View source for Uilta language

{{Short description|Tungusic language of Russia}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Orok language|Oroch language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{cleanup|reason=Poorly written; needs copyediting, stylistic changes, and reorganization|date=September 2021}}
{{expert needed|linguistics|reason=The descriptions of past research, orthography, morphology, syllable structure, and syntax are poorly written, unclear and inadequately explained, and use vague and non-technical wording and inadequate citations|date=September 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2021}}
{{Cleanup lang|date=May 2025}}
}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Uilta
|altname = Orok
|nativename = {{lang|oaa|Уилта кэсэни}}
|states = [[Russia]], [[Japan]] <!--in order of population size-->
|region = [[Sakhalin Oblast]] ([[Russian Far East]]), [[Hokkaido]]
|ethnicity = 300 [[Orok people|Orok]] (2010 census)<ref name=e18>{{Ethnologue18}}</ref>
|speakers = 116
|date = 2020 census
|ref = <ref>[https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab7_VPN-2020.xlsx 7. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НАИБОЛЕЕ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПО РОДНОМУ ЯЗЫКУ]</ref>
|familycolor = Altaic
|fam1 = [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]]
|fam2 = Southern
|fam3 = [[Nanaic languages|Nanaic]]
|script = [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
|iso3 = oaa
|glotto = orok1265
|glottorefname = Orok
|map = Lang Status 20-CR.svg
|mapcaption = {{center|{{small|Orok is classified as Critically Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''}}}}
}}

'''Uilta''' ({{langx|oaa|ульта}}, also called '''Ulta''', '''Ujlta''',{{efn|''Uilta'' may come from the word {{Transliteration|oaa|ulaa}} which means 'domestic reindeer'.<ref name="Tsumagari 2009">{{harvcoltxt|Tsumagari|2009}}</ref>}} or '''Orok''') is a [[Tungusic language]] spoken in the [[Poronaysky District|Poronaysky]] and [[Nogliksky District|Nogliksky]] [[administrative divisions of Sakhalin Oblast|Administrative Divisions]] of [[Sakhalin Oblast]], in the [[Russia|Russian Federation]], by the [[Uilta people]]. The northern Uilta who live along the river of Tym’ and around the village of Val have reindeer herding as one of their traditional occupations. The southern Uilta live along the Poronay near the city of [[Poronaysk]]. The two dialects come from the northern and eastern groups, however, they have very few differences.

==Classification==
Uilta is closely related to [[Nanai language|Nanai]], and is classified within the southern branch of the [[Tungusic languages]]. Classifications which recognize an intermediate group between the northern and southern branch of [[Tungusic languages|Manchu-Tungus]] classify Uilta (and [[Nanai language|Nanai]]) as Central Tungusic. Within Central Tungusic, [[Glottolog]] groups Uilta with [[Ulch language|Ulch]] as "Ulchaic", and Ulchaic with Nanai as "Central-Western Tungusic" (also known{{by whom|date=June 2019}} as the "Nanai group"), while [[Oroch language|Oroch]], [[Kilen language|Kilen]] and [[Udihe language|Udihe]] are grouped as "Central-Eastern Tungusic".<ref name="glot">{{cite web| editor-last1= Hammarström| editor-first1 = Harald| editor-last2 = Forke| editor-first2 = Robert| editor-last3 = Haspelmath| editor-first3 = Martin| editor-last4 = Bank| editor-first4 = Sebastian| year = 2020|title = Orok | work = [[Glottolog]] 4.3| url = https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/orok1265}}</ref>

==Distribution==
Although there has been an increase in the total population of the [[Oroks|Uilta]] there has been a decrease in people who speak Uilta as their mother tongue. The total population of Uiltas was at 200 in the 1989 census of which 44.7, then increased to approximately 300–400 persons. However, the number of native speakers decreased to 25–16 persons.  According to the results of the Russian population census of 2002, Uilta (all who identified themselves as "Oroch with Ulta language", "Orochon with Ulta language", "Uilta", "Ulta", "Ulch with Ulta language" were attributed to Uilta) count 346 people, 201 of whom are urban and 145 of whom are village dwellers. The percentage of 18.5%, which is 64 people pointed that they have a command of their ("Ulta") language, which, mostly, should be considered as a result of increased national consciousness in the post-Soviet period than a reflection of the real situation. In fact, the number of those people with a different degree of command of the Uilta language is less than 10 and the native language of the population is overwhelmingly Russian. Therefore because of the lack of a practical writing system and sufficient official support the Uilta language has become an endangered language.

