View source for UEFA Euro 1996

{{EngvarB|date=November 2020}}
{{Short description|10th European association football championship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox international football competition
| tourney_name = UEFA Euro 96
| other_titles =  1996 UEFA European Football Championship<br>England 96 
| image = UEFA Euro 1996 logo.svg
| caption = ''Football Comes Home''
| size = 160px
| country = England
| dates = 8–30 June
| num_teams = 16
| venues = 8
| cities = 8
| champion = GER
| count = 3
| second = CZE
| matches = 31
| goals = 64
| attendance = 1275857
| top_scorer = {{fbicon|ENG}} [[Alan Shearer]] {{nowrap|(5 goals)}}
| player = {{fbicon|GER}} [[Matthias Sammer]]
| prevseason = [[UEFA Euro 1992|1992]]
| nextseason = [[UEFA Euro 2000|2000]]
}}
The '''1996 UEFA European Football Championship''', commonly referred to as '''Euro 96''', was the 10th [[UEFA European Championship]], a quadrennial [[Association football|football]] tournament contested by European nations and organised by [[UEFA]]. It took place in [[England]] from 8 to 30 June 1996. It was the first European Championship to feature 16 finalists, following UEFA's decision to expand the tournament from eight teams.

Matches were staged in eight cities and, although not all games were sold out, the tournament holds the European Championship's second-highest aggregate attendance (1,276,000) and average per game (41,158) for the 16-team format,<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Bevan |title=Euro 1996: When football came home |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/18077057 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=17 May 2012}}</ref> surpassed only in [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]].<ref name=2012crowds>{{cite news|title=Euro 2012 Shatters Attendance Record|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Global/Issues/2012/07/03/International-Football/Attendance.aspx|access-date=21 June 2014|work=Sports Business Daily|date=3 July 2012}}</ref> 

The tournament was the first European Championship where [[Three points for a win|three points were awarded for a win]] during the qualification and finals group stages, as opposed to the old system of two points for a win, reflecting the growing use of this system in domestic leagues throughout the world during the previous decade.

[[Germany national football team|Germany]] won the tournament, beating the [[Czech Republic national football team|Czech Republic]] 2–1 in the final with a [[Golden goal#Association football|golden goal]] from [[Oliver Bierhoff]] during extra time; this was the first major competition to be decided using this method. This was also Germany's first major title won as a [[German reunification|unified nation]], adding to the two European Championship titles won by West Germany prior to reunification. It's the most recent men's Euros that a non-Iberian or Mediterranean team won.

==Bid process==
At the time of the bidding process, it had not yet been confirmed that 16 teams would be participating. Instead, the bids were largely prepared as if hosting an eight-team tournament, meaning only four venues were due to be required.<ref>{{cite news |title=England wait ends in 1996|date=9 June 1992|work=The Times |location=London |first=Clive|last=White}}</ref> All candidates had to submit their plans by 10 December 1991.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rivals to be given extra time|date=4 December 1991|work=The Times |location=London|first=Stuart |last=Jones}}</ref>

The hosting of the event was contested by five bids: Austria, England, Greece, the Netherlands and Portugal. The English bid was selected by the UEFA Executive Committee at a meeting in [[Lisbon]] on 5 May 1992.<ref name="Bid decision">{{cite news |title=England will host 1996 Championship|date=5 May 1992|work=The Times |location=London |first=Stuart |last=Jones}}</ref> In the year preceding the decision, the [[The Football Association|English FA]] had dropped plans to also [[1998 FIFA World Cup#Host selection|bid for the 1998 World Cup]] in order to gain the support of other UEFA members who were planning to bid for that event.<ref name="Bid decision" />

==Summary==

===Group matches===
The hosts, England, drew 1–1 with [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]] in the opening match of Group A when [[Alan Shearer]]'s 23rd-minute goal was cancelled out by a late [[Kubilay Türkyilmaz]] penalty kick.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shearer bliss, sheer agony |first=Ian |last=Ridley |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/shearer-bliss-sheer-agony-1336262.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=9 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref> England defeated rivals Scotland 2–0 in their next game, and then produced one of their finest performances ever with a 4–1 win over the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news |title=England's night of rapture |first=Glenn |last=Moore |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/englands-night-of-rapture-1337711.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=19 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref> [[Patrick Kluivert]]'s late goal for the Netherlands secured his team second place in the group and ensured that Scotland would exit another major competition on goals scored.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kluivert's late strike sinks Scotland |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/kluiverts-late-strike-sinks-scotland-1337712.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=19 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref>

[[File:Scotland-holland euro 96.jpg|thumb|left|A [[UEFA Euro 1996#Group A|Group A]] game between [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] and the [[Netherlands national football team|Netherlands]] at [[Villa Park]]]]

Group B had Western European France and Spain, along with Balkan World Cup participants Romania and Bulgaria. France and Spain dominated the group,<ref>{{cite news |title=Dugarry makes the difference |first=Guy |last=Hodgson |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/dugarry-makes-the-difference-1336565.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=11 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Euro '96: Clemente short of firepower |first=Guy |last=Hodgson |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/euro-96-clemente-short-of-firepower-1337468.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=17 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref> with France avenging Bulgaria for the 1994 qualification debacle,<ref>{{cite news |title=France banish the ghost of Bulgaria to reach last eight |first=Guy |last=Hodgson |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/france-banish-the-ghost-of-bulgaria-to-reach-last-eight-1337741.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=19 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref> and World Cup quarter-finalists Romania going home,<ref>{{cite news |title=Spanish eyes are smiling for Amor |first=Jon |last=Culley |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/spanish-eyes-are-smiling-for-amor-1337742.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=19 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref> with no points and only one goal scored.

