View source for Type 89 AFV

{{distinguish|text=the Japanese [[Mitsubishi Type 89 IFV]]}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Type 89 (YW534)
| image              = Sri Lanka Military 0226.jpg
| caption            = Type 89
| origin             = China
| type               = [[Armoured personnel carrier]]
| is_vehicle         = yes
| manufacturer       = [[Norinco]]
| wars               = [[Second Congo War]]<br>[[Internal Conflict in Myanmar]]<br>[[Tigray War]]<br>[[War in Amhara]]
| design_date        = 1980s
| production_date    = 1990-present
| length             = {{cvt|6.15|m}}
| width              = {{cvt|3.130|m}}
| height             = {{cvt|2.590|m}}
| weight             = {{convert|14.3|t|abbr=off}}
| suspension         = torsion bar
| speed              = {{cvt|66|km/h}}
| vehicle_range      = {{cvt|500|km}}
| primary_armament   = 1x [[W85 heavy machine gun|QJC88]] [[12.7mm]] anti-aircraft machine gun
| secondary_armament = 
| armour             = Welded steel hull, resist rounds up to 12.7mm
| engine             = [[Deutz AG|Deutz]] BF8L 413F 4-cycle air-cooled diesel
| kW                 = 
| crew               = 2 (commander and driver), 13 passengers
| engine_power       = {{cvt|320|hp}}
| pw_ratio           = 
}}

The Norinco '''Type 89 tracked armoured fighting vehicle''' is a Chinese [[armoured personnel carrier]].  It was developed from the earlier export market [[Type 85 AFV]] vehicle.  It entered service in the late 1990s and was first shown publicly in 1999.  There are approximately 1,000 in service.  It has the industrial index of '''WZ534''' and although it was mainly developed for the [[People's Liberation Army|PLA]], there is also an export version '''YW534'''.

In the 1990s, a new designator system was introduced in the PLA and the Type 89 APC is nowadays known as '''ZSD-89'''.

==Description==
When compared to the [[Type 85 AFV|Type 85]], the Type 89 is slightly larger and heavier.  The hull is made of welded steel, and provides protection against small arms fire.  The vehicle carries a maximum of 15 including crew.  The driver sits in the front left of the hull, and has a single piece hatch, which opens to the left. The driver is provided with three day periscopes which cover the front and right of the vehicle.  One of the driver's periscopes can be replaced by a night vision device. The commander sits behind the driver and has a single piece hatch.

The air-cooled, turbocharged diesel engine sits to the right rear of the driver. It has a large intake located in the top of the hull, with an exhaust on the right hand side. The engine feeds a manual transmission with five forward gears and one reverse gear. Track is driven at the front by a drive sprocket, and passes over five dual rubber-typed road wheels and track-return rollers, then loops over an idler at the rear, before returning to the front again.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005–2006}}</ref>

A 12.7 millimetre calibre machine gun is located in an open mount at the front of a small hatch in the center of the hull which opens into the troop compartment. The gun can traverse through 360 degrees and can be elevated to an angle of 90 degrees. Two oblong roof hatches and a large rear door provide access to the troop compartment. On either side of the forward hull, a cluster of four 76&nbsp;mm smoke grenade dischargers is mounted.

The vehicle is amphibious, a folding trim board stowed at the front of the hull needs to be raised, and the vehicle can then propel itself in the water using its tracks. Standard equipment includes an NBC system, a Type 889 or CWT-167 radio, and a Type 803 or CYY-168 intercom system.

Type 89A is developed in the 2010s as support vehicles for PLA's heavy mechanized brigades.<ref name="89A">{{cite web|url=https://min.news/military/c3fbe32f76202523e81cbcb1f2fe0c52.html|title=89改履带式装甲侦察车侦查设备亮相，引导05式自行火炮打击 |language=Chinese}}</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:SecureRoute2018-12.jpg|thumb|ZSD-89]]

