View source for Typographical Association

{{short description|Former trade union of the United Kingdom}}

{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox union
| name         = Typographical Association
| image        = <!-- Use full image link, e.g. File:Example.png-->
| founded      = 1848
| predecessor  = [[National Typographical Association]]
| dissolved    = 1964
| merged       = [[National Graphical Association]]
| members      = 38,277 (1939)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musson|first1=A. E.|title=The Typographical Association|url=https://archive.org/details/typographicalass0000muss|url-access=registration|date=1954|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/typographicalass0000muss/page/351 351]}}</ref>
| publication  = ''Typographical Circular''
| location_country= United Kingdom and Ireland
| affiliation  = [[Trades Union Congress|TUC]], [[Irish Trades Union Congress|ITUC]], [[Printing and Kindred Trades Federation|P&KTF]], [[International Graphical Federation|IGF]], [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
| headquarters = Beechwood, Oak Drive, [[Fallowfield]], [[Manchester]]
| footnotes    = 
}}
The '''Typographical Association''' ('''TA''') was a [[trade union]] representing [[typographer]]s in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]].

==History==
The [[National Typographical Association]] collapsed in 1848, and delegates from across [[Yorkshire]] and [[Lancashire]] met at Angel Street in [[Sheffield]] to found the '''Provincial Typographical Association''', intended to recreate the former [[Northern Typographical Union]] and to focus on paying benefits to members on [[Strike action|strike]].  The union grew gradually from 481 members at the end of 1849 to 5,300 in 1877.  In that year, it merged with a related relief association and dropped "Provincial" from its title.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

Based in [[Manchester]], the union focussed on demanding members serve a seven-year [[apprenticeship]].  In 1894, it began admitting women.  In the 1910s, the Association established a branch in London, but the [[Trades Union Congress]] instituted arbitration which restricted it from a fifteen-mile radius of central London, the rival [[London Society of Compositors]] having rights to organise in the city.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

By 1946, membership had reached 13,958.<ref>[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], ''Report of the Forty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Labour Party'', p.78</ref>  In 1964, the Association merged with the [[London Typographical Society]] to create the [[National Graphical Association]].{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