Groups C and D saw the Czech Republic and Croatia, whose national teams had only recently come into existence, qualify for the knockout stage. The Czechs lost to Germany, the eventual group winners, in their opener, but then defeated Italy and drew with Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Italians left on the brink of disaster |first=Guy |last=Hodgson |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/italians-left-on-the-brink-of-disaster-1337224.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=15 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Smicer strike takes Czechs through |first=Phil |last=Shaw |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/smicer-strike-takes-czechs-through-1337980.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=20 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref> Italy's defeat meant they had to beat Germany in their final game to progress, but the [[1994 FIFA World Cup|World Cup finalists]] could only manage a 0–0 draw and were eliminated.<ref>{{cite news |title=Passion play not enough to save Italy |first=Glenn |last=Moore |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/passion-play-not-enough-to-save-italy-1337979.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=20 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref> In Group D, Croatia qualified for the quarter-finals, with wins over Turkey (1–0) and Denmark (3–0).<ref>{{cite news |title=Euro '96: Suker sinks Denmark |first=Phil |last=Shaw |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/euro-96-suker-sinks-denmark-1337465.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=17 June 1996 |access-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref> The loss to the Croats ultimately sent the Danes, the surprise champions of [[UEFA Euro 1992|1992]], home. Turkey became the first team since the introduction of a group stage to be eliminated without gaining a point or scoring a goal.

The other three quarter-finalists were Portugal (whose "[[Golden Generation]]" was competing at its first major tournament), Spain, and a France team featuring a young [[Zinedine Zidane]].

===Quarter-finals and semi-finals===
The knockout stage was characterised by negative, defensive play; as a result, only nine goals were scored in the seven games and four of the matches were decided on penalties. The first quarter-final between the hosts and Spain ended goalless, after Spain had two goals disallowed and two claims for a penalty denied.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/feature?id=530724&cc=4716 |title=Euro '96 |publisher=ESPNSoccernet |access-date=10 June 2012 |first=John |last=Brewin |date=1 May 2008 |archive-date=16 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016144922/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/feature?id=530724&cc=4716 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The English progressed 4–2 on spot kicks.<ref name="esp-eng report"/> France and Netherlands also played out a 0–0 draw, with France winning the penalty shootout 5–4.<ref name="fra-ned report"/> [[Jürgen Klinsmann]] opened the scoring for Germany in their match against Croatia. A goal from [[Davor Šuker]] evened the score after 51 minutes, before [[Matthias Sammer]] of Germany scored eight minutes later, and the game ended 2–1 to Germany.<ref name="ger-cro report"/> Czech Republic progressed after beating Portugal 1–0.<ref name="cze-por report">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Culley |title=Poborsky piques Portugal |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/poborsky-piques-portugal-1338497.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=24 June 1996 |access-date=20 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Poborsky rides Euro express |first=Rupert |last=Metcalf |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/poborsky-rides-euro-express-1338763.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print |date=25 June 1996 |access-date=19 June 2012 }}</ref>

[[File:Wembley Twin Towers.jpg|thumb|The view of [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]] from [[Olympic Way|Wembley Way]] before the semi-final between [[Germany national football team|Germany]] and [[England national football team|England]]]]

The first semi-final, featuring France and Czech Republic, resulted in another 0–0 draw and penalties. [[Reynald Pedros]] was the one player to miss in the shootout, as Czech Republic won the penalty shoot-out 6–5.<ref name="fra-cze report"/> The other semi-final was a repeat of the 1990 World Cup semi-final between Germany and England. Alan Shearer headed in after three minutes to give his side the lead, but [[Stefan Kuntz]] evened the score less than 15 minutes later, and the score remained 1–1 after 90 minutes. In extra time, [[Paul Gascoigne]] came very close to scoring a golden goal, but fractionally missed a cross from Shearer in front of the empty goal, [[Darren Anderton]] hit the post, and Kuntz had a goal disallowed for pushing. Neither team was able to find a second goal. In penalties, both sides scored their first five kicks, but in the sixth round, [[Gareth Southgate]] had his penalty saved, allowing [[Andreas Möller]] to score the winning goal.<ref name="ger-eng report"/>

===Final match===
The final saw the Czech Republic hoping to repeat [[UEFA Euro 1976|Euro 1976]] when Czechoslovakia defeated West Germany; the Germans were aiming to win their third European Championship. [[Patrik Berger]] scored from a penalty in 59th minute to put the Czechs ahead. German substitute [[Oliver Bierhoff]] scored in the 73rd minute to make it 1–1. Five minutes into extra time, Bierhoff's shot was mishandled by Czech goalkeeper Kouba and the ball ended up in the back of the net for the first [[golden goal]] in the history of the competition.<ref name="cze-ger report">{{cite news |title=Vogts' triumph over adversity |first=Ken |last=Jones |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/vogts-triumph-over-adversity-1326840.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Print Limited |date=1 July 1996 |accessdate=19 June 2012 }}</ref> Germany were European champions again, but for the first time as a unified country.