===Type 89===
Baseline Type 89 AFV, developed in 1980s.
* '''Type 89 Tracked Armoured Personnel Carrier''' or '''Type WZ534''' – Basic version, as described. Military designator: '''ZSD-89'''.
* '''Type 89 Infantry Fighting Vehicle''' or '''Type YW307''' – Fitted with a one-man turret with 25&nbsp;mm automatic gun (400 rounds) and 7.62&nbsp;mm coaxial machine gun (1,000 rounds). Crew: 3+7. Military designator: '''ZSD-89-II'''.
* '''Type 89 Armored Command Vehicle''' – Fitted with a higher roofline and with a longer chassis with 6 double road wheels either side. Armament consists of a 12.7&nbsp;mm HMG on the commander's station behind the driver.
* '''Type 89 Armored Ambulance''' or '''Type WZ752''' – Unarmed ambulance with a red cross mark on each side.
* '''Type 89 Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle''' or '''Type WZ731''' – Variant for armored reconnaissance: '''ZZC-01'''.
* '''Type 89 Artillery Front-line Observation Vehicle''' or '''GCL-45''' – Variant for artillery forward observers, equipped with an unarmed turret with observation devices. Military designator. Military designator: '''ZZC-05'''.
* '''Type 89 Recce Radar Carrier''' – Equipped with a battlefield surveillance radar on a crane. Military designator: '''ZZC-02'''.
* '''Type 89 Refuelling Vehicle''' – Transport vehicle for fuel and lubricants, fitted with a higher troop compartment. Offered for export as the '''Amphibious Armoured Refuelling Vehicle'''.
* '''Type 89 Recovery Vehicle''' – Maintenance and recovery variant, fitted with a light crane on the left side of the hull roof, and a machine gun cupola in the roof center. Military designator: '''ZJX-93''' (also called '''Type 93''').
* '''Type 89 Supply Vehicle''' – Similar to the recovery variant and also equipped with a light crane, but the commander's cupola with HMG is located behind the driver's position. Military designator: '''ZHB-94'''.
* '''Type 89 AT missile carrier''' – ATGM carrier vehicle with double launch system for wire-guided [[HJ-8]] missiles. A total of 12 missiles is carried on board. Military designator: '''ZDF-1''' or '''ZDF-89'''.
* '''Type 89 Mine-Laying Vehicle''' – Has a modified rear hull that mounts a scatterable mine system, consisting of 6 launchers. Each launcher has 36 tubes of 122&nbsp;mm with each tube containing 5 SATM mines, 15 SAPM mines, 45 SAPEM mines or a mix of SAPM and SAPEM mines. Military designator: '''GBL-130'''.
* '''Type 89 Obstacle-Removing Vehicle''' – Crowd-control variant for the [[People's Armed Police|PAP]], equipped with an obstacle clearing blade.

===Type 89A===
[[File:Vostok2018-08.jpg|thumb|Type 89A Armored Ambulance can be seen in the background behind the [[Dongfeng Mengshi|CSK-131]] high mobility vehicle]]
Type 89A has extended chassis, higher roofline, and side armor is completely vertically welded (whereas Type 89 is sloped). The armor is reinforced with better ballistic protection, comparing to the original Type 89. The vehicle chassis features side-skirt with a distinctive wave pattern. Type 89A is developed in 2000s, complementing [[ZBD-04]] series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv10323615 |title=解放军89装输改一览 |language=Chinese |date=16 March 2021}}</ref>
* '''Type 89A Armored Personnel Carrier (ZSD-89A)''' – Type 89A base model with armor-plated 12.7&nbsp;mm HMG turret.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.janes.com/pla-deploys-plz-10-mortars-with-71st-group-army/znljk3dhvu9mz28xajrjvkc5dvi5vfp1cvmwpq2 |title= PLA deploys PLZ-10 mortars with 71st Group Army |website=Janes |date=14 April 2023 }}</ref>
* '''Type 89A Armored Command Vehicle''' – Type 89A extended chassis with [[command and control]] equipment, and a 12.7&nbsp;mm HMG for self-defense.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/29171/Chinese_Army_Commissions_New_Type_of_Infantry_Fighting_Vehicle#.YG0lbJ30mUk |title=Chinese Army Commissions New Type of Infantry Fighting Vehicle | website=Defense World |date=19 March 2021}}</ref>
* '''Type 89A Armored Communication Vehicle''' – Type 89A extended chassis with additional communication equipment. 
* '''Type 89A Armored Ambulance''' – Unarmed ambulance with a higher roofline and with a longer chassis with 6 double road wheels either side.
* '''Type 89A Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle''' – Armed with [[ZBL-08]] turret with electro-optical sensors, radars on a telescopic mast, and an UAV launcher rail.<ref name="recon">{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/401568782_120675741 |title=千里眼，顺风耳！解放军新一代侦察车大盘点  |language=Chinese |date=12 June 2020|website=Sohu News}}</ref> Aerial reconnaissance capabilities are provided with various unmanned aerial vehicles. All reconnaissance vehicles are equipped with a launch rail behind the turret, capable of launching [[Aisheng UAV|ASN-15]] with {{convert|10|km|mi}} range and one-hour endurance. [[Harbin BZK-005|BZK UAV]] can also be stored and assembled on the spot if longer-range aerial reconnaissance is needed. In addition, individual scouts are equipped with hand-launched remote-controlled [[Miniature UAV|SUAV]] similar to [[AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven|RQ-11 Raven]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.qq.com/omn/20210218/20210218A04JSB00.html |title=72 Group Army showcases Type 08 Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle and Drones|language=Chinese|website=Tencent News|date=18 February 2021}}</ref>
* '''Type 89A Artillery Reconnaissance Vehicle''' – Fitted with a higher roofline and with a longer chassis, and equipped with a battlefield surveillance radar on a retractable mast.<ref name="recon" />
* '''Type 89A Electro-Optical Reconnaissance Vehicle''' – Fitted with electro-optical sensors and radars for battlefield surveillance missions. The vehicle features CS/LK5, a remote weapon station mounting QJC-88 for self-defense purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://xw.qq.com/cmsid/20210503A0186U00?f=newdc |title= 西藏军区某合成营新型89改装甲侦察车亮相，采用遥控武器站}}</ref>
* '''PLZ-10''' – 120&nbsp;mm self-Propelled gun-mortar based on Type 89A chassis. The primary armament of the PLZ-10 is a 120 mm rifled gun-mortar, with a range of {{cvt|1.2-13.5|km|mi}} and support both direct and indirect fire support mode. The turret has a 360° traverse and a -4 ° to +80° vertical elevation. The hull contains 36 various types of mortar rounds. Secondary 12.7 mm heavy machine gun is mounted on the roof for self-defense.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/pla-deploys-plz-10-mortars-with-71st-group-army |title=PLA deploys PLZ-10 mortars with 71st Group Army |website=Janes |date=14 April 2023 |first=Kapil |last=Kajal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2017-11/06/content_7813907_10.htm |title=Infantrymen lock ground targets in live-fire training|website=China Military |date=6 November 2017}}</ref>

