View source for UR-100

{{Short description|Soviet ICBM}}
{{More citations needed |November 2022|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox weapon
|is_missile=yes
|name = UR-100<br><small>SS-11 Sego</small>
| image = 15A20 - RS-10 - SS-11 mod.2 Sego ICBM in 15Ya42 transport launching container at Park Patriot 02.jpg
|type = [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|ICBM]]
|vehicle_range = 10,600 km
|filling = 1
|yield = 1&nbsp;Mt by NII-1011, Chelyabinsk-70
|engine = two-stage liquid fuel
#first stage 8S816 with a 15D2 module (three [[RD-0216]] and one [[RD-0217]] engines)
#second stage 8S817 with one 15D13 main and one four-nozzle 15D14 (RK-3) engines)
|guidance = inertial
|accuracy = 1000–1400&nbsp;metres [[Circular error probable|CEP]]
|speed =
|length = 16,930&nbsp;mm
|diameter = 2,000&nbsp;mm
|weight = 41.4-42.3&nbsp;tonnes
|payload_capacity =
|manufacturer = design by [[OKB-52]] of [[Vladimir Chelomei|V.N.Chelomey]], production by [[Khrunichev|Khrunichev Machine-Building Plant]], [[Omsk]] aviation facility №166 "Polyot", [[Orenburg]] aviation facility №47 "Strela"
|unit_cost =
|service = 21 July 1967 (document №705-235)&ndash;1974
|used_by = [[Soviet Union]]
}}

The '''UR-100''' ({{langx|ru|УР-100}}) was an [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] (ICBM) developed and deployed by the [[Soviet Union]] from 1966 to 1996. '''UR''' ({{lang|ru|УР}}) in its designation stood for [[Universal Rocket]] ({{langx|ru|links=no|Универсальная Ракета}}). It was known during the [[Cold War]] by the [[NATO reporting name]] '''SS-11 [[Calochortus nuttallii|Sego]]''' and internally by the [[GRAU]] index '''8K84'''. The [[Strela rocket|Strela]] and [[Rokot]] carrier rockets were based on it.

The similar designation ''UR-100MR'' ({{langx|ru|links=no|УР-100МР}}) actually refers to an entirely different missile, the [[SS-17 Spanker|MR-UR-100 Sotka (SS-17 Spanker)]].

== Description ==
The UR-100 was a two-stage liquid-propellant lightweight ICBM. Initial versions carried a single warhead of 0.5 to 1.1&nbsp;Mt [[Nuclear weapon yield|yield]], while later versions could carry three or six [[MIRV]] warheads. The missile was silo-launched. 15P784 silo design (by KBOM, ''Design Bureau of Common Machinery'', of V.P.Barmin) was greatly simplified in comparison to earlier missiles. Facilities consisted of hardened, unstaffed silos controlled by a single central command post. This was the first soviet ICBM (8K84M, entered service on 3 October 1971) equipped with missile defense countermeasure "Palma" by NII-108 of V.Gerasimenko.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

=== Variants and developments ===
* UR-100 with 8K84 missile &mdash; original development{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
* UR-100 with 8K84M missile &mdash; improved variant{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
* [[UR-100N]] with 15A30 missile &mdash; enlarged UR-100. This variant is the basis of the [[Rokot]] space launch system.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
* UR-100N UTTH with 15A35 missile &mdash; improved UR-100N <small>(The "UTTH" (or "UTTKh") abbreviated suffix is often used in missile names. This means literally "improved tactical and technical characteristics", [[Russian language|Russian]]: УТТХ = '''у'''лучшенные '''т'''актико-'''т'''ехнические '''х'''арактеристики)</small>
* [[MR-UR-100 Sotka|UR-100MR]] 15P015 with 15A15 missile &mdash; a different missile to replace the original UR-100{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

[[File:SS-11 ballistic missile in container on trailer.jpg|border|right|340px]]

== Operational history ==
; {{USSR}}: The UR-100 reached initial operational capability with the [[Strategic Rocket Forces]] in 1966, and by 1972, 990 launchers had been deployed. An additional 420 launchers of newer version missiles were added by 1976. The missile was deployed as a counterpart to the United States' [[LGM-30 Minuteman]], and relied on numbers for effectiveness. Original versions were phased out during the 1970s, but 326 of the newer missiles (8K84M, UR-100N, UR-100NUTTH) remained in service by 1991. These were phased out completely by 1996. [[Strategic Rocket Forces]] was the only operator of the UR-100.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
Formations included:
* 4th Rocket Division (Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast) ([[53rd Rocket Army]])

===As a space launcher===
The [[Strela rocket|Strela]] and [[Rokot]] carrier rockets are based on the UR-100.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.russianspaceweb.com/strela.html |title=Strela launcher |access-date=25 October 2024 |archive-date=14 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214114431/https://www.russianspaceweb.com/strela.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of missiles]]
* [[List of orbital launch systems|List of rockets]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{more footnotes|date=December 2014}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060510203229/http://www.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/8k84/8k84.shtml 8K84] {{in lang|ru}}

{{Commons category|UR-100}}

{{Universal Rocket}}
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|SSM}}
{{Russian and Soviet military designation sequences}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

[[Category:Cold War intercontinental ballistic missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Universal Rocket (rocket family)]]
[[Category:Intercontinental ballistic missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:NPO Mashinostroyeniya products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]
[[Category:1966 establishments]]


{{Missile-stub}}
{{Russia-mil-stub}}