==Qualification==
{{main|UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying}}
On 30 November 1992, UEFA formally decided to expand the tournament to sixteen teams.<ref>{{cite news |title=UEFA has change of heart|date=1 December 1992|work=The Times |location=London |first=Stuart |last=Jones}}</ref> UEFA cited the increased number of international teams following the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and of [[Yugoslavia]] – rising from 33 UEFA members in 1988 to 48 by 1994 – as a driving factor behind the expansion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Championship field likely to be doubled|date=13 November 1992|work=The Times |location=London |first=Stuart |last=Jones}}</ref> 47 teams eventually entered to compete for the fifteen remaining places in the finals, alongside hosts England.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manchester's grief puts draw under cloud|date=22 January 1994|work=The Times |location=London |first=Rob |last=Hughes}}</ref>

The draw for the qualifying competition took place in [[Manchester]] on 22 January 1994.<ref name="Qualifying draw">{{cite news |title=Comfort for England in playing host to Europe|date=24 January 1994|work=The Times |location=London |first=Rob |last=Hughes}}</ref> The teams were divided into eight groups, each containing either six or five teams. The qualifying process began in April 1994 and concluded in December 1995. At the end of the qualifying group stage in November 1995, the eight group winners qualified automatically, along with the six highest-ranked second-placed teams. The remaining two second-placed teams, the [[Netherlands national football team|Netherlands]] and the [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]], contested a [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying play-off|one-off play-off match]] in England to decide the final qualifier.

===Qualified teams===
With the extended format, three teams qualified for their first European Championship: [[Bulgaria national football team|Bulgaria]], [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]], and [[Turkey national football team|Turkey]]. [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]], the [[Czech Republic national football team|Czech Republic]], and [[Russia national football team|Russia]] competed independently for the first time since the dissolution of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union respectively (although the Russian team is considered by FIFA to be the direct descendant of the [[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union]] and [[CIS national football team|CIS]] teams that had appeared in six past tournaments and the Czech team is the descendant of the [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]] team). Seven of the eight participants at the previous tournament in 1992 were again present, with only [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]] – despite also having finished third in the World Cup two years earlier – missing out. Italy and Spain qualified after missing out Euro 1992 and Romania and Portugal after 12 years.

The following sixteen teams qualified for the finals:

{{:UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying}}

===Final draw===
The draw for the final tournament took place on 17 December 1995 at the [[ICC Birmingham|International Convention Centre]] in [[Birmingham]].<ref name="Final draw">{{cite web |last=Moore |first=Glenn |date=16 December 1995 |title=England may draw Scotland |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/england-may-draw-scotland-1526027.html |work=The Independent}}</ref> Only four teams were seeded: [[England national football team|England]] (as hosts), [[Denmark national football team|Denmark]] (as holders), [[Spain men's national football team|Spain]] and [[Germany national football team|Germany]] (as the two highest ranked teams). The remaining twelve teams were all unseeded and could be drawn in any group.<ref name="Final draw" />

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=150|Pot 1: Seeded teams
!width=450 colspan=3|Pot 2: Unseeded teams
|-
|bgcolor=#ccffcc| {{nowrap|{{fb|ENG}} <small>(hosts)</small>{{efn|Hosts England were automatically assigned to group position A1.}}}} || {{fb|BUL}} || {{fb|ITA}} || {{fb|RUS}}
|-
|bgcolor=#ccffcc| {{nowrap|{{fb|DEN}} <small>(holders)</small>{{efn|Defending champions Denmark were automatically assigned to Pot 1, and could be drawn into group position B1, C1 or D1.}}}} || {{fb|CRO}} || {{fb|NED}} || {{fb|SCO}}
|-
| {{fb|GER}} || {{fb|CZE}} || {{fb|POR}} || {{fb|SUI}}
|-
| {{fb|ESP}} || {{fb|FRA|1974}} || {{fb|ROU}} || {{fb|TUR}}
|}
{{legend|#ccffcc|Automatically selected as a top-seeded team into pot 1, irrespective of their ranking position.}}
{{notelist}}

'''Draw procedure:'''<ref name="Final draw" />
# The unseeded teams were first drawn one by one without being revealed from Pot 2, and placed consecutively into four group bowls labelled I to IV. The teams drawn first, fifth and ninth were put into the Group I bowl; second, sixth and tenth were put into the Group II bowl; third, seventh and eleventh were put into the Group III bowl; and fourth, eighth and twelfth were put into the Group IV bowl.
# The team drawn first from each group bowl was placed into position 4 in their group; the team drawn second in position 3; and the team drawn third in position 2. 
# Finally, the four top-seeded teams were drawn from the separate Pot 1 bowl, and placed consecutively into position 1 of each group bowl. 
# Although it was decreed in advance ahead of the draw, that England's group would be Group A (irrespective of their drawn group label), the remaining three groups then consecutively had the three remaining letters (B, C and D) drawn from yet another bowl to decide the letter name of their group, which also determined what venues they would play at.

