View source for USS Philadelphia (C-4)

{{Short description|US naval vessel (1890–1902)}}
{{other ships|USS Philadelphia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = [[File:USS Philadelphia LOC det 4a13982.jpg|300px|USS Philadelphia]]
| Ship caption = Protected steel cruiser USS ''Philadelphia''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=
| Ship country=United States
| Ship flag={{USN flag|1926}}
| Ship name=''Philadelphia''
| Ship namesake=[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| Ship ordered=
| Ship builder=[[William Cramp & Sons]], [[Philadelphia]]
|Ship yard number=257
| Ship laid down=22 March 1888
| Ship launched=7 September 1889
| Ship acquired=
| Ship sponsor=Miss Minnie Wanamaker, daughter of merchant and philanthropist [[John Wanamaker]]
| Ship commissioned=28 July 1890
| Ship decommissioned=22 September 1902
| Ship notes=housed over as receiving ship 1904
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=yes
| Ship reclassified= [[Receiving ship]], 12 May 1904
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=yes
| Ship reclassified=  [[Prison ship]], 4 November 1912 
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=yes
| Ship reclassified= Receiving Ship, 19 January 1916 
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=yes
| Ship struck=24 November 1926
| Ship renamed=
| Ship reclassified=IX-24, 17 July 1920
| Ship homeport=
| Ship motto=
| Ship nickname=
| Ship honours=
| Ship identification=*[[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]: C-4
*[[Hull classification symbol#Temporary designations|Hull symbol]]: IX-24
| Ship fate=Sold, 1927
| Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header=
| Header caption=(as built)<ref name="ships14">{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXijAAAAMAAJ | title=Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels | publisher=US Naval Department | date=1 January 1914 | access-date=1 December 2015 | pages=142–145}}</ref><ref name="haze">{{cite web | url=http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/cruisers/cruiser1.htm | title=''Philadelphia'' protected cruiser | publisher=Hazegray.org | work=US Cruisers List: Protected Cruisers and Peace Cruisers | date=8 September 1996 | access-date=24 November 2015 | author=Toppan, Andrew}}</ref>
| Ship type= [[Protected cruiser]]
| Ship displacement=*{{convert|4324|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} (standard)
*{{convert|5304|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} (full load)
| Ship length=*{{convert|335|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[length overall|oa]]
*{{convert|327|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}[[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]
| Ship beam={{convert|48|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship draft=*{{convert|19|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} (mean draft)
*{{convert|23|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} (max draft)
| Ship power=*9 × [[steam boiler]]s
*2 × Horizontal [[Triple-expansion engines#Multiple expansion engines|triple-expansion steam engines]]
*{{convert|10500|ihp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}}
| Ship propulsion=
*2 × [[Propeller|screws]]
| Ship speed=*{{convert|19|kn|lk=in}}
*{{convert|19.91|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}} (speed on [[Sea trial|trial]])
| Ship range={{convert|6354|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn|abbr=on}}
| Ship complement=384 officers and enlisted
| Ship armament=*12 × [[6"/30 caliber gun|6-inch (152 mm)/30]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] [[breech-loading rifles]]
*4 × [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|6-pounder ({{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on}}) guns]]
*4 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|3-pounder ({{convert|47|mm|in|abbr=on}}) guns]]
*2 × [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom|1-pounder ({{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on}}) guns]]
*2 × [[.45-70|.45 caliber]] (11.4 mm) [[Gatling gun]]s
|Ship armor=*'''[[Gun shield]]s:''' {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*'''[[Main deck]]:''' {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*'''[[Conning tower|Conning Tower]]:''' {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
| Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header=
| Header caption=(1914)<ref name="ships14" /><ref name="haze" />
| Ship power=*9 × boilers
*{{convert|8688|ihp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}} (ihp on trials)
| Ship complement=187 enlisted men
| Ship armament= all armaments removed
| Ship notes= ship listed as "Unserviceable for War Purposes"
}}
|}

