View source for Typhoon Imbudo

{{Short description|Pacific typhoon in 2003}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Typhoon Imbudo (Harurot)
| image = Imbudo 2003-07-21 0434Z.jpg
| caption = Imbudo approaching the [[Philippines]] near peak intensity on July 21
| formed = July 15, 2003
| dissipated = July 25, 2003
}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA
| winds = 90
| pressure = 935
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
| basin = wpac
| winds = 130
| pressure = 910
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 2003
| fatalities = 85
| damages = 383000000
| areas = [[Philippines]], China
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season  = [[2003 Pacific typhoon season]]
}}
'''Typhoon Imbudo''',{{#tag:ref|The name ''Imbudo'' was contributed by Philippines, which means funnel or downspout in Filipino.|group="nb"}} known in the Philippines as '''Super Typhoon Harurot''',{{#tag:ref|The name derives from a local term for ''swoosh'' or faster approach.|group="nb"}}<ref name="Harurot">{{cite report|publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration |title=Super Typhoon "Harurot" (19 to 23 July 2003) |access-date=2013-10-05 |url=http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/track308.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014133604/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/track308.htm |archive-date=14 October 2013 }}</ref> was a powerful [[typhoon]] that struck the [[Philippines]] and southern [[China]] in mid July 2003. The seventh [[tropical cyclone naming|named storm]] and fourth typhoon of [[2003 Pacific typhoon season|the season]], Imbudo formed on July&nbsp;15 to the east of the Philippines. The storm moved generally west-northward for much of its duration due to a [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] to the north. Favorable conditions allowed Imbudo to intensify, gradually at first before undergoing [[rapid deepening]] on July&nbsp;19. After reaching typhoon status, Imbudo strengthened further to peak [[maximum sustained wind|10&ndash;minute sustained winds]] of {{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} on July&nbsp;20. The typhoon made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] on northern [[Luzon]] near peak intensity on July&nbsp;22, but quickly weakened over land. Once in the [[South China Sea]], Imbudo re-intensified slightly before making its final landfall in southern China near [[Yangjiang]] on July&nbsp;24, dissipating the next day.

In the Philippines, Imbudo was the strongest typhoon in five years, causing widespread flooding and power outages in the [[Cagayan Valley]] for weeks. Damage was heaviest in [[Isabela (province)|Isabela]] province near where the storm struck. Most of the banana crop was destroyed, and other crops sustained similar but lesser damage. Imbudo disrupted transportation across much of Luzon. Nationwide, the storm damaged or destroyed 62,314&nbsp;houses, causing P4.7&nbsp;billion ([[Philippine peso|PHP]], $86&nbsp;million [[United States dollar|USD]]) in damage, mostly in the Cagayan Valley.{{#tag:ref|All damage totals are in 2003 values of their respective currencies.|group="nb"}} There were also 64&nbsp;deaths in the country. In Hong Kong, strong winds killed a man after knocking him off a platform. In China, damage was heaviest in [[Guangdong]] where the storm struck. Thousands of trees fell, and 595,000&nbsp;houses were wrecked. Hundreds of canceled flights stranded travelers across the region. In [[Guangxi]], high rainfall increased water levels in 45&nbsp;reservoirs to warning levels. In Guangxi and Guangdong, collectively 20&nbsp;people were killed, and damage reached about ¥4.45&nbsp;billion ([[Chinese yuan|CNY]], US$297&nbsp;million).