The language is critically endangered or moribund. According to the [[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Russian census]] there were 346 Uilta living in the north-eastern part of Sakhalin, of whom 64 were competent in Uilta. By the 2010 census, that number had dropped to 47. Uilta also live on the island of [[Hokkaido]] in Japan, but the number of speakers is uncertain, and certainly small.<ref>Novikova, 1997</ref> Yamada (2010) reports 10 active speakers, 16 conditionally bilingual speakers, and 24 passive speakers who can understand with the help of Russian. The article states that "It is highly probable that the number has since decreased further."<ref>{{harvp|Yamada|2010|page=70}}</ref>

Uilta is divided into two dialects, listed as Poronaisk (southern) and Val-Nogliki (northern).<ref name="glot" /> The few Uilta speakers in Hokkaido speak the southern dialect. "The distribution of Uilta is closely connected with their half-nomadic lifestyle, which involves reindeer herding as a subsistence economy."<ref>{{harvp|Yamada|2010|page=60}}</ref> The Southern Uilta people stay in the coastal [[Okhotsk]] area in spring and summer, and move to the North Sakhalin plains and East Sakhalin mountains during fall and winter. The Northern Uilta people live near the [[Terpenija Bay]] and the [[Poronai River]] during spring and summer and migrate to the East Sakhalin mountains for autumn and winter.

== Research ==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}
[[Takeshiro Matsuura]] (1818–1888), a prominent Japanese explorer of Hokkaido, southern Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands, was the first to make a notable record of the language. Matsuura wrote down about 350 Uilta words in Japanese, including about 200 words with grammatical remarks and short texts. The oldest set of known records{{clarify|date=October 2021}} of the Uilta language is a 369-entry collection of words and short sample sentences under the title "Worokkongo", dating from the mid-nineteenth century.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} Japanese researcher [[Akira Nakanome]], during the Japanese possession of South Sakhalin, researched the Uilta language and published a small grammar with a glossary of 1000 words. Other researchers who published some work on the Uilta were [[Hisharu Magata]], [[Hideya Kawamura]], T.I Petrova, A.I Novikova, L.I Sem, and contemporary specialist L.V. Ozolinga. Magata published a substantial volume of dictionaries called "A Dictionary of the Uilta Language / Uirutago Jiten" in 1981. Others contributing to Uilta scholarship were Ozolinga, who published two substantial dictionaries: one in 2001 with 1200 words, and one in 2003 with 5000 Uilta-Russian entries and 400 Russian-Uilta entries.

== Phonology ==
=== Inventory ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Uilta consonant phonemes<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Tsumagari|2009|page=2}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |
! scope="col" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! scope="col" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! scope="col" | [[Post-alveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]
! scope="col" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}}{{efn|group=lower-roman|{{IPA|/n/}} becomes {{IPA|[ɲ]}} before {{IPA|/i/}} or {{IPA|/ɛ/}} neutralizing with {{IPA|/ɲ/}}.}}
| {{IPA link|ɲ}}
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive]]
! scope="row" | <small>voiceless</small>
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|t}}
| {{IPA link|tʃ}}
| {{IPA link|k}}
|-
! scope="row" | <small>voiced</small>
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|d}}
| {{IPA link|dʒ}}
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}{{efn|group=lower-roman|[[Intervocalic consonant|Intervocalic]] {{IPA|/g/}} is realized as the fricative {{IPAblink|ɣ}}.}}
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row" | [[Fricative]]
|
| {{IPA link|s}}{{efn|group=lower-roman|{{IPA|/s/}} is generally realized as {{IPA|[s]}} before {{IPA|/a/}} or {{IPA|/ɔ/}} and {{IPA|[sʲ~ʃ]}} otherwise.}}
|
| {{IPA link|x}}
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row" | [[Tap consonant|Tap]] 
|
| {{IPA link|ɾ}}{{efn|name=alveolar liquid devoicing|group=lower-roman|{{IPA|/ɾ/}} and {{IPA|/l/}} when followed by a voiceless consonant are often devoiced.}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row" | [[Approximant]]
|
| {{IPA link|l}}{{efn|name=alveolar liquid devoicing|group=lower-roman}}
| {{IPA link|j}}
| {{IPA link|w}}
|}
{{notelist|group=lower-roman}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Uilta vowel phonemes<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Tsumagari|2009|pages=2–3}}</ref>
!
! [[Front vowel|Front]] 
! [[Central vowel|Central]]
! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}}
|
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|
| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|ɵ}} ~ {{IPA link|o}}
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}}{{efn|group=lower-roman|{{IPA|/ɛ/}} occurs most often in the diphthong {{IPA|/ɛu/}} or as the long vowel {{IPA|/ɛɛ/}}. The short monophthong {{IPA|/ɛ/}} rarely occurs on its own.}}
| {{IPA link|ə}}
| {{IPA link|ɔ}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| {{IPA link|a}}
|
|}
{{notelist|group=lower-roman}}

Uilta has constrastive [[vowel length]].