The fourth '''USS ''Philadelphia'' (C-4)''' (later '''IX-24''') was the sixth [[protected cruiser]] of the [[United States Navy]]. Although designed by the Navy Department, her hull was similar to the preceding British-designed {{USS|Baltimore|C-3|2}}, but ''Philadelphia'' had a uniform main armament of twelve 6-inch guns.<ref name=Conways1>Gardiner and Chesneau, p. 152</ref><ref name=Register1>Bauer and Roberts, p. 143</ref><ref name=Friedman1>Friedman, pp. 26–27, 460</ref>

She was laid down 22 March 1888 by [[William Cramp & Sons]], [[Philadelphia]], launched 7 September 1889, sponsored by Miss Minnie Wanamaker, daughter of merchant and philanthropist [[John Wanamaker]]; and commissioned 28 July 1890, Capt. [[Albert S. Barker]] in command.<ref name=DANFS1>{{cite DANFS |url= http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/p/philadelphia-iv.html |title= Philadelphia IV (C-4) |date= 20 August 2015 |access-date= 24 January 2016 }}</ref>

==Design and construction==

''Philadelphia'' was built to Navy Department plans, with twelve [[6"/30 caliber gun|6-inch (152 mm)/30]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] guns.<ref name=NavWeaps1>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_6-30_mk1.htm DiGiulian, Tony, US 6"/30, 6"/35, and 6"/40 guns at Navweaps.com]</ref> Two guns each were on the bow and stern, with the remainder in [[sponson]]s along the sides. Secondary armament was four [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|6-pounder ({{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on}}) guns]], four [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|3-pounder]] ({{convert|47|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}) [[Hotchkiss revolving cannon]], two 1-pounder ({{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on}}) Hotchkiss revolving cannon, and two [[.45-70|.45 caliber]] (11.4&nbsp;mm) [[Gatling gun]]s.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Friedman1/> Some of the weapons listed as Hotchkiss revolving cannon may actually have been [[quick-firing gun|rapid-firing guns]]. Four 14-inch (356&nbsp;mm) [[torpedo tube]]s were included in the design but never mounted.<ref name=Register1/>

References vary as to the ship's armor. ''Philadelphia'' probably had {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[gun shield]]s and a {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[conning tower]]. The armored deck was up to {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}} thick.<ref name=Conways1/>

The engineering plant included an unusual mix of boilers: four [[Scotch boiler|Scotch return-tube double-ended]], one single-ended, and four [[locomotive boiler]]s.<ref name=Friedman1/> These produced {{convert|160|psi|lk=on|abbr=on}} steam for two horizontal [[triple expansion engine]]s totaling {{convert|10500|ihp|lk=on|abbr=on}} (designed) for a designed speed of {{convert|19|kn|lk=in}}.<ref name=Friedman1/> This speed was attained on trials but the trial horsepower was only {{convert|8814|ihp|lk=on|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Friedman1/> As with other contemporary Navy Department designs, sails were fitted but soon removed. ''Philadelphia'' carried 525 tons of coal for a designed range of {{convert|6354|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Friedman1/>

The ship's 6-inch guns were converted to [[quick-firing gun|rapid-firing]] in 1898.<ref name=Register1/> All armament was removed when ''Philadelphia'' was converted into a receiving ship in 1904.<ref name=Register1/>

== Service history ==

=== Atlantic Squadron, 1890–1893 ===
While fitting out at the [[New York Navy Yard]], ''Philadelphia'' was designated on 18 August as [[flagship]] of [[Rear Admiral]] [[Bancroft Gherardi]], commanding the [[North Atlantic Squadron]]. The squadron departed New York on 19 January 1891 to cruise the [[West Indies]] for the protection of American interests until May. It was during this time Fred J. Buenzle had served aboard the ''Philadelphia'', as noted in ''Bluejacket; An Autobiography'', a part of the ''Classics of Naval Literature'' series. Then to the northern waters as far as [[City of Halifax|Halifax]], Nova Scotia. Early the following year, the flagship called at [[Montevideo]], Uruguay, 6–18 February, after which she resumed cruising in the West Indies.<ref name=DANFS1/>