==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Imbudo 2003 track.png}}
The origins of Imbudo were from a disorganized area of [[convection (meteorology)|convection]] near [[Chuuk State|Chuuk]] in the open western Pacific in mid-July. With weak [[wind shear]], the system slowly became better organized.<ref name="gp">{{cite web|author=Kevin Boyle|publisher=Gary Padgett|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary July 2003|access-date=2013-10-05|url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0307.htm}}</ref> On July&nbsp;15, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA){{#tag:ref|The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref name="jma">{{cite report|publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]]|at=8|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2003|access-date=2013-10-05|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2003/Text/Text2003.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213726/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2003/Text/Text2003.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>|group="nb"}} estimated that a tropical depression formed.<ref name="jma"/> The next day, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC){{#tag:ref|The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint [[United States Navy]]&nbsp;– [[United States Air Force]] task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement|year=2011|access-date=2012-07-25|url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archive-date=2007-07-26}}</ref>|group="nb"}} issued a [[tropical cyclone formation alert]] (TCFA), noting that [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]] had increased due to an [[cold-core low|upper-level low]] to the northeast. At 1800&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on July&nbsp;16, the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Depression 09W about {{convert|665|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of [[Yap]].<ref name="gp"/> A [[subtropical ridge]] near [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]] steered the nascent depression to the west-northwest for much of its duration. With warm waters and favorable upper-level conditions, the depression quickly organized,<ref name="atcr">{{cite report|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|author-link=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|access-date=2013-01-29|title=Typhoon (STY) 09W (Imbudo)|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2003atcr.pdf|archive-date=2013-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221071623/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2003atcr.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the JMA upgraded it to Tropical Storm Imbudo on July&nbsp;17.<ref name="jma"/>

After becoming a tropical storm, Imbudo passed about {{convert|35|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of Yap.<ref name="gp"/> The JMA upgraded Imbudo to a severe tropical storm late on July&nbsp;18,<ref name="jma"/> around the same time that the JTWC upgraded it to a typhoon. An increase in outflow to the south and to the north from a [[tropical upper tropospheric trough]] (TUTT) caused a 36‑hour period of [[rapid deepening|rapid development]] beginning on July&nbsp;19.<ref name="atcr"/> During that time, the JMA upgraded Imbudo to typhoon status,<ref name="jma"/> the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA) began issuing advisories as the storm approached the Philippines,<ref name="Harurot"/> and a {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide [[eye (cyclone)|eye]] formed.<ref name="gp"/> At 1200&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;20, the JMA estimated peak [[maximum sustained wind|10&nbsp;minute sustained winds]] of {{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="jma"/> At the same time, the JTWC estimated 1&nbsp;minute sustained winds of {{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, making it a [[Tropical cyclone scales#Western Pacific|super typhoon]].<ref name="atcr"/> By late on July&nbsp;20, the typhoon had developed concentric eyewalls, and the TUTT was moving away, thus diminishing outflow.<ref name="gp"/> Imbudo maintained peak winds for about 12&nbsp;hours,<ref name="jma"/> before the innermost eye contracted to a diameter of {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} in the midst of an [[eyewall replacement cycle]].<ref name="gp"/> At 0300&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;22, Imbudo struck northern [[Luzon]], with 1&nbsp;minute winds estimated at {{convert|205|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} by the JTWC.<ref name="atcr"/>

Rapidly weakening over land, Imbudo emerged into the [[South China Sea]] about six hours after [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]].<ref name="gp"/><ref name="jma"/> The JTWC estimated winds had decreased to {{convert|150|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, although the agency estimated Imbudo quickly re-intensified to a secondary peak of {{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} in 1&nbsp;minute winds. Dry air prevented convection from redeveloping significantly, and the eye had become large over open waters.<ref name="gp"/> At 0300&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;24, Imbudo made its final landfall west of [[Macau]],<ref name="jma"/> near [[Yangjiang]], [[Guangdong]].<ref name="hko"/> It was the strongest to hit the province since [[Typhoon Sally (1996)|Typhoon Sally]] in 1996,<ref name="obs">{{cite journal|title=An observational study of typhoon Imbudo in 2003|author=Qingqing Li|author2=Gang Fu|author3=Jingtian Guo|author4=Yuqiang Yang|author5=Yihong Duan|journal=Journal of Ocean University of China|date=October 30, 2005|issue=4|volume=4|doi=10.1007/s11802-005-0061-z|pages=391–397|bibcode = 2005JOUC....4..391L |s2cid=84497884 }}</ref> striking China with 10&nbsp;minute winds of {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, as estimated by the JMA. The storm rapidly weakened over land while moving over southern China. Late on July&nbsp;25, Imbudo dissipated near the border of China and Vietnam.<ref name="jma"/>