=== Phonotactics ===

==== Syllable structure ====
Uilta has a (C)V(V)(C){{efn|C represents a position to be filled with a consonant, V represents a position to be filled with a vowel and parentheses indicate that a position is optional. Long vowels fill two vowel positions, i.e. VV is either a diphthong or a long vowel and V is always a short monophthong.}} syllable structure.<ref name="syllable structure">{{harvcoltxt|Tsumagari|2009|page=3}}</ref> Monosyllabic words always contain either a diphthong or a long vowel, thus no words have the structure *(C)V(C).<ref name="syllable structure"/> All consonants may occur both syllable initial and syllable final, however {{IPA|/ɾ/}} may not occur word initial, and {{IPA|/m/}}, {{IPA|/n/}} and {{IPA|/l/}} are the only consonants that can be word final,{{efn|Consonants other than {{IPA|/m/}}, {{IPA|/n/}} and {{IPA|/l/}} may occur word finally in words of onomatopoeic origin.}} with {{IPA|/m/}} and {{IPA|/n/}} only being permitted to be word final in monosyllabic words.<ref name="syllable structure"/>

==== Morae ====
Syllables can be further divided into [[Mora (linguistics)|morae]] which determine stress and timing of the word.<ref name="syllable structure"/> The primary mora of a syllable consists of the vowel and the initial consonant if there is one.<ref name="syllable structure"/> After the primary mora an additional each vowel or consonant in the syllable form secondary morae.<ref name="syllable structure"/> Any word typically contains a minimum of two morae.<ref name="syllable structure"/>

==== Pitch accent ====
Uilta has non-phonemic [[pitch accent]].<ref name="pitch accent">{{harvcoltxt|Tsumagari|2009|pages=3–4}}</ref> Certain morae are accented with higher pitch. High pitch begins on the second mora{{efn|Except when the accent peak falls on the first mora, in which case only the accent peak has high pitch.}} and ends on the accent peak.<ref name="pitch accent"/> The accent peak falls on the second to last mora if it is primary and the closest preceding primary mora otherwise.<ref name="pitch accent"/>

For example {{Transliteration|oaa|pa.ta.la}} ({{Translation|girl}}) is made of three syllables each consisting of one primary mora. Thus the accent peak falls on ''ta'', the penultimate mora. In {{Transliteration|oaa|ŋaa.la}} ({{Translation|hand}}), there are two syllables and three morae, the penultimate mora is ''a'' a secondary mora, so the accent peak falls on the previous mora, ''ŋa''.

==== Vowel harmony ====
[[File:Uilta vowel harmony Venn diagram.svg|thumb|A diagram illustrating the vowel groups in Uilta.
{{legend|#29f|Close vowels}}
{{legend|#fe3|Open vowels}}
{{legend|#8c4|Neutral}}
]]
Words in Uilta exhibit [[vowel harmony]].<ref name="syllable structure"/> Uilta vowels can be divided into three groups based on how they interact with vowel harmony:<ref name="syllable structure"/>

* Close: {{IPA|/ə/}} {{IPA|/o ~ ɵ/}}
* Neutral: {{IPA|/i/}} {{IPA|/ɛ/}} {{IPA|/u/}}
* Open: {{IPA|/a/}} {{IPA|/ɔ/}}

Close and open vowels cannot coexist with each other in the same word.<ref name="syllable structure"/> Neutral vowels have no restrictions and can occur in words with close vowels, open vowels or other neutral vowels.<ref name="syllable structure"/>