[[File:USS Philadelphia (C-4).jpg|thumb|left|USS ''Philadelphia'' at sea]]
''Philadelphia'' continued operations with the Atlantic Squadron along the eastern seaboard of the United States and in the West Indies until 1 March 1893. She was then assigned to the [[Naval Review Fleet]] as flagship of Rear Admiral [[Bancroft Gherardi]]. Charged with conducting the [[Naval Review|International Rendezvous and Review]], with a fleet of twelve American ships, he received the visiting foreign ships as they commenced arrival in [[Hampton Roads]] on 8 April. The fleet steamed to New York 24 April, where it joined additional foreign visitors to form a combined fleet of 35 men-of-war. President [[Grover Cleveland]] reviewed the Fleet 27 April, after which appropriately festive ceremonies took place, initiating a parade through the streets of New York. The Naval Review Fleet disbanded 31 May and ''Philadelphia'' departed New York 30 June 1893, bound for the [[Pacific Squadron]] via [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil, and [[Callao]], Peru.<ref name=DANFS1/>

=== Pacific Station, 1893–1902 ===
[[File:Philadelphia-protected-steel-cruiser-Currier-Ives.jpeg|thumbnail|Painting of the ship c. 1893]]
''Philadelphia'' arrived San Francisco 22 August 1893. As the flagship of the Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station, she cruised with the squadron, engaging in drills and maneuvers, and visiting various ports on the west coast of the United States, Mexico, and South America, and in the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. She arrived at the [[Mare Island Navy Yard]] 14 October 1897 and decommissioned there 18 December.<ref name=DANFS1/>

''Philadelphia'' recommissioned 9 July 1898 and became the flagship of Rear Admiral [[Joseph N. Miller|J. N. Miller]], Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Station. She steamed from San Francisco 2 July to participate in the ceremonies attending the [[Territory of Hawaii#Annexation|assumption of sovereignty]] by the United States over the Hawaiian Islands. Flagship ''Philadelphia'' arrived [[Honolulu]] 3 August, and nine days hence her officers and those of the [[steam sloop]] {{USS|Mohican|1883|2}}, with a force under arms from the two warships, represented the US Navy at the ceremonies transferring the Hawaiian Islands to the United States.<ref name=DANFS1/>

In March 1899, with Commander-in-Chief Rear Admiral [[Albert Kautz]] embarked, ''Philadelphia'' steamed to the [[Samoan Islands]] for duty in connection with the settlement of [[Second Samoan Civil War|civil difficulties]] by the Samoan Commissioners of the United States, Great Britain, and Germany. A landing party from ''Philadelphia'' went ashore in the vicinity of [[Vailele]] 1 April to act in concert with a British landing party. The combined force, ambushed by adherents of [[Mata'afa Iosefo|Chief Mataafa]], sustained seven killed and seven wounded, including two American officers, Lieutenant [[Philip Lansdale]] and Ensign [[John R. Monaghan]], and two [[sailor]]s killed, including Seaman [[Norman Edsall]], and five bluejackets wounded. ''Philadelphia'' remained in the Samoan Islands until 21 May 1899, when she steamed for the west coast via Honolulu.<ref name=DANFS1/>

''Philadelphia'' served as flagship of the Pacific Station until 6 February 1900, when Rear Admiral Kautz transferred his flag to {{USS|Iowa|BB-4|3}}. The cruiser continued Pacific operations until 1902, conducting training cruises, drills, target practice, and port visits.<ref name=DANFS1/>