==Preparations==
Before Imbudo struck, officials evacuated over 14,000&nbsp;people to at least 60&nbsp;shelters.<ref name="gp"/><ref name="hko"/> Government offices were closed along the typhoon's path, and schools were closed in the capital, Manila.<ref name="afp722"/> PAGASA issued a [[Typhoons in the Philippines#Public Storm Warning Signals|number 4 warning signal]], the highest level, for three northern provinces, indicating the imminent threat of a powerful storm.<ref name="act723"/> Despite the warning, a post-storm survey in [[Isabela (province)|Isabela]] province indicated that 34% were unaware of the storm's arrival, while others believed the typhoon would not be as strong.<ref name="cbr"/> In Manila, four flights were canceled at [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]], and the [[Manila Light Rail Transit System]] was shut down for two hours.<ref name="afp722"/> Travel by ship and bus were halted in some areas.<ref name="star723"/> On July&nbsp;22 before the storm struck, the Philippine military was put on red alert, increasing security at the [[Malacañang Palace|presidential palace]]. The military stated it was due to the typhoon, although newspapers suggested it was to prevent a coup attempt;<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=South China Morning Post|title=Police probe alleged anti-Arroyo plot; Estrada backers and communist groups are under watch, but officer accuses a 'third group' of fanning coup rumours|date=2003-07-24|author=Raissa Robles}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> a failed coup ultimately did occur on July&nbsp;27 in what would become known as the [[Oakwood mutiny]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Nikko Dizon|date=2013-07-27|title=Oakwood mutiny: Wrong, right|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|access-date=2013-10-11|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/453527/oakwood-mutiny-wrong-right|archive-date=2013-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823112837/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/453527/oakwood-mutiny-wrong-right|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Hong Kong Observatory]] issued a [[Hong Kong tropical cyclone warning signals|number 8 warning signal]], indicating the potential for gale-force winds within the territory.<ref name="hko"/> At [[Hong Kong International Airport]], at least 100&nbsp;flights were canceled or delayed.<ref name="ap724"/> Most ferry and some bus lines were temporarily suspended.<ref name="hko"/> The threat of the storm caused 16&nbsp;flights to be canceled and another 54&nbsp;delayed at [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport]].<ref name="hko"/> On [[Hainan]] island, 32&nbsp;canceled flights stranded about 1,500&nbsp;travelers.<ref name="ap724"/>  The threat of the storm forced British Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] to shorten a trip to the territory.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2003-07-24|title=Typhoon Imbudo heads to south China after battering Philippines, Hong Kong|access-date=2013-10-11|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/china/typhoon-imbudo-heads-south-china-after-battering-philippines-hong-kong|archive-date=2015-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610195948/http://reliefweb.int/report/china/typhoon-imbudo-heads-south-china-after-battering-philippines-hong-kong|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Hong Kong Stock Exchange]] opened 30&nbsp;minutes late as a result of the typhoon.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Xinhua|date=2003-07-24|title=Hong Kong shares close lower on light turnover}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> On the mainland at Yangjiang, more than 30,000&nbsp;people evacuated ahead of the storm.<ref>{{cite news|author=Chow Chung-yan|author2=Cathy Li|agency=South China Morning Post|date=2003-07-25|title=30,000 evacuated as typhoon destroys 4,500 homes in Yangjiang}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref>

