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{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Uelkal
|ru_name=Уэлькаль
|other_name=Валъӄалыӄ
|other_lang=Yupik
|image_skyline=
|image_caption=
<!--|image_map=
|map_caption=-->
|map_label_position=left
|coordinates = {{coord|65|32|N|179|17|W|display=inline,title}}
<!----ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS---->
|federal_subject=[[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="ATSLaw12_2">Law #33, Article&nbsp;12.2</ref>
|adm_district_jur=[[Iultinsky District]]
|adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="ATSLaw16_2">Law #33, Article&nbsp;16.2</ref>
|inhabloc_cat=Rural locality
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="ATSLaw12_2" />
|inhabloc_type=''[[Village#Russia|Selo]]''
|inhabloc_type_ref=<ref name="ATSLaw12_2" />
<!----MUNICIPAL STATUS---->
|mun_district_jur=Iultinsky Municipal District
|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Law149">Law #149, Article&nbsp;8</ref>
|rural_settlement_jur=Uelkal Rural Settlement
|rural_settlement_jur_ref=<ref name="Law149" />
|mun_admctr_of=Uelkal Rural Settlement
|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Law149" />
<!----STATISTICS---->
|pop_2010census=243
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref><ref name="2010Note">The results of the 2010 Census are given for Uelkal Rural Settlement, a municipal formation of Iultinsky Municipal District. According to Law #148-OZ, Uelkal is the only inhabited locality on the territory of Uelkal Rural Settlement.</ref>
|pop_latest=191
|pop_latest_date=January 2016
|pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2016Est">Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://chukotstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/chukotstat/resources/c673f0004d0b2f9ba26ef74fc772e0bb/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2016+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.xlsx Численность постоянного населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
<!----HISTORY---->
|established_date=
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=
|current_cat_date_ref=
<!----MISCELLANEA---->
|postal_codes=689215
|postal_codes_ref=
|dialing_codes=42734
|dialing_codes_ref=<ref>[http://www.minjustmag.ru/iu.html Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207082157/http://www.minjustmag.ru/iu.html |date=2012-02-07 }} Iultinsky District {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
|website=
}}
'''Uelkal''' ({{langx|ru|Уэлькаль}}; [[Yupik language|Yupik]]: Валъӄалыӄ, lit. ''Whale Jaw''; [[Chukchi language|Chukchi]]: {{lang|ckt|Валӄалԓьан}}, ''Valḳalḷʼan'') is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|village]] (''[[village#Russia|selo]]'') in [[Iultinsky District]] of [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]], [[Russia]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=243}}<ref name="2010Note" /> a slight reduction on a 2003 estimate of 258, of whom 208 were indigenous people,<ref name="rcc" /> which itself showed a slight increase, up from 202 the previous year.<ref name="rcc" /> The village is located approximately {{convert|100|km|mi|-1|sp=us}} away from the administrative centre of [[Egvekinot]],<ref name="rcc">Red Cross of Chukotka. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071021125408/http://redcross-chukotka.ru/English/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=14 Iultinsky District] (Archived)</ref> at the western side of the mouth of [[Kresta Bay]]. Municipally, Uelkal is subordinated to Iultinsky Administrative District and incorporated as '''Uelkal Rural Settlement'''.<ref name="Law149" />

==Geography==
Uelkal is situated on the south side of Cape Annyualkal spit at the entrance to Kresta Bay, by the Bering Sea, 174&nbsp;km from the District centre [[Egvekinot]]. The village is the most western settlement in Russia in the western hemisphere and the most western Eskimo settlements in the world.

==History==
The village was founded in 1920 by settlers from Cape Chaplino. During World War II, this was the eastern stage on the [[ALSIB]] Uelkal-[[Krasnoyarsk]] route for US-made [[lend-lease]] warplanes to Russia.<ref>Strogoff, p.129</ref>  During the mid-1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency suspected that a major bomber staging base was being built at Uelkal capable of reaching United States,<ref>[http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000269429/DOC_0000269429.pdf Soviet Gross Capabilities for Attacks on the U.S. and Key Overseas Installations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531114324/http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000269429/DOC_0000269429.pdf |date=2012-05-31 }}, National Intelligence Estimate 11-7-55, Central Intelligence Agency, 1955.</ref> however the Soviets instead built the facility at [[Anadyr (town)|Anadyr]] [[Ugolny Airport]] {{convert|102|mi|km}} to the south and the Uelkal airfield fell into decline. Until the early 2000s near the village acted as tropospheric intermediate relay station number 20/103, part of the "North" link (call sign – "Kazan").<ref>[http://www.trrlsever.org/SEVER/UELKAL/uelkal.html ''Село Уэлькаль''] (''Uelkal Village'') trrlserver.org</ref> As of 2002, it had 258 inhabitants, of whom 202 were indigenous people,<ref name="rcc" /> though this has reduced significantly in the last decade, with 2014 estimates indicating a population of only 210.<ref name="2014Est">Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://chukotstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/chukotstat/resources/db819d80437f3da0b390f3dd898fc419/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2014+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.xlsx Численность постоянного населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2014 года] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