The balls were drawn by UEFA figures [[Gerhard Aigner]] and [[Lennart Johansson]].<ref name="Final draw" />

The draw resulted in the following groups:<ref>{{cite news |title=Lot Oranje last voor fans |trans-title=Oranje draw burden for fans |url=https://krantenbankzeeland.nl/issue/stm/1995-12-18/edition/null/page/11 |work=[[BN DeStem|De Stem]] |location=[[Breda]] |date=18 December 1995 |access-date=20 November 2017 |language=nl}}</ref>

{|
|- valign=top
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ [[#Group A|Group A]]
|-
!width=120|Team
|-
| align=center| {{fb|ENG}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|SUI}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|NED}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|SCO}}
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ [[#Group B|Group B]]
|-
!width=120|Team
|-
| align=center| {{fb|ESP}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|BUL}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|ROU}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|FRA|1974}}
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ [[#Group C|Group C]]
|-
!width=120|Team
|-
| align=center| {{fb|GER}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|CZE}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|ITA}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|RUS}}
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ [[#Group D|Group D]]
|-
!width=120|Team
|-
| align=center| {{fb|DEN}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|POR}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|TUR}}
|-
| align=center| {{fb|CRO}}
|}
|}

==Venues==
Since the implementation of the [[Taylor Report]] in 1990, following the 1989 Hillsborough stadium disaster, England now had enough all-seater stadia of sufficient capacity to hold an expanded tournament due to the necessary stadium refurbishment by its leading clubs. The stadium capacities listed in the table are for the time of the tournament.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="8" colspan="2" | {{Location map+|England|float=center|width=410|caption=|places=
{{Location map~|England|lat=51.555556|long=-0.279722|label=[[London]]|position=top}}
{{Location map~|England|lat=53.463056|long=-2.291389|label=[[Manchester]]|position=top}}
{{Location map~|England|lat=53.430828|long=-2.960847|label=[[Liverpool]]|position=left}}
{{Location map~|England|lat=52.509122|long=-1.884808|label=[[Birmingham]]|position=right}}
{{Location map~|England|lat=53.777778|long=-1.572222|label=[[Leeds]]|position=right}}
{{Location map~|England|lat=53.411389|long=-1.500556|label=[[Sheffield]]|position=right}}
{{Location map~|England|lat=52.939912|long=-1.132882|label=[[Nottingham]]|position=right}}
{{Location map~|England|lat=54.975556|long=-1.621667|label=[[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]|position=right}}}}
! [[London]]
! [[Manchester]]
|-
| [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]]
| [[Old Trafford]]
|-
| Capacity: '''76,567'''
| Capacity: '''55,000'''
|-
| [[File:The Charity Shield of 1974 at Wembley - geograph.org.uk - 620498.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Old Trafford march 1992.JPG|200px]]
|-
! [[Liverpool]]
! [[Birmingham]]
|-
| [[Anfield]]
| [[Villa Park]]
|-
| Capacity: '''42,730'''
| Capacity: '''40,310'''
|-
| [[File:View of inside Anfield Stadium from Anfield Road Stand.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Villa Park.jpg|200px]]
|-
! [[Leeds]]
! [[Sheffield]]
! [[Nottingham]]
! [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]
|-
| [[Elland Road]]
| [[Hillsborough Stadium|Hillsborough]]
| [[City Ground]]
| [[St James' Park]]
|-
| Capacity: '''40,204'''
| Capacity: '''39,859'''
| Capacity: '''30,539'''
| Capacity: '''36,649'''
|-
| [[File:Ellandrd.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Sheffield wednesday hillsborough stadium.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:City Ground, Nottingham - geograph.org.uk - 83567.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Bulgaria Romania Euro 96 A.jpg|200px]]
|}

==Squads==
{{main|UEFA Euro 1996 squads}}

Each national team had to submit a squad of 22 players, three of whom must be goalkeepers.

==Finals format==
To accommodate the expansion from an 8-team finals tournament to 16 teams, the format was changed from that used in 1992 with the addition of two extra groups in the group stage, and an extra round in the knockout phases. The four groups (A to D) still contained four teams each, with the top two from each group still going through to the knockout phase. 8 teams then went into the new quarter-finals, ahead of the usual semi-finals and final, with 8 teams going out at the group stage. The format is exactly the one which was applied to the [[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]], [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]], [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]] and [[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970 World Cup]]s, except for the absence of a third place play-off.