Returning from a six-month cruise off the Panamanian coast, ''Philadelphia'' arrived San Francisco 17 July 1902. Needing extensive repairs, she was ordered to the [[Puget Sound Navy Yard]] for decommissioning. Arriving [[Bremerton, Washington]] 23 August, she decommissioned at Puget Sound 22 September 1902.<ref name=DANFS1/>

=== Receiving ship, 1904–1926 ===
''Philadelphia'' was housed over and became a [[receiving ship]] at Puget Sound Navy Yard 12 May 1904. She continued this service until 4 November 1912, when she became a [[prison ship]]. Resuming service as a receiving ship 10 January 1916, she was redesignated with the [[hull classification symbol|hull number]] '''IX-24''' (unclassified miscellaneous) on 17 July 1920.<ref name=Register1/> She was struck from the [[Navy List]] on 24 November 1926.<ref name=DANFS1/>

Cruiser ''Philadelphia'' was sold at [[public auction]] at the Puget Sound Navy Yard in 1927 to [[Louis Rotherberg]].<ref name=DANFS1/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/p/philadelphia-iv.html}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | last = Bauer | first = K. Jack | author-link = K. Jack Bauer | author2=Roberts, Stephen S. | title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 1991 | location = [[Westport, Connecticut]] | isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}
* {{cite book | last = Buenzle | first = Fred J. | title = Bluejacket: An Autobiography | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 1986 | location = Annapolis | isbn = 0-870-21190-0 }} 
*Burr, Lawrence. ''US Cruisers 1883–1904: The Birth of the Steel Navy.'' Oxford : Osprey, 2008. {{ISBN|1-84603-267-9}} {{ OCLC |488657946}}
* {{cite book |last=Friedman| first=Norman |author-link= Norman Friedman |title=U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History |publisher=Naval Institute Press | year=1984 | location=[[Annapolis, Maryland]] | isbn=0-87021-718-6}}
* {{cite book | last = Gardiner | first = Robert | author2 = Chesneau, Roger | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905 | publisher = Mayflower Books | year = 1979 | location = New York | url = https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2 | isbn = 0-8317-0302-4 | url-access = registration }}
*''The White Squadron''. Toledo, Ohio: Woolson Spice Co., 1891. {{OCLC|45112425}}
*United States. [https://books.google.com/books/about/Hand_Book_of_the_U_S_S_Philadelphia.html?id=7n3eGwAACAAJ ''Hand Book of the U.S.S. Philadelphia.''] [Place of publication not identified]: U.S.S. Philadelphia, 1892. {{ OCLC | 44574766}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Wright|first1=C. C.|year=2004|title=Question 55/02: USS Philadelphia (C-4)|journal=Warship International|volume=XLI|issue=1|pages=18–19 |issn=0043-0374}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=C. C. |title=Question 55/02: USS Philadelphia (C-4) |journal=Warship International|date=2004|volume=XLI|issue=2|pages=115–121 |issn=0043-0374}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Wright|first1=C. C.|title=Question 55/02: USS Philadelphia (C-4) |journal=Warship International |date=2003|volume=XL|issue=4|pages=300–301 |issn=0043-0374}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|USS Philadelphia (C-4)}}
* {{navsource|04/c4/c4|USS Philadelphia}}
* [https://www.history.navy.mil/search.html?q=%22uss+philadelphia%22+c-4&category=%2Fcontent%2Fhistory%2Fnhhc%2Four-collections USS ''Philadelphia'' (C-4) photos at Naval History & Heritage Command]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/c-4.htm Globalsecurity.org]
* [https://www.usna.edu/Library/sca/man-findingaids/MS_112.EAD.xml Watch-, Quarter-, and Station-Bill of the U.S.S. ''Philadelphia'', 1892-1894, MS 112] held by Special Collections & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philadelphia (C-4)}}
[[Category:Cruisers of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Spanish–American War cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:Protected cruisers of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built by William Cramp & Sons]]
[[Category:1889 ships]]