==Impact==
===Philippines===
[[File:ST Imbudo 22 july 2003 0520Z.jpg|right|thumb|Typhoon Imbudo over the Philippines on July 22]]
Typhoon Imbudo was the strongest typhoon to strike Luzon since [[Typhoon Zeb]] five years prior,<ref name="gp"/> and was the fifth storm in eight weeks to affect the country.<ref name="act723">{{cite report|date=2003-07-23|author=Action by Churches Together International|website=[[ReliefWeb]]|title=ACT Alert 1/2003: Philippines 1/2003 Super typhoon hits the Philippines|access-date=2016-08-31|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/act-alert-12003-philippines-12003-super-typhoon-hits-philippines|archive-date=2016-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916071812/http://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/act-alert-12003-philippines-12003-super-typhoon-hits-philippines|url-status=live}}</ref> The typhoon left widespread areas flooded for several days.<ref name="star725"/> [[Cagayan Valley]] was largely isolated after a bridge was damaged in [[Ilocos Norte]].<ref name="star724"/> Damage was heavy in the region, totaling P2.2&nbsp;billion ([[Philippine peso|PHP]], $40&nbsp;million [[United States dollar|USD]]){{#tag:ref||group="nb"|name="php"}}, and over 80,000&nbsp;people were displaced by the storm.<ref name="worldbank">{{cite report|publisher=World Bank Institute|title=Assessing the Socio-Economic Impacts of Typhoon "Haruruot", Cagayan Valley, July 2003. UNESCAP-NDCC Project|year=2005|access-date=2013-10-10|url=http://worldbank.mrooms.net/file.php/466/2524/NDCC-Damage-reading-final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014103632/http://worldbank.mrooms.net/file.php/466/2524/NDCC-Damage-reading-final.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> Damage was heaviest in Isabela, where damage was estimated at P1.9&nbsp;billion (PHP, US$35&nbsp;million), mostly to crops and killed livestock.{{#tag:ref||group="nb"|name="php"}}<ref name="cbr"/> There, winds and rain knocked down trees and caused a province-wide power outage.<ref name="tcf">{{cite report|title=Philippines: Relief efforts for typhoon-damaged province of Isabela|date=2003-07-27|author=Tzu Chi Foundation|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=2013-10-07|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-relief-efforts-typhoon-damaged-province-isabela}}</ref> Most trees less than three years old fell during the high winds. In Isabela province, the banana crop was almost entirely destroyed, and most of the corn and rice crops were heavily damaged.<ref name="cbr"/> The high damage caused the [[gross regional product]], or overall economy of the Cagayan Valley, to decrease by 0.3% than what would have happened without the typhoon.<ref name="worldbank"/>

Power outages affected [[Metro Manila]], and several billboards were damaged in the city, although there was minimal flooding in the capital. Adverse conditions caused the [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1]] to close for two hours, stranding hundreds. High winds knocked over a {{convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} tree that killed five on [[Romblon (island)|Romblon Island]]. The rains brought the [[Magat Dam]] on Luzon to capacity.<ref name="star723">{{cite news|newspaper=The Philippine Star|title=Typhoon Harurot Leaves 6 Dead|access-date=2013-10-08|date=2003-07-23|url=http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/hl/hl018451.htm|archive-date=2015-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610213726/http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/hl/hl018451.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Landslides blocked a national highway in [[Nueva Ecija]] with debris and fallen trees, which were quickly cleared within a few days.<ref name="star724"/> On [[Mindanao]], [[flash flood]]ing from the outer periphery of the storm affected 18&nbsp;towns, killing 11&nbsp;people.<ref name="act">{{cite report|author=Action by Churches Together International|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=2013-10-07|title=ACT Appeal Philippines: Assistance to Typhoon survivors ASPH32|date=2003-07-30|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/act-appeal-philippines-assistance-typhoon-survivors-asph32|archive-date=2015-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610195636/http://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/act-appeal-philippines-assistance-typhoon-survivors-asph32|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ocha724">{{cite report|author=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|date=2003-07-24|title=Philippines - Typhoon Imbudo OCHA Situation Report No. 1|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=2013-10-07|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-typhoon-imbudo-ocha-situation-report-no-1|archive-date=2015-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610211004/http://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-typhoon-imbudo-ocha-situation-report-no-1|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Maguindanao]] in the southern Philippines, flooding washed away 50&nbsp;houses, forcing over 2,000&nbsp;people to evacuate.<ref name="afp722">{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=2003-07-22|title=Six dead as Typhoon Imbudo slams into northern Philippines|access-date=2013-10-07|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/six-dead-typhoon-imbudo-slams-northern-philippines}}</ref> Damage extended as far south as the [[Western Visayas]].<ref name="worldbank"/> Across the Philippines, Imbudo damaged 62,314&nbsp;houses, of which about 20% were destroyed. Housing damage was estimated at P1.2&nbsp;billion (PHP, US$22&nbsp;million), most of which in the Cagayan Valley.{{#tag:ref||group="nb"|name="php"}}<ref name="worldbank"/> Overall damage in the country was estimated at P4.7&nbsp;billion (PHP, US$86&nbsp;million).<ref name="Harurot"/>{{#tag:ref|The total was originally reported in [[Philippine peso]]s. Total converted via the [[Oanda Corporation]] website.<ref name="oanda">{{cite web|publisher=Oanda Corporation|year=2013|title=Historical Exchange Rates|access-date=2013-10-05|url=http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/|archive-date=2013-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004000103/http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|group="nb"|name="php"}} Of the total, about P1.9&nbsp;billion (PHP, US$35&nbsp;million){{#tag:ref||group="nb"|name="php"}} was in agriculture damage.<ref name="star725">{{cite news |date=2003-07-24 |title=Harurot Exits, Leaves 21 Dead |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2003/07/25/214840/145harurot146-exits-leaves-21-dead |access-date=2013-10-08 |newspaper=The Philippine Star}}</ref> Imbudo killed 64&nbsp;people in the Philippines, mostly in Cagayan Valley, and injured another 154.<ref name="Harurot"/><ref name="worldbank"/>