===Export===
* '''[[Type 90 AFV]]''' or '''Type YW535'''
* '''VP1''' – Export name for ZSD-89 armored personal carrier.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 November 2021 |first=Mayank |last=Parasar |title=Nigerian Army unveils Chinese APCs |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/land/nigerian-army-unveils-chinese-apcs |website=Janes}}</ref>
* '''ST-2''' – Also called '''ST2'''. Fire support variant, based on extended Type 89 hull with 6 road wheels, fitted with [[WZ-551#Export|WMA301]]/[[Type 08#Export Variant|ST-1]] turret with [[NATO]]-compatible 105 mm tank gun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/tanks/st2.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181030143317/http://www.military-today.com/tanks/st2.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=October 30, 2018|title=ST2 Light tank|website=military-today.com|access-date=23 July 2022}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:Type 89 operators.png|thumb|400px|Map of Type 89 operators in blue]]

<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

* {{ETH}} 10 purchased in 2013 for operations in Somalia.
** [[Tigray Defense Forces]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oryx|title=The Tigray Defence Forces – Documenting Its Heavy Weaponry|url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/09/the-tigray-defence-forces-documenting.html|access-date=2021-09-03|website=Oryx Blog}}</ref>
* {{MYA}} – ZJX-93 (Type-93)
* {{PRC}} – 1,500 ZSD-89/A APC; 900 PLZ-10 Gun-Mortar;<ref name="IISS2021_p251">{{cite book |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title = The Military Balance 2021 | publisher = Routledge | year = 2021 | isbn = 9781032012278 | author-link = International Institute for Strategic Studies | page = 251}}</ref>
* {{SRI}}
* {{ZIM}} – ZSD-89-II, used during the [[Second Congo War]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uXZAwAAQBAJ|title=Great Lakes Conflagration: Second Congo War, 1998 2003|last=Cooper|first=Tom|publisher=Helion & Company Limited|year=2013|isbn=978-1-920143-84-8|location=UK|page=42}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Nigeria}} –&nbsp;60 delivered in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Guy |date=2021-10-28 |title=Nigeria confirmed to be operating Type 89 IFVs |url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/nigeria-confirmed-to-be-operating-type-89-ifvs/ |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=defenceWeb |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[ZBD-04A]], infantry fighting vehicle complementing Type 89 and Type 89A APC.
* [[M113]]
* [[MT-LB]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014005547/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/armour/type89.asp Sinodefence – Type 89]
* [http://www.defencetalk.com/pictures/showgallery.php/cat/3537 Pictures of the Type 89 on Defencetalk]
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/armour/zsd89.asp|title=Type 89 IFV|work=China Defence Today|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212110638/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/armour/zsd89.asp|archivedate=2007-12-12}}
{{PRCAFVs}}

[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Tracked armoured personnel carriers]]