View source for Type 052 destroyer

{{short description|Class of Chinese guided missile destroyers}}
{{Distinguish|Type 52 gunboat}}
{{redirect|Type 052|other uses|Type 52 (disambiguation)}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - 20 Years of Cooperation with the Chinese Navy (5).jpg
| Ship caption = ''Qingdao'' at Haifa port, Israel in 2012
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
| Name = 
| Builders = [[Jiangnan Shipyard]]
| Operators = {{navy|CHN}} [[People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force|Surface Force]]
| Class before = [[Type 051 destroyer|Type 051]]
| Class after = [[Type 051B destroyer|Type 051B]]
| Subclasses = 
| Cost = 
| Built range = 1990 – 1996
| In service range = 1994 – present
| In commission range = 
| Total ships building = 
| Total ships planned = 
| Total ships completed = 2
| Total ships cancelled = 
| Total ships active = 2
| Total ships laid up = 
| Total ships lost = 
| Total ships retired = 
| Total ships preserved = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = 
| Ship class = 
| Ship type = [[Guided-missile destroyer]]
| Ship tonnage = 
| Ship displacement = 4,674 tons<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship length = {{convert|144|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship beam = {{convert|16|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship height = 
| Ship draught = {{convert|5.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship draft = 
| Ship depth = 
| Ship hold depth = 
| Ship decks = 
| Ship deck clearance = 
| Ship ramps = 
| Ship ice class = 
| Ship power = 
| Ship propulsion = *2 x [[General Electric LM2500]] gas turbines ({{convert|55000|shp|kW|-2|abbr=on}}) (112)<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*2 x Zorya-Mashproekt DA80 gas turbines ({{convert|48600|shp|kW|-2|abbr=on}}) (113)<ref name="collins-grubb_2008_36"/><ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*2 x [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU]] 12V 1163 TB83 diesels ({{convert|8840|shp|kW|-2|abbr=on}})<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship sail plan = 
| Ship speed = {{convert|31|kn|abbr=on}}<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship range = {{convert|5000|nmi|abbr=on}} at 15 kn<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship endurance = 
| Ship test depth = 
| Ship boats = 
| Ship capacity = 
| Ship troops = 
| Ship complement = 266<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship crew = 
| Ship time to activate = 
| Ship sensors = *Type 517B air search radar<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*Type 363S air/surface search radar<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*Type 364 surface search radar<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*Type 344 fire control radar<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*Type 345 fire control radar<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*DUBV 23 hull mounted sonar<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*Linear towed array sonar<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship EW = *Rapids (ESM)<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*Scimitar (ECM)<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship armament = *4 × 4 [[YJ-83]] [[anti-ship missile]]s<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*1 × 8-cell [[HQ-7]] [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]]<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*1 × twin 100&nbsp;mm/56 [[Type 79 100 mm naval gun|H/PJ-33B]] gun<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*2 x [[Type 730 CIWS]]<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*2 x triple 324 mm Whitehead B515 torpedo tubes carrying [[Yu-7 torpedo|Yu-7]]<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*2 x 12-tube FQF 2500 ASW rocket launchers<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship armour = 
| Ship armor = 
| Ship aircraft = 2 [[helicopter]]s: [[Harbin Z-9|Harbin Z-9C]]<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship aircraft facilities = *Landing platform<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*Hangar<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
*DCN Samahe 110N helicopter landing system<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Ship notes = 
}}
|}

The '''Type 052''' (NATO/[[Office of the Secretary of Defense|OSD]] '''Luhu-class destroyer'''<ref>{{cite web |title=China Equipment |url=https://www.oni.navy.mil/Portals/12/Intel%20agencies/China_Media/China_Equipment.pdf?ver=2015-12-10-103822-400 |website=United States Navy Office of Naval Intelligence |date=February 2015 |access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>) is a [[ship class|class]] of [[destroyer]]s developed in the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) for the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] (PLAN). The Type 052 was an intermediate between the obsolescent [[Type 051 destroyer|Type 051]]<ref name="kirchberger_2015_186">Kirchberger (2015): page 186</ref> and the modern [[Type 052B destroyer]]s.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_195">Kirchberger (2015): page 195</ref><ref name="mcdevitt_2017_57">McDevitt (2017): page 57</ref> They were the first PLAN destroyers powered by [[gas turbine]]s,<ref name="mcdevitt_2017_57"/> and the first PLAN ships with modern combat direction systems (CDS).<ref name="kirchberger_2015_186"/> They were also part of the first generation of PLAN warships armed with [[surface-to-air missile]]s in the form of the short-range [[Crotale (missile)|Crotale]] (called [[HQ-7]] in Chinese service.)<ref name="kirchberger_2015_231">Kirchberger (2015): page 231</ref>

The Type 052 used subsystems imported from the [[United States]] and the [[European Union]]. The embargo after the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre]] ended the supply of and support for those subsystems, limiting production to two ships<ref name="kirchberger_2015_186"/> and likely affecting their operating efficiency due to system integration issues.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_186"/> Afterward, China turned to [[Russia]] and [[Ukraine]] for technology.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_143">Kirchberger (2015): page 143</ref><ref name="kirchberger_2015_195"/>

==Programme==
The Type 052 was the first PLAN warship where the CDS was designed before the ship.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_186"/> The CDS, possible the ZKJ-6 based on the [[Italy|Italian]] IPN-10 or IPN-20,<ref name="kirchberger_2015_188">Kirchberger (2015): page 188</ref> began development in 1983 and underwent land-based testing in December 1986.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_186"/> Two ships were ordered in 1985, but delayed by export orders to [[Thailand]]. The first, ''[[Chinese destroyer Harbin (112)|Harbin]]'', was laid down in November 1990 and commissioned in July 1994. ''[[Chinese destroyer Qingdao (113)|Qingdao]]'' was commissioned in March 1996.<ref name="jfs_2015-2016">{{cite book |editor-last=Saunders |editor-first=Stephan |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |date=2015 |page=141 |isbn=978-0710631435}}</ref>