===Elsewhere===
[[Image:Typhoon Imbudo 23 july 2003 0255Z.jpg|thumb|left|Typhoon Imbudo in the [[South China Sea]] on July 23]]
Early in its developmental stages, Imbudo affected portions of [[Micronesia]], particularly [[Ulithi]]. There, a weather station measured a peak wind gust of {{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}; winds of similar intensity were reported in Yap. Rainfall from Imbudo in Micronesia peaked at {{convert|226|mm|in|abbr=on}} over a six-hour period on Yap. The rainfall from the passing tropical cyclone caused $75,000&nbsp;in property damage and $25,000&nbsp;in agricultural and crop-related damage.<ref name=StormData>{{cite journal|title=Storm Data for July 2003 |journal=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena |date=July 2003 |volume=45 |issue=7 |page=361 |url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS-4CDF0B88-7C2B-41A8-89A7-2160BBE8C75A.pdf |access-date=27 October 2013 |editor=Angel, William |editor2=Hinson, Stuart |editor3=Mooring, Rhonda |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204220/http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS-4CDF0B88-7C2B-41A8-89A7-2160BBE8C75A.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Before Imbudo struck mainland China, it passed south of Taiwan, dropping heavy rainfall reaching {{convert|137|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Taitung County]].<ref name="gp"/> The outer rainbands reached as far as [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]], where {{convert|2|mm|in|abbr=on}} was reported.<ref>{{cite report|author=Digital Typhoon|title=Typhoon 200307 (Imbudo)|access-date=2013-10-06|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=200307&basin=wnp&lang=en}}</ref>

Peak rainfall in Hong Kong was {{convert|53.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} at [[Kwai Chung]],<ref name="hko"/> only a day after [[Tropical Storm Koni]] dropped rainfall in the territory,<ref name="hko2"/> and the highest [[storm surge]] was {{convert|1.13|m|ft|abbr=on}} at [[Tsim Bei Tsui]]. As the storm passed to the south, Imbudo produced winds of {{convert|101|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} on [[Cheung Chau]], the highest in the Hong Kong territory, although a gust of {{convert|164|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was observed at [[Tai Mo Shan]]. High winds killed a man after knocking him off a platform. The winds knocked down 83&nbsp;trees, injuring 11&nbsp;people. Rough waves injured 34&nbsp;people traveling by boat near [[Lantau Island]].<ref name="hko">{{cite report|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|title=Typhoon Imbudo (0307) : 17-25 July 2003|access-date=2013-10-06|url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc2003/pdf/section3_2.pdf|date=|archive-date=2013-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015014703/http://www.weather.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc2003/pdf/section3_2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the territory, ten boats were damaged or sank, and one fishing pier was damaged.<ref name="hko2">{{cite report|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|page=84|title=Tropical Cyclone Statistics and Tables|access-date=2013-10-06|url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc2003/english/section4.pdf|archive-date=2013-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221316/http://www.weather.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc2003/english/section4.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