==Economy==
The village has a [[secondary school]], a medical assistant-midwife centre, a pharmacy, a communications centre, and a store.<ref name="rcc" /> The main sources of livelihood for the residents of this town are hunting [[pinniped|seal]]s, [[walrus]], and [[whale]]s, which is done as part of the municipal agricultural enterprise "Nanuk" ({{langx|ru|Нанук}}).<ref>[http://www.actinfo.ru/fishind/company/companycode=31055182 ''Отраслевой бизнес-справочник предприятий России'']{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }} ''Directory of Russian Industrial Companies'', actinfo.ru</ref> In the village there is a high school, a kindergarten, a local hospital, pharmacy, home culture, communication center and shop as well as a rural folk club, the Chukchi-Eskimo group "Imlya", youth groups "Kiyagnyk" (lit. "Life") and "Avsinahak" (lit. "pups").<ref>[https://archive.today/20130417042248/http://www.ks87.ru/site.xp/056050124055056051.html ''Екатерина Зиберт — Крайний Север, 11 декабря 2012 года''] Yekatarina Eibert, Karayny Sever, 11 December 2012</ref>

===Transport===
Uelkal is not connected to any other part of the world by road however, there is a small network of roads within the village including:<ref name="Pochtovik">[http://www.pochtovik.su/rosindex/87/87004000000.htm Pochtovik Mail Delivery Service] Iultinsky District {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

*улица Вальгиргина (Ulitsa Val′girgina)
*улица Набережная (Ulitsa Naberezhnaya, lit. ''Quay Street'')
*улица Тундровая (Ulitsa Tundrovnaya, lit. ''Tundra Street'')
*улица Центральная (Ulitsa Tsentralnaya, lit. ''Central Street'')

==Climate==
Uelkal has a Continental [[Subarctic climate|Subarctic]] or [[Boreal ecosystem|Boreal]] ([[taiga]]) climate (''Dfc'').<ref>McKnight and Hess, pp.232–5</ref>

{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location=Uelkal
|Jan record high C=2
|Feb record high C=7
|Mar record high C=5.9
|Apr record high C=10
|May record high C=17.5
|Jun record high C=26.2
|Jul record high C=25.7
|Aug record high C=25
|Sep record high C=20.6
|Oct record high C=8.9
|Nov record high C=7.2
|Dec record high C=6.3
|year record high C=26.2
|Jan high C=-16
|Feb high C=-13.4
|Mar high C=-12
|Apr high C=-6.3
|May high C=2.5
|Jun high C=10.1
|Jul high C=13.5
|Aug high C=12.6
|Sep high C=7.2
|Oct high C=-1
|Nov high C=-7.7
|Dec high C=-13.4
|year high C=-2
|Jan low C=-22.8
|Feb low C=-20.8
|Mar low C=-20
|Apr low C=-13.9
|May low C=-3.3
|Jun low C=2.7
|Jul low C=7.3
|Aug low C=6.9
|Sep low C=1.7
|Oct low C=-6
|Nov low C=-13.6
|Dec low C=-19.6
|year low C=-6.8
|Jan record low C=-46.1
|Feb record low C=-46.7
|Mar record low C=-40.6
|Apr record low C=-32.4
|May record low C=-23.5
|Jun record low C=-5.3
|Jul record low C=-1
|Aug record low C=-3
|Sep record low C=-10
|Oct record low C=-20.1
|Nov record low C=-30.7
|Dec record low C=-36.6
|year record low C=-46.1
|Jan rain mm=32.7
|Feb rain mm=29.6
|Mar rain mm=34.5
|Apr rain mm=23
|May rain mm=32.9
|Jun rain mm=44.8
|Jul rain mm=71
|Aug rain mm=83.7
|Sep rain mm=52.7
|Oct rain mm=52
|Nov rain mm=48.5
|Dec rain mm=23.3
|year rain mm=528.7
|Jan snow days=13
|Feb snow days=13
|Mar snow days=12
|Apr snow days=13
|May snow days=15
|Jun snow days=2
|Jul snow days=0
|Aug snow days=0
|Sep snow days=3
|Oct snow days=16
|Nov snow days=15
|Dec snow days=12
|year snow days=114
|source 1=<ref name="meoweather">{{Cite web |url=http://www.meoweather.com/history/Russian%20Federation/na/65.5333333/-179.2833333/Uelkal.html |title=Weather Averages for Uelkal from meoweather.com  |publisher=meoweather.com |access-date=October 8, 2012 }}</ref>
}}

==See also==
*[[Iultinsky District#inhabited localities|List of inhabited localities in Iultinsky District]]

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|2}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|adm|law}} {{in lang|ru}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|mun|list|Iultinsky}} {{in lang|ru}}
*{{cite book | author1=McKnight, Tom L | author2=Hess, Darrel | year=2000 | chapter=Climate Zones and Types | title=Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation | location=Upper Saddle River, NJ | publisher=Prentice Hall | isbn=0-13-020263-0 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn }}
*M Strogoff, P-C Brochet, and D. Auzias [https://books.google.com/books?id=ogRsocK2wBQC&dq=petit+fute+chukotka&pg=PA1 ''Petit Futé: Chukotka''] (2006). "Avant-Garde" Publishing House.

==External links==
*[http://forum.chukotken.ru/index.php?autocom=gallery&req=sc&cat=268 Uelkal photo gallery] {{in lang|ru}}

{{Chukotka Autonomous Okrug}}

[[Category:Rural localities in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]