==Orthography==
[[File:En with left hook - uppercase and lowercase.svg|thumb|{{angbr|Н}} with left hook is used in Uilta to represent a palatal nasal, and is Romanized as Ɲ.]]
A [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] alphabet was introduced in 2007. A primer has been published, and the language is taught in one school on the island of [[Sakhalin]].<ref>Уилтадаирису (in Russian; retrieved 2011-08-17) ({{Cite web |title=UZ Forum – Language Learners Community |url=http://uztranslations.net.ru/?category=tungusbooks-tungusic&altname=uiltadairisu_hovorim_po-uiltinski |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826124733/http://uztranslations.net.ru/?category=tungusbooks-tungusic&altname=uiltadairisu_hovorim_po-uiltinski |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=2014-12-01}})</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2021}}
{| style="border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
|+ '''Uilta Cyrillic alphabet'''
|- style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; width:3em; text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[А]] а
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[А̄]] а̄
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Б]] б
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[В]] в
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Г]] г
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Д]] д
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Е]] е
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Е̄]] е̄
|- style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; width:3em; text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Ӡ]] ӡ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[И]] и
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Ӣ]] ӣ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Ј]] ј
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[К]] к
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Л]] л
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[М]] м
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Н]] н
|- style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; width:3em; text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Ԩ]] ԩ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Ӈ]] ӈ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[О]] о
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[О̄]] о̄
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Ө]] ө
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Ө̄]] ө̄
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[П]] п
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Р]] р
|- style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; width:3em; text-align:center;"
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[С]] с
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Т]] т
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[У]] у
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Ӯ]] ӯ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Х]] х
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Ч]] ч
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Э]] э
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | [[Э̄]] э̄
|}

The letter {{Unichar|0528|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH LEFT HOOK}} has been included in [[Unicode]]<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0500.pdf|title=Official Unicode Consortium code chart}}</ref> since version 7.0.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

In 2008, the first Uilta primer was published, which established a writing system.<ref name="Tsumagari 2009"/>

== Morphology ==
{{cleanup|section|reason=Data and examples are not properly integrated into the text. "Table" is not properly formatted.|date=October 2021}}

The Uilta language is formed by elements called actor nouns.{{clarify|date=October 2021}} These actor nouns are formed when a present participle is combined with the noun – ɲɲee. For example, the element – ɲɲee (< *ɲia), has become a general suffix for 'humans', as in ǝǝktǝ-ɲɲee ‛woman’, geeda-ɲɲee ‛one person’ and xasu-ɲɲee ‛how many people?’. Much of what constitutes Uilta and its forms{{clarify|date=October 2021}} can be traced back to the [[Ulch language]].{{dubious|date=October 2021}}

Uilta has participial markers for three tenses: past -{{Transliteration|oaa|xa(n-)}}, present +ri, and future -li. When the participle of an uncompleted action, +ri, is combined with the suffix -la, it creates the future tense marker +rila-. It also has the voluntative marker (‘let us…!’) +risu, in which the element -su diachronically represents the 2nd person plural ending. Further forms were developed that were based on +ri: the subjunctive in +{{Transliteration|oaa|rila-xa(n-)}} (fut-ptcp.pst-), the 1st person singular optative in +ri-tta, the 3rd person imperative in +ri-llo (+ri-lo), and the probabilitative{{clarify|date=October 2021}} in +ri-li- (ptcp.prs-fut).

In possessive forms, if the possessor is human, the suffix -ɲu is always added following the noun stem.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} The suffix -ɲu indicates that the referent is an indirect or an alienable possessee. To indicate direct and inalienable possession, the suffix -ɲu is omitted. For example, 
* ulisep -ɲu- bi 'my meat' vs. ulise-bi 'my flesh'
* böyö -ɲu- bi 'my bear' vs. ɲinda-bi 'my dog'
* sura – ɲu – bi 'my flea' vs. cikte-bi 'my louse'
* kupe – ɲu – bi 'my thread' vs. kitaam-bi 'my needle'

Pronouns are divided into four groups: personal, reflexive, demonstrative, and interrogative. Uilta personal pronouns have three persons (first, second, and third) and two numbers (singular and plural). 
	SG – PL
1st 	bii – buu
2nd 	sii – suu
3rd 	nooni – {{Transliteration|oaa|nooci}}.
<ref name="Tsumagari 2009" />
<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pevnov |first=Alexandr |date=2016 |title=On the Specific Features of Uilta as Compared with the Other Tungusic Languages |url=https://journal.fi/store/article/view/59472 |journal=Studia Orientalia Electronica |language=en |volume=117 |pages=47–63}}</ref>

== Syntax ==
Noun phrases have the following order: determiner, adjective, noun.