At its final landfall in Guangdong, Imbudo produced strong winds, with a peak gust of {{convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} measured at [[Shangchuan Island]]. At Yangjiang, gusts reached {{convert|159|km/h|mph|abbr=on}},<ref name="gp"/> causing eleven boats to sink.<ref name="ap724">{{cite news|author=Joe McDonald|date=2003-07-24|title=Typhoon Imbudo slams into China after daring rescue of stranded sailors off Hong Kong coast; Philippines toll rises to 10|agency=Associated Press}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> There, over 10,000&nbsp;trees fell due to the strong winds, more than half in the city,<ref>{{cite news|author=Stephanie Hoo|date=2003-07-25|title=Seven deaths reported from Typhoon Imbudo in southern China, thousands of homes wrecked|agency=Associated Press}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> and 7,649&nbsp;homes were damaged or destroyed.<ref name="afp725">{{cite news|title=China mops up in aftermath of destructive typhoon|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2003-07-25|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=2013-10-07|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/china/china-mops-aftermath-destructive-typhoon|archive-date=2014-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104000219/http://reliefweb.int/report/china/china-mops-aftermath-destructive-typhoon|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Zhanjiang]], the storm damaged power lines and water pumps, leaving residents without access to water.<ref name="gp"/> Imbudo spawned tornadoes in [[Luoding]] and Zhanjiang, damaging dozens of houses and killing 6,000&nbsp;chickens.<ref>{{cite news|date=2003-07-24|title=Tornadoes and hail kill three people, 6,000 chickens in southern China|agency=Agence France-Presse}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> Throughout Guangdong, Imbudo destroyed 595,000&nbsp;houses and caused ¥1.9&nbsp;billion (CNY, US$230&nbsp;million).{{#tag:ref||group="nb"|name="cny"}} There were at least eight deaths in the province.<ref name="gp"/>

In Hainan island to the south of the storm track, rainfall reached {{convert|230|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Ding'an County]].<ref name="gp"/> Imbudo caused flooding in the capital [[Haikou]], and several houses were wrecked.<ref>{{cite news|date=2003-07-25|author=Martin Parry|title=China mops up in aftermath of destructive typhoon as toll rises|agency=Agence France-Presse}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> The typhoon affected most of the population, causing an estimated ¥55.35&nbsp;million ([[Chinese yuan|CNY]], US$6.7&nbsp;million) in damage.{{#tag:ref|The total was originally reported in [[Chinese yuan]]. Total converted via the [[Oanda Corporation]] website.<ref name="oanda"/>|group="nb"|name="cny"}}<ref name="gp"/> Heavy rainfall spread across southern China, peaking at {{convert|343|mm|in|abbr=on}} at Hepu County in [[Guangxi]] province,<ref name="gp"/> which increased water levels in 45&nbsp;reservoirs to warning levels.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2003 |title=Typhoon Imbudo death toll rises to 20 in south China |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/china/typhoon-imbudo-death-toll-rises-20-south-china |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908042924/https://reliefweb.int/report/china/typhoon-imbudo-death-toll-rises-20-south-china |archive-date=September 8, 2024 |access-date=September 8, 2024 |work=[[ReliefWeb]] |agency=[[Deutsche Presse-Agentur]]}}

</ref> The Nanliu River in [[Bobai County]] rose to {{convert|50.21|m|ft|abbr=on}}, or {{convert|0.71|m|ft|abbr=on}} above flood stage.<ref>{{cite news|date=2003-07-25|title=Typhoon Imbudo causes floods, high tides in south China|agency=Xinhua}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> In Guangxi, 12&nbsp;people died from storm damage or drowning, and at least 130&nbsp;livestock were killed. Imbudo destroyed 4,950&nbsp;houses,<ref name="gp"/> 3,170&nbsp;of which in the city of [[Yulin, Guangxi|Yulin]],<ref>{{cite news|date=2003-07-25|title=Typhoon Imbudo kills 6 in southern China|agency=Xinhua}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}}</ref> causing ¥499.6&nbsp;million (CNY, US$60.3&nbsp;million) in damage in the province.{{#tag:ref||group="nb"|name="cny"}}<ref name="gp"/> Across southern China, the typhoon damaged over 10&nbsp;million [[hectare]]s (25&nbsp;million [[acre]]s) of crop fields.<ref name="hko"/>