In 2003, ''Harbin'' was refitted with a low radar profile 100mm gun turret in 2003; ''Qingdao'' followed in 2005.<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>

A major refit began in 2010 for ''Harbin'' and ''Qingdao'' in 2011 which included changes to sensors and weapons, gas turbine replacement, and some hull work.<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>

==Design==

===Machinery===
The ships were completed with different gas turbines due to the embargo; ''Harbin'' with two [[General Electric LM2500]]s from the United States, and ''Qingdao'' with two Zorya-Mashproekt DA80s from [[Ukraine]].<ref name="collins-grubb_2008_36">Collins and Grubb (2008): page 36</ref>

===Sensors===
The original sensors included the [[Type 518 radar|Type 518]] air search radar, the [[Type 362 radar|Type 362]] search radar,<ref name="jfs_2009-2010">{{cite book |editor-last=Saunders |editor-first=Stephan |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2009-2010 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |page=138 |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-7106-2888-6}}</ref> and the French<ref name="collins-grubb_2008_32">Collins and Grubb (2008): page 32</ref> DUBV-43 variable depth sonar.<ref name="jfs_2009-2010"/> These were replaced during the 2010 refit with the [[Type 517 radar]], the [[Type 362 radar]], and a linear towed array sonar respectively.<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>

===Weapons===
The ships are armed with an octuple HQ-7/Crotale launcher, and a total of 32 missiles.<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/> France agreed to sell the missile systems in 1986, and they were delivered after October 1990.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gill |first1=Bates |last2=Taeho |first2=Kim |title=China's Arms Acquisitions from Abroad: A Quest for 'Superb and Secret Weapons' |series=SIPRI Research Repor |volume=11 |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=79 |date=1995 |isbn=0-19-829195-7}}</ref>

Four [[Type 76 twin 37 mm naval gun|Type 76A twin 37 mm guns]] were installed at construction. They were removed during 2010 refit, and the aft pair replaced by a pair of [[Type 730 CIWS]].<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>

===Other===
The CDS installed on the Type 052 is unclear.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_186"/><ref name="kirchberger_2015_187">Kirchberger (2015): page 187</ref> One ship may have received the [[Thomson-CSF]] TAVITAC; the PRC bought two TAVITACs from France in the 1980s.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_185">Kirchberger (2015): page 185</ref> The TAVITAC may be known as, or modified into, the ZKJ-5 CDS in PRC service.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_188"/> The other ship may have received the ZKJ-6.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_187"/><ref name="kirchberger_2015_188"/>

The quarterdecks were built open, and enclosed during the 2010 refit.<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>

The ships may have had severe survivability issues like earlier PLAN warships. Observations by foreign visitors to ''Harbin'' in March 1997 suggested limited damage control capability and crew safety features.<ref name="kirchberger_2015_186"/>

==Operational history==
''Qingdao'' participated in the PLAN's first cruise to [[Circumnavigation|circumnavigate]] Earth in 2002. German technicians were flown in to repair its diesel engines during the cruise.<ref name="collins-grubb_2008_32"/>

==Ships of the class==
{| class="wikitable"
! Number !!style="line-height:1.2em;"| Pennant <br>number !! Name !! Namesake !! Builder !! Launched !! Commissioned !! Fleet !! Status
|-
| 1
| 112<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| ''[[Chinese destroyer Harbin (112)|哈尔滨 / Harbin]]''<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| City of [[Harbin]], <br>provincial capital of [[Heilongjiang]]
| [[Jiangnan Shipyard]]<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| October 1991<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| July 1994<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| North Sea Fleet<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Active<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
|-
| 2
| 113<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| ''[[Chinese destroyer Qingdao (113)|青岛 / Qingdao]]''
| City of [[Qingdao]]
|Jiangnan Shipyard
| October 1993<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| March 1996<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| North Sea Fleet<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
| Active<ref name="jfs_2015-2016"/>
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Defense.gov News Photo 970309-N-9815L-005.jpg|''Harbin'' at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 1997 with the original main gun turret.
People's Liberation Army Navy LUHU Destroyer, Harbin (DDG112).jpg|''Harbin'' at Auckland, New Zealand, in 2007 with the low radar profile turret.
CNS_Qingdao_(DDG-113).jpg|''Qingdao'' in 2013 after the major refit.
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of naval ship classes in service]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Type 052 destroyer}}
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |last1=Collins |first1=Gabriel |last2=Grubb |first2=Michael C. |date=August 2008 |title=A Comprehensive Survey of China's Dynamic Shipbuilding Industry |series=China Maritime Studies |volume=1 |url=https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-red-books/9/ |publisher=[[United States Naval War College]] |page= |isbn=978-1-884733-54-3 |access-date=18 March 2022}}
*{{cite book |last=Kirchberger |first=Sarah |date=2015 |title=Assessing China's Naval Power: Technological Innovation, Economic Constraints, and Strategic Implications |series=Global Power Shift |url= |location= |publisher=Springer |page= |isbn=978-3-662-47127-2 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=McDevitt |first1=Michael |date=2017 |title=The Modern PLA Navy Destroyer Force |url=https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-red-books/13/ |journal=CSMI Red Book |volume=14 |pages=55–65 |publisher=[[Naval War College|United States Naval War College]] |isbn=978-1-935352-45-7 |access-date=28 April 2019 }}

{{Type 052 destroyer}}
{{Ship classes of the Chinese Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Type 052 Destroyer}}
[[Category:Destroyer classes]]
[[Category:Type 052 destroyers| ]]