==Match ball==
{{main|Adidas Questra}}
A custom version of the [[Adidas Questra]], the ''Questra Europa'', was the official match ball of the championships. The design of the ball included a reworking of the England badge, and was the first coloured ball in a major football tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soccerballworld.com/Questra-Europa1996.htm |title=The Official UEFA European Championship 1996 Tournament Match ball |publisher=SoccerBallWorld.com |date=22 January 2004}}</ref>

==Match officials==
Match officials are listed in the two collapsed tables below.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! Referee
! colspan="2"| Assistants
! Fourth official
! Matches refereed
|-
| {{fba|AUT}}
| [[Gerd Grabher]]
| Egon Bereuter
| Manfred Zeiszer
| [[Günter Benkö]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group A#Netherlands vs England|Netherlands 1–4 England]]
|-
| {{fba|BLR|1995}}
| [[Vadim Zhuk]]
| Yuri Dupanov
| Aleh Chykun
| Kazimir Znaydinsky
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group B#France vs Spain|France 1–1 Spain]]
|-
| {{fba|BEL}}
| [[Guy Goethals]]
| Marc Van den Broeck
| Stany Op de Beeck
| [[Michel Piraux]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group C#Italy vs Germany|Italy 0–0 Germany]]
|-
| {{fba|BUL}}
| [[Atanas Uzunov]]
| Ivan Borissov Lekov
| Iordan Iordanov
| Stefan Ormandjiev
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group A#Switzerland vs Netherlands|Switzerland 0–0 Netherlands]]
|-
| {{fba|CZE}}
| [[Václav Krondl]]
| Milan Brabec
| Otakar Draštík
| Jiří Ulrich
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group A#Scotland vs Switzerland|Scotland 1–0 Switzerland]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{fba|DEN}}
| [[Peter Mikkelsen (referee)|Peter Mikkelsen]]
| Jens Larsen
| Henning Knudsen
| [[Knud Erik Fisker]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group B#Bulgaria vs Romania|Bulgaria 1–0 Romania]]
|-
| [[Kim Milton Nielsen]]
| Carl-Johan Christensen Meyer
| Torben Siersen
| Lars Gerner
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group C#Russia vs Germany|Russia 0–3 Germany]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{fba|ENG}}
| [[David Elleray]]
| [[Anthony Bates]]
| [[Peter Walton (referee)|Peter Walton]]
| [[Stephen Lodge (referee)|Stephen Lodge]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group C#Germany vs Czech Republic|Germany 2–0 Czech Republic]]
|-
| [[Dermot Gallagher]]
| [[Phil Joslin (referee)|Phil Joslin]]
| [[Mark Warren (referee)|Mark Warren]]
| [[Paul Durkin]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group B#France vs Bulgaria|France 3–1 Bulgaria]]
|-
| {{fba|FRA|1974}}
| [[Marc Batta]]
| Pierre Ufrasi
| Jacques Mas
| [[Alain Sars]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group D#Croatia vs Denmark|Croatia 3–0 Denmark]]<br />[[UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage#Spain vs England|Spain 0–0 England (Quarter-final)]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{fba|GER}}
| [[Bernd Heynemann]]
| Hans Wolf
| Harald Sather
| [[Hartmut Strampe]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group D#Croatia vs Portugal|Croatia 0–3 Portugal]]
|-
| [[Hellmut Krug]]
| Klaus Plettenberg
| Egbert Engler
| [[Hermann Albrecht]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group B#Romania vs France|Romania 0–1 France]]<br />[[UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage#Czech Republic vs Portugal|Czech Republic 1–0 Portugal]]
|-
| {{fba|HUN}}
| [[Sándor Puhl]]
| László Hamar
| Imre Bozóky
| Sándor Piller
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group D#Portugal vs Turkey|Portugal 1–0 Turkey]]<br />[[UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage#Germany vs England|Germany 1–1 England (Semi-final)]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{fba|ITA}}
| [[Piero Ceccarini]]
| Enrico Preziosi
| Fabrizio Zanforlin
| [[Alfredo Trentalange]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group B#Spain vs Bulgaria|Spain 1–1 Bulgaria]]
|-
| [[Pierluigi Pairetto]]
| Donato Nicoletti
| Tullio Manfredini
| Marcello Nicchi
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group A#Scotland vs England|Scotland 0–2 England]]<br />[[UEFA Euro 1996 Final|Czech Republic 1–2 Germany (Final)]]
|-
| {{fba|NED}}
| [[Mario van der Ende]]
| Jan Dolstra
| Berend Talens
| [[René Temmink]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group D#Denmark vs Portugal|Denmark 1–1 Portugal]]
|-
| {{fba|RUS}}
| [[Nikolai Levnikov]]
| Serguei Foursa
| Sergei Frantsuzov
| [[Sergei Khusainov]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group D#Turkey vs Denmark|Turkey 0–3 Denmark]]
|-
| {{fba|SCO}}
| [[Leslie Mottram]]
| Robert Orr
| John Fleming
| [[Hugh Dallas]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group C#Italy vs Russia|Italy 2–1 Russia]]<br />[[UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage#France vs Czech Republic|France 0–0 Czech Republic (Semi-final)]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{fba|ESP}}
| [[Manuel Díaz Vega]]
| Joaquín Olmos González
| Fernando Tresaco Gracia
| [[José María García-Aranda]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group A#England vs Switzerland|England 1–1 Switzerland]]
|-
| [[Antonio López Nieto]]
| Victoriano Giráldez Carrasco
| Manuel López Fernández
| Juan Ansuátegui Roca
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group C#Czech Republic vs Italy|Czech Republic 2–1 Italy]]<br />[[UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage#France vs Netherlands|France 0–0 Netherlands (Quarter-final)]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{fba|SWE}}
| [[Anders Frisk]]
| Mikael Nilsson
| Sten Samuelsson
| Morgan Norman
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group C#Russia vs Czech Republic|Russia 3–3 Czech Republic]]
|-
| [[Leif Sundell]]
| Kenneth Petersson
| Mikael Hansson
| [[Karl-Erik Nilsson (referee)|Karl-Erik Nilsson]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group A#Netherlands vs Scotland|Netherlands 0–0 Scotland]]<br />[[UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage#Germany vs Croatia|Germany 2–1 Croatia (Quarter-final)]]
|-
| {{fba|SUI}}
| [[Serge Muhmenthaler]]
| Ernst Felder
| Martin Freiburghaus
| [[Urs Meier]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group D#Turkey vs Croatia|Turkey 0–1 Croatia]]
|-
| {{fba|TUR}}
| [[Ahmet Çakar]]
| Akif Uğurdur
| Turgay Güdü
| [[Oğuz Sarvan]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group B#Romania vs Spain|Romania 1–2 Spain]]
|}