<section begin="list-of-glossing-abbreviations"/><div style="display:none;">
N:noun
S:subject
O:object
V:verb
</div><section end="list-of-glossing-abbreviations"/>
{{interlinear|number=ex:
|Tari goropci nari
|DET ADJ N
|That old man.}}

{{interlinear|number=ex:
|Eri goropci nari
|DET ADJ N
|‘This old man.’}}

{{interlinear|number=ex:
|Arisal goropci nari-l
|DET ADJ N
|‘Those old men’.}}

Subjects precede verbs:

{{interlinear|number=ex:
|Bii xalacci-wi
|S  V
|‘I will wait’.}}

{{interlinear|number=ex:
|{ii bii} ŋennɛɛ-wi
|S    V
|‘Yes, I will go’.}}

With an object the order is [[Subject–object–verb|SOV]]:

{{interlinear|number=ex:
|Sii gumasikkas nu-la
|S  O     V
|‘You have money’.}}

Adjectives go after their noun:

{{interlinear|number=ex:
|tari {nari caa} ninda-ji kusalji tuksɛɛ-ni
|DET S     N    ADJ   V
|‘That man runs faster than that dog’.}}

A sentence where the complement comes after its complement is a postposition:{{clarify|date=October 2021}}

{{interlinear
| number = ex:|Sundattaa dug-ji bii-ni|N N POST|‘The fish (sundattaa) is at home (dug-ji)’.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Orok people]]
* [[Sakhalin]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite journal
| last=Tsumagari
| first=Toshiro
| date=2009
| title=Grammatical Outline of Uilta (Revised)
| url= https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/37062/1/TSUMAGARI.pdf
| journal=Journal of the Graduate School of Letters
| language=en
| volume=4
| pages=1–21
| hdl-access=free
| hdl=2115/37062
}}

== Further reading ==
* Majewicz, A. F. (1989). The Oroks: past and present (pp.&nbsp;124–146). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
* Pilsudski, B. (1987). Materials for the study of the Orok [Uilta] language and folklore. In, Working papers / Institute of Linguistics Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu.
* Matsumura, K. (2002). Indigenous Minority Languages of Russia: A Bibliographical Guide.
* Kazama, Shinjiro. (2003). Basic vocabulary (A) of Tungusic languages. Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim Publications Series, A2-037.
* {{Cite journal |last=Yamada |first=Yoshiko |date=2010 |title=A Preliminary Study of Language Contacts around Uilta in Sakhalin |journal=Běifāng rénwén yánjiū / Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities |language=en |volume=3 |pages=59–75 |hdl-access=free |hdl=2115/42939}}
* Tsumagari, T. (2009). Grammatical Outline of Uilta (Revised). Journal of the Graduate School of Letters, 41–21.
* Ikegami, J. (1994). Differences between the southern and northern dialects of Uilta. Bulletin of the Hokkaido Museum of Northern Peoples, 39–38.
* Knüppel, M. (2004). Uilta Oral Literature. A Collection of Texts Translated and Annotated. Revised and Enlarged Edition . (English). Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 129(2), 317.
* Smolyak, A. B., & Anderson, G. S. (1996). Orok. Macmillan Reference USA.
* Missonova, L. (2010). The emergence of Uil'ta writing in the 21st century (problems of the ethno-social life of the languages of small peoples). [[Etnograficheskoe Obozrenie]], 1100–115.
* Larisa, Ozolinya. (2013). A Grammar of Orok (Uilta). Novosibirsk Pablishing House Geo.
* Janhunen, J. (2014). On the ethnonyms Orok and Uryangkhai. Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, (19), 71.
* Pevnov, A. M. (2009, March). On Some Features of Nivkh and Uilta (in Connection with Prospects of Russian-Japanese Collaboration). In サハリンの言語世界: 北大文学研究科公開シンポジウム報告書= Linguistic World of Sakhalin: Proceedings of the Symposium, 6 September 2008 (pp.&nbsp;113–125). 北海道大学大学院文学研究科= Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University.
* Ikegami, J. (1997). Uirutago jiten [A dictionary of the Uilta language spoken on Sakhalin].
* K.A. Novikova, L.I. Sem. Oroksky yazyk // Yazyki mira: Tunguso-man'chzhurskie yazyki. Moscow, 1997. (Russian)
 
{{Incubator|code = oaa}}

{{Tungusic languages}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uilta Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Vowel-harmony languages]]
[[Category:Tungusic languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Russia]]
[[Category:Sakhalin Oblast]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of Asia]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of Japan]]