==Aftermath==
Immediately after the storm, the [[Philippine Air Force]] were mobilized to help deliver supplies and aid in search and rescue missions.<ref name="star723"/> On July&nbsp;24, President [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] declared that the National Disaster Coordinating Council would provide assistance to citizens affected by the typhoon. The president requested P134&nbsp;million (PHP, US$2.5&nbsp;million){{#tag:ref||group="nb"|name="php"}} for farmers to buy new seeds,<ref name="star724">{{cite news|newspaper=The Philippine Star|title=Typhoon Harurot Dead Toll Now 17|access-date=2013-10-08|date=2003-07-23|url=http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/ht/ht003598.htm|archive-date=2015-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610205758/http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/ht/ht003598.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and P35&nbsp;million (PHP, US$650,000){{#tag:ref||group="nb"|name="php"}} to rebuild the hard-hit Cagayan Valley, where Arroyo visited days after the storm struck.<ref name="star725"/> The government ultimately spent about P24&nbsp;million (PHP, US$435,000){{#tag:ref||group="nb"|name="php"}} in emergency aid for relocating storm victims, search and rescue operations, and assistance.<ref name="worldbank"/> In Mindanao, officials prepared 800&nbsp;bags of rice and various other food supplies due to the storm.<ref name="ocha724"/> Power and water outages persisted across Luzon for up to three weeks, causing many factories otherwise undamaged to close.<ref name="worldbank"/> In Isabela province, 25&nbsp;[[Tzu Chi]] volunteers provided supplies to 2,873&nbsp;houses.<ref name="tcf"/> The Philippine government provided rice, sardines, and coffee to many affected houses. Damaged houses were supposed to receive 1,000&nbsp;pesos, although few received the monetary aid. In the town of San Mariano in Isabela province, most farmers incurred more debt and continued their same general farming practice, despite sustaining heavy losses from the storm.<ref name="cbr">{{cite journal|author=Marco G.A. Huigen|author2=Isabella C. Jens|year=2006|title=Socio-Economic Impact of Super Typhoon Harurot in San Mariano, Isabela, the Philippines|journal=World Development|access-date=2013-10-08|url=http://cbr.tulane.edu/PDFs/huigenjens2006.pdf|doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.03.006|volume=34|issue=12|pages=2116–2136|archive-date=2013-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014115848/http://cbr.tulane.edu/PDFs/huigenjens2006.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Retirement===
{{See also|List of retired Pacific typhoon names}}
In 2004, the [[World Meteorological Organization]] [[List of retired Pacific typhoon names (JMA)|retired]] the name Imbudo and replaced it with [[List of storms named Molave|Molave]].<ref>{{cite report|page=31|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|title=Appendix 1C: List of Names for Tropical Cyclones Adopted by the Typhoon Committee for the Western North Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea|type=Typhoon Committee Operational Manual 2012 Edition|access-date=2012-08-02|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP-23EDITION2012.pdf|author=The Typhoon Committee|archive-date=2013-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801020116/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP-23EDITION2012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The PAGASA name Harurot was replaced with Hanna for the [[2007 Pacific typhoon season|2007 season]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Rudy A. Fernandez|newspaper=The Philippine Star|date=2007-08-10|title=Typhoon names? No shortage here|access-date=2013-10-10|url=http://www.philstar.com/news-feature/11810/typhoon-names-no-shortage-here|archive-date=2013-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012151002/http://www.philstar.com/news-feature/11810/typhoon-names-no-shortage-here|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Tropical cyclones}}
*[[Tropical cyclones in 2003]]
*[[Weather of 2003]]
*[[Typhoon Vera (1983)]]
*[[Typhoon Babs (1998)]]
*[[Typhoon Parma]] (2009)
*[[Typhoon Utor]] (2013)
*[[Typhoon Rammasun]] (2014)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center
**[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0307.pdf Best Track Data] of Typhoon Imbudo (0307) {{in lang|ja}}
**[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0307.png Best Track Data (Graphics)] of Typhoon Imbudo (0307)
**[http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html Best Track Data (Text)]
*[http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/200307.html.en JMA General Information] of Typhoon Imbudo (0307) from Digital Typhoon
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916161111/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2003/2003s-bwp/bwp092003.txt JTWC Best Track Data] of Super Typhoon 09W (Imbudo)
*[https://archive.today/20140813124005/http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc03/WPAC/09W.IMBUDO/ 09W.IMBUDO] from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

{{Retired Pacific typhoon names}}
{{Retired Philippine typhoon names}}
{{2003 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Imbudo (2003)}}
[[Category:Retired Pacific typhoons]]
[[Category:2003 Pacific typhoon season]]
[[Category:Typhoons in China]]
[[Category:2003 disasters in China|Typhoon Imbudo]]
[[Category:2003 disasters in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Typhoons in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2003|Imbudo]]
[[Category:Retired Philippine typhoon names]]