==Group stage==
[[File:Euro 1996.png|thumb|upright=2.0|Finishing positions of the participating teams]]

The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the four groups progress to the quarter-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated from the tournament. For the first time at a European Championship three points were awarded for a win, with one for a draw and a none for a defeat.

''All times are local, [[British Summer Time|BST]] ([[UTC+01:00|UTC+1]]).''

===Tiebreakers===
For the first time in the history of the European Championship, the position of teams tied on points was decided by their head-to-head record, and not goal difference.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/EURO/history/Season=1996/intro.html |title=1996 – Football comes home |work=UEFA |date=5 October 2003 |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117061602/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/EURO/history/Season=1996/intro.html |archive-date=17 November 2006}}</ref> If two or more teams finished level on points after completion of the group matches, the following tie-breakers were used to determine the final ranking:

# Higher number of points obtained in the matches played between the teams in question;
# Superior goal difference resulting from the matches played between the teams in question (if more than two teams finish equal on points);
# Higher number of goals scored in the matches played between the teams in question (if more than two teams finish equal on points);
# If, after having applied criteria 1 to 3 to more than two teams, two teams still have an equal ranking, criteria 1 to 3 are reapplied exclusively to the matches between the two teams in question to determine the final rankings of the two teams. If this procedure does not lead to a decision, criteria 5 to 9 apply in the order given;
# Superior goal difference in all group matches;
# Higher number of goals scored in all group matches;
# Position using UEFA's national team coefficient ranking system calculated using average points per game from: the [[UEFA Euro 1992 qualifying|Euro 1992 qualifying stage]] and [[UEFA Euro 1992|final tournament]], the [[1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)|1994 World Cup qualifying stage]] and [[1994 FIFA World Cup|final tournament]] and the [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying|Euro 1996 qualifying stage]].
# Fair play conduct of the teams (final tournament);
# Drawing of lots.

===Group A===
{{main|UEFA Euro 1996 Group A}}
{{UEFA Euro 1996 group tables|Group A|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}}

{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group A|a1}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group A|a2}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group A|a3}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group A|a4}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group A|a5}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group A|a6}}

===Group B===
{{main|UEFA Euro 1996 Group B}}
{{UEFA Euro 1996 group tables|Group B|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}}

{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group B|b1}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group B|b2}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group B|b3}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group B|b4}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group B|b5}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group B|b6}}

===Group C===
{{main|UEFA Euro 1996 Group C}}
{{UEFA Euro 1996 group tables|Group C|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}}

{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group C|c1}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group C|c2}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group C|c3}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group C|c4}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group C|c5}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group C|c6}}

===Group D===
{{main|UEFA Euro 1996 Group D}}
{{UEFA Euro 1996 group tables|Group D|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}}

{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group D|d1}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group D|d2}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group D|d3}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group D|d4}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group D|d5}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Group D|d6}}

==Knockout stage==
{{main|UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage}}

The knockout stage was a [[single-elimination tournament]] with each round eliminating the losers. Any game that was undecided by the end of the regular 90 minutes, was followed by up to thirty minutes of [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]]. For the first time in a major football competition, the [[Golden goal#Association football|golden goal system]] was applied, whereby the first team to score during the extra time would become the winner. If no goal was scored there would be a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]] to determine the winner. For the first time the final was won by a golden goal.

As with every tournament since [[UEFA Euro 1984]], there was no [[third place play-off]].

''All times are local, [[British Summer Time|BST]] ([[UTC+01:00|UTC+1]]).''

===Bracket===
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage|bracket}}

===Quarter-finals===
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage|qf1}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage|qf2}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage|qf3}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage|qf4}}

===Semi-finals===
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage|sf1}}
----
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage|sf2}}

===Final===
{{main|UEFA Euro 1996 final}}
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 Final|final}}