==Election results==
The union sponsored [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] candidates in several Parliamentary elections, many of whom won election.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election !! Constituency !! Candidate !! Votes !! Percentage !! Position
|-
| [[1906 UK general election|1906 general election]] || [[Norwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Norwich]] || {{sortname|George Henry|Roberts}} || 11,059 || 37.5 || 1
|-
| [[January 1910 UK general election|1910 Jan general election]] || [[Norwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Norwich]] || {{sortname|George Henry|Roberts}} || 11,159 || 28.7 || 2
|-
| [[December 1910 UK general election|1910 Dec general election]] || [[Norwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Norwich]] || {{sortname|George Henry|Roberts}} || 10,003 || 35.8 || 2
|-
| [[1917 Norwich by-election|1917 by-election]] || [[Norwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Norwich]] || {{sortname|George Henry|Roberts}} || unopposed || ''N/A'' || 1
|-
| [[1918 UK general election|1918 general election]] || [[West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)|West Bromwich]] || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 11,572 || 54.0 || 1
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1922 UK general election|1922 general election]] || [[Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency)|Buckingham]] || {{sortname|Owen|Connellan|Owen Connellan (politician)}} || 7,343 || 26.3 || 2
|-
| [[West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)|West Bromwich]] || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 14,210 || 50.6 || 1
|-
| [[1923 UK general election|1923 general election]] || [[West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)|West Bromwich]] || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 12,910 || 44.8 || 1
|-
| [[1924 UK general election|1924 general election]] || [[West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)|West Bromwich]] || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 15,384 || 51.6 || 1
|-
| [[1929 UK general election|1929 general election]] || [[West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)|West Bromwich]] || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 19,621 || 52.1 || 1<ref name="lab29">{{cite journal |title=List of Labour Candidates and Election Results, May 30th, 1929| journal=Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party  |date=1929 |pages=24&ndash;44}}</ref>
|-
| [[1931 UK general election|1931 general election]] || [[West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)|West Bromwich]] || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 17,204 || 44.4 || 2<ref name="lab31">{{cite journal |title=List of Endorsed Labour Candidates and Election Results, October 27, 1931|journal=Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party |date=1931 |pages=11&ndash;27}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1935 UK general election|1935 general election]] || [[Blackburn (UK Parliament constituency)|Blackburn]] || {{sortname|George Henry|Walker}} || 34,423 || 23.8 || 4<ref name="lab35">{{cite journal |title=List of Endorsed Labour Candidates and Election Results, November 14, 1935 |journal=Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party |date=1935 |pages=8&ndash;23}}</ref>
|-
| [[West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)|West Bromwich]] || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 19,113 || 51.3 || 1<ref name="lab35" />
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1945 UK general election|1945 general election]] || [[Bristol South (UK Parliament constituency)|Bristol South]] || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 24,929 || 58.8 || 1<ref name="lab45">[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], ''Report of the Forty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Labour Party'', pp.232-248</ref>
|-
| [[Rossendale (UK Parliament constituency)|Rossendale]] || {{sortname|George Henry|Walker}} || 15,741 || 43.6 || 1<ref name="lab45" />
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1950 UK general election|1950 general election]] || [[Bristol South (UK Parliament constituency)|Bristol South]] || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 23,456 || 59.9 || 1<ref name="lab50">{{cite journal |title=List of Parliamentary Labour candidates and election results, February 23rd, 1950 |journal=Report of the Forty-Ninth Annual Conference of the Labour Party |date=1950 |pages=179&ndash;198}}</ref>
|-
| [[Woodford (UK Parliament constituency)|Woodford]] || {{sortname|Seymour|Hills|nolink=1}} || 18,740 || 30.0 || 2<ref name="lab50" />
|-
| [[1951 UK general election|1951 general election]] || [[Bristol South (UK Parliament constituency)|Bristol South]] || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 24,444 || 63.3 || 1<ref name="lab51">{{cite journal |title=List of Parliamentary Labour candidates and election results, 25th October, 1951 |journal=Report of the Fiftieth Annual Conference of the Labour Party |date=1951 |pages=184&ndash;203}}</ref>
|-
| [[1955 UK general election|1955 general election]] || [[Bristol South (UK Parliament constituency)|Bristol South]] || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 24,954 || 64.1 || 1<ref name="lab55">[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], ''Report of the Fifty-Fourth Annual Conference of the Labour Party'', pp.255-275</ref>
|-
| [[1959 UK general election|1959 general election]] || [[Bristol South (UK Parliament constituency)|Bristol South]] || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 27,010 || 60.8 || 1<ref name="lab59">[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], ''Report of the Fifty-Eighth Annual Conference of the Labour Party'', pp.179-201</ref>
|}

In both the 1910 elections, Roberts was elected by taking second place in a two-seat constituency.

==Leadership==
===General Secretaries===
:1849: Josephus Speak
:1865: Henry Roberts
:1869: [[Henry Slatter]]
:1897: Richard Hackett
:1900: A. W. Jones
:1900: [[Herbert Skinner (trade unionist)|Herbert Skinner]]
:1934: John Fletcher
:1942: Harry Riding
:1955: F. C. Blackburn
:1957: [[John Bonfield]]

===General Presidents===
:1852: [[William Dronfield]]
:1855:
:1886: [[Owen Connellan (politician)|Owen Connellan]]
:1888: Daniel Bird
:1889:
:1891: Richard Hackett
:1892:
:1893: Richard Hackett
:1897:
:1899: O. Waddington
:1902: H. Matthewman
:1908: John H. Boothman
:1913: Jimmy French
:1934: Hugh Inglis
:1949: F. C. Blackburn
:1955: [[John Bonfield]]
:1957: Fred Simmons

==References==
*Arthur Marsh, Victoria Ryan and John B. Smethurst, ''Historical Directory of Trade Unions''
*Albert Edward Musson, ''The Typographical Association: Origins and History Up to 1949''

;Specific
<references />

==External links==
*[https://mrc.epexio.com/records/TPA Catalogue of the TA archives], held at the [[Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick]]

[[Category:Typographical Association| ]]
[[Category:1849 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1964 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Typesetters]]
[[Category:Printing trade unions]]
[[Category:Trade unions established in the 1840s]]
[[Category:Trade unions disestablished in 1964]]
[[Category:Trade unions based in Greater Manchester]]


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