fair Lawn, New Jersey|Fair Lawn, NJ]] 3.1%
# [[Buffalo Grove, Illinois|Buffalo Grove, IL]] 2.8%
# [[Feasterville-Trevose, Pennsylvania|Feasterville-Trevose, PA]] 2.6%
# [[Smallwood, New York|Smallwood, NY]] 2.5%
# [[Solvay, New York|Solvay, NY]] 2.5%
# [[North Port, Florida|North Port, FL]] 2.4%
# [[Detroit, MI]]  1.0%

==Notable people==
{{main list|List of Ukrainian Americans}}

==See also==
{{portal|United States|Ukraine}}
* [[European Americans]]
* [[Hyphenated American]]
* [[The Ukrainian Museum]] ([[New York City]])
* [[Ukrainian American Veterans]]
* [[Ukrainian Americans in New York City]]
* [[Ukrainian Americans in Los Angeles]]
* [[Ukrainian Australians]]
* [[Ukrainian Canadians]]
* [[Ukrainians in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia]]
* [[Ukrainian Congress Committee of America]]
* [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA]]
* [[Ukraine–United States relations]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book | last1 = Kuropas | first1 = Myron B. | last2 = Shust | first2 = Maria | last3 = Pevna | first3 = Chrystyna | title = To Preserve A Heritage: The Story of the Ukrainian Immigration in the United States | location = New York | publisher = [[The Ukrainian Museum]] | year = 1984 | id = 84-050811 }}
* {{citation|editor-last=Magocsi|editor-first=Paul R.|editor-link=Paul Robert Magocsi|title=The Ukrainian Experience in the United States: A Symposium|series=Sources and Documents|year=1979|place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]|publisher=[[Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute]]|isbn=0-916458-04-0 }}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bohachevsky-Chomiak|first=Martha|authorlink=Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak|title=Ukrainian Bishop, American Church: Constantine Bohachevsky and the Ukrainian Catholic Church|year=2018|location=Washington|publisher=Catholic University of America Press|isbn=9780813231594|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-aEDwAAQBAJ}}
* Fedunkiw, Marianne P. "Ukrainian Americans." in ''Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America'', edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 4, Gale, 2014), pp.&nbsp;459–474. [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300184/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=09d624ea online]
* Lushnycky, Alex. ''Ukrainians of Greater Philadelphia'' (2007), {{ISBN|978-0-7385-5040-4}}
* Kuropas,  Myron B.''Ukrainians of Chicagoland'' (2006), {{ISBN|0-7385-4099-4}}
* Wichar, Nancy Karen. ''Ukrainians of Metropolitan Detroit'' (2010), {{ISBN|978-0-7385-7716-6}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ukrainianchicago.com/ Ukrainian Chicago]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160909012159/http://www.ukrainianmuseumdetroit.org/home.html Ukrainian American Archives & Museum of Detroit.]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msNQ9XojTqQ Ukrainian American Heritage Days festival]
{{Slavic Americans}}
{{European Americans}}
{{East Slavic Americans}}
{{Ukrainian diaspora}}
{{Ukraine topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:American people of Ukrainian descent| ]]
[[Category:European diaspora in the United States]]
[[Category:Ukrainian diaspora by country|American]]
[[Category:Ukrainian diaspora in the United States| ]]