==Statistics==
{{main|UEFA Euro 1996 statistics}}

===Goalscorers===
{{#lst:UEFA Euro 1996 statistics|Goalscorers}}

===Awards===
;Team of the Tournament<ref>{{cite news | title=All-Star Macca | url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/All-Star+Macca.-a061162378 | work=Sunday Mirror | publisher=The Free Library | date=30 June 1996 | access-date=13 July 2012 }}</ref><ref name="team"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:25%;" | Goalkeepers
! style="width:25%;" | Defenders
! style="width:25%;" | Midfielders
! style="width:25%;" | Forwards
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| {{fbicon|ENG}} [[David Seaman]]<br />{{fbicon|GER}} [[Andreas Köpke]]
| {{fbicon|CZE}} [[Radoslav Látal]]<br />{{fbicon|FRA|1974}} [[Laurent Blanc]]<br />{{fbicon|FRA|1974}} [[Marcel Desailly]]<br />{{fbicon|GER}} [[Matthias Sammer]]<br />{{fbicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Maldini]]
| {{fbicon|CZE}} [[Karel Poborský]]<br />{{fbicon|ENG}} [[Paul Gascoigne]]<br />{{fbicon|ENG}} [[Steve McManaman]]<br />{{fbicon|FRA|1974}} [[Didier Deschamps]]<br />{{fbicon|GER}} [[Dieter Eilts]]<br />{{fbicon|POR}} [[Rui Costa]]
| {{fbicon|BUL}} [[Hristo Stoichkov]]<br />{{fbicon|CRO}} [[Davor Šuker]]<br />{{fbicon|CZE}} [[Pavel Kuka]]<br />{{fbicon|ENG}} [[Alan Shearer]]<br />{{fbicon|FRA|1974}} [[Youri Djorkaeff]]
|}

;Golden Boot
[[Alan Shearer]] was awarded the Golden Boot award, after scoring five goals in the group stage and in the semi-finals against [[Germany national football team|Germany]].
*{{fbicon|ENG}} [[Alan Shearer]] (5 goals)<ref name="team">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/491990.pdf |title=UEFA Euro 2008 Information |access-date=30 June 2008 |publisher=UEFA |page=88 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127110833/http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/491990.pdf |archive-date=27 November 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>

;UEFA Player of the Tournament
*{{fbicon|GER}} [[Matthias Sammer]]<ref name="team"/>

==Marketing==
===Slogan and theme songs===
The competition slogan was '''Football Comes Home''' reflecting that the sport's rules were first standardised in the United Kingdom. UEFA President [[Lennart Johansson]] had said that the organisation had felt it was time to bring the event "back to the motherland of football".<ref name="Qualifying draw" />

The slogan was incorporated into the competition's most popular song: "[[Three Lions (song)|Three Lions]]" recorded by comedians [[David Baddiel]] and [[Frank Skinner]] with [[Britpop]] band the [[Lightning Seeds]]. Baddiel and Skinner were then strongly connected with football owing to their BBC show ''[[Fantasy Football League (TV series)|Fantasy Football League]]''.<ref name="song">{{cite news | first=James | last=Rampton | title=Song for Euro 96 ready for airplay | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/song-for-euro-96-ready-for-airplay-1347815.html | work=The Independent | publisher=Independent Print | date=17 May 1996 | access-date=15 July 2012 }}</ref> Released as a single, the song topped the [[UK Singles Chart]] for a total of two weeks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.number-ones.co.uk/1996-number-ones.html|title=Number Ones in 1996 |publisher=number-ones.co.uk}}</ref> It was promoted by a video featuring the England squad.<ref name="song" />

The song was prominently sung by England fans during all their games, and was also chanted by the German team upon parading the trophy in Berlin after the tournament. It was even referenced by future Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] in an address at the 1996 Labour Party Conference with the line: ''"Seventeen years of hurt, never stopped us dreaming, Labour's coming home".''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/blair-my-decent-society-1356271.html |title=Blair: My Decent Society|date=22 October 1996|work=The Independent |location=London}}</ref>

"Three Lions" was the official song of the England team, and is the song most strongly connected with the tournament, however the official song of the tournament was "[[We're in This Together (Simply Red song)|We're in This Together]]" by [[Simply Red]]. The song was performed at the tournament's opening ceremony.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uri-geller.com/ball.htm|title=Mind-bender Uri Geller|date=8 June 1996|work=Daily Mirror |location=London}}</ref>

===Merchandise and mascots===
The [[Royal Mint|British Royal Mint]] issued a commemorative [[Two pounds (British coin)|£2 coin]] in 1996, which featured a representation of a football, "1996" in the centre, and 16 small rings representing the 16 competing teams. Further special coins were only issued in the Isle of Man and Gibraltar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Euro 96 coins enjoy royal approval|date=22 May 1996|work=The Times |location=London |first=Andrew |last=Longmore}}</ref>

The official mascot, 'Goaliath', was designed in a similar fashion to the original World Cup mascot from the [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966 World Cup]]. Goaliath comprised a lion, the image on the English team crest, dressed in an England football strip and football boots whilst holding a football under his right arm.<ref>{{cite news |title=EURO 2012 mascots have big shoes to fill |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/0253-0d7c95165429-195f7ca76150-1000--the-weird-and-wonderful-world-of-euro-mascots/ |work=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=6 December 2010 }}</ref>

===Sponsorship===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:12px; text-align: center;" width=50%
|-
!Event sponsors
|-
|valign=top|
{{col-start|width=100%}}
{{col-2}}
*[[Canon (camera)|Canon]]<ref name="sponsors">{{cite news | first=Meg | last=Carter | title=The fever pitch at Euro 96 | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/the-fever-pitch-at-euro-96-1335050.html | work=The Independent | publisher=Independent Print | date=2 June 1996 | access-date=15 July 2012 }}</ref><ref name="sponsors2">{{cite news | first=Richard | last=Cook | title=Euro 96 – What's in it for you? | url=http://www.prweek.com/uk/news/27459/Euro-96-What-rsquos-you/?DCMP=ILC-SEARCH | work=PRWeek | date=24 May 1996 | access-date=15 July 2012 }}</ref>
*[[Carlsberg Group|Carlsberg]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
*[[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
*[[Fujifilm]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
*[[JVC]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
*[[MasterCard]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
{{col-2}}
*[[McDonald's]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
*[[Philips]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
*[[Snickers]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
*[[Vauxhall Motors]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
*[[Umbro]]<ref name="sponsors" /><ref name="sponsors2" />
{{col-end}}
|}

===Video game===
{{main|UEFA Euro 96 England}}

A video game tie-in was developed by [[Gremlin Interactive]] for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[DOS]], and the [[Sega Saturn]]. The Sega Saturn version was the subject of considerable media hype and was a major system-seller for the system in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Tonight We're Going to Party like it's 1996!|magazine=[[Sega Saturn Magazine]]|issue=16 |publisher=[[Emap International Limited]]|date=February 1997|page=10}}</ref>

==Controversies==

===Terrorist attack===
[[1996 Manchester bombing|A terrorist attack took place in Manchester]] on 15 June, one day before the group stage match between [[German national football team|Germany]] and [[Russia national football team|Russia]] was due to take place in the same city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/iras-message-in-blood-1337246.html |title=IRA's message in blood|date=16 June 1996|work=The Independent|location=London}}</ref> The detonation of a [[car bomb|van bomb]] in the city centre injured 212 people and caused an estimated £700 million worth of damage. Four days after the blast, the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] issued a statement in which it claimed responsibility, but regretted causing injury to civilians.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ira-apologises-to-bomb-victims-1337861.html |title=IRA apologises to bomb victims|date=20 June 1996|work=The Independent|location=London}}</ref>

The Manchester bombing was the first and so far only major terrorist attack in the host city of an ongoing UEFA European Championship. The scheduled match at [[Old Trafford]] on the day following the bombing went ahead as planned after the stadium had been heavily guarded overnight and carefully searched; the game, in which [[UEFA Euro 1996 Group C#Russia vs Germany|Germany defeated Russia 3–0]], was watched by a near capacity crowd of 50,700.

===Empty seats===
The aggregate attendance of 1,276,000 and average attendance of 41,158 per game were the highest for the European Championship (in its 16-team format) until the [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012 tournament]].<ref name=2012crowds />  However, these numbers were based on the number of tickets sold rather than the number of spectators in the ground, which was often significantly lower.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Metcalf |first=Rupert |date=26 June 1996 |title=Czechs furious at ticket sales farce |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/czechs-furious-at-ticket-sales-farce-1339056.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> The large number of empty seats in most of the games not involving England was blamed on a number of factors: a lack of travelling fans from most of the other nations concerned, a lack of interest among locals for games not involving England, kick-offs before 5:00{{nbsp}}pm that made it hard for children at school and adults at work to attend, steep ticket prices, and UEFA's policy of only selling tickets in blocks (where each block consisted of a set from each of three price bands).<ref name="Attendances">{{cite web |url=https://www.wsc.co.uk/the-archive/917-International-football/7908-home-disadvantage |title=Home disadvantage|work=When Saturday Comes|date=October 2010}}</ref>

===Disorder===
After [[UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage#Germany vs England|England's defeat to Germany in the semi-finals]], a large-scale riot took place in [[Trafalgar Square]] and the surrounding area. Further outbreaks of trouble occurred in the streets of several other towns. The police and German-made cars were targeted, with damage also caused to various other properties.<ref name="Riot">{{cite news |title=England fans riot after defeat|date=27 June 1996|work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> A Russian student was stabbed in [[Brighton]] after attackers mistook him for being German.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian stabbed for sounding like a German|date= 28 June 1996|work=The Times |location=London|first=Adrian|last=Lee}}</ref>

Despite this outbreak, the tournament overall was free of hooliganism, helping rehabilitate England's reputation after their fans' conduct during the previous decades.<ref name="Riot" /> UEFA's awarding of the tournament to England was in itself a further step in bringing the country back fully into the international fold, coming soon after their decision in 1990 to re-admit English clubs back into UEFA competitions after the indefinite ban issued to them following the [[Heysel Stadium disaster]] in 1985.<ref>{{cite news |title=England punished for years of indiscipline|date=3 June 1985|work=The Times |location=London|first=David |last=Miller}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The door opens on Europe|date=19 April 1990|work=The Times |location=London|first=Peter |last=Ball }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111116161922/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=1996/index.html UEFA Euro 1996] at UEFA.com

{{UEFA Euro 1996}}
{{UEFA Euro 1996 finalists}}
{{UEFA Euro 1996 stadiums}}
{{UEFA European Championship}}
{{1995–96 in European football (UEFA)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:UEFA Euro}}
[[Category:UEFA Euro 1996| ]]
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