View source for Turks in Spain

{{Infobox Ethnic group
| group            = Spanish Turks
| native_name      = İspanya'daki Türkler
| native_name_lang = tr
| flag             = {{flagicon|Turkey}}  {{flagicon|Spain}}
| image            = 
| caption          = {{flagicon|Turkey}}   {{flagicon|Spain}}
| popplace         = {{flatlist|
* [[Barcelona]]
* [[Madrid]]
* [[Balearic Islands]]
}}
| langs            = [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
| rels             = Predominantly [[Sunni Islam]] <br/>Minority [[Alevism]], [[Christianity]], Other religions, or [[Irreligion|Irreligious]]
| related_groups   = [[Turks in Italy]], [[Turks in France]], [[Turks in Mexico]]
| population       = Turkish citizens only: 10,000 (2015 estimate)<ref>{{citation|year=2016|title=Especial: una historia de las relaciones hispano-turcas|url=https://www.trt.net.tr/espanol/iberoamerica/2016/07/17/iberoamerica-17-07-2016-517527|publisher=[[Turkish Radio and Television Corporation|TRT]]|quote=Hay 5.746 ciudadanos turcos en Madrid al cabo de 2015; 3.163 en Barcelona, todos registrados en los consulados de Turquía.|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref> <br/> (excludes Spanish-born and naturalized citizens of Turkish origin; also excludes [[Bulgarian Turks|Turkish Bulgarians]], [[Turkish Cypriots]], [[Turks in Romania|Turkish Romanians]] etc.)
}}
{{Turkish people}}
'''Turks in Spain''' ({{langx|tr|{{italics correction|İspanya'daki Türkler}}}}), or '''Spanish Turks''', refers to ethnic [[Turkish people|Turks]] who have emigrated to [[Spain]] as well as the growing Spanish-born community with full or partial Turkish origins. The Turkish Spanish community includes descendants who originate from the [[Republic of Turkey]] as well as other post-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] modern nation-states, especially [[Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire|ethnic Turkish communities]] from the [[Balkans]] (e.g. [[Bulgaria]] and [[Romania]]), and to a lesser extent from the island of [[Cyprus]], and other parts of the [[Levant]].

==History==
===Turkish migration from Turkey===
===Turkish migration from the Balkans===
====Bulgaria====
{{seealso|Bulgarian Turks|Bulgarians in Spain}}
The migration waves of Turkish Bulgarians to Spain began as early as the late  1980s. It was a consequence of the ongoing “Revival Process” under communist rule (1984–1989). The aggressive [[Bulgarisation]] policies pursued by the communist rule was met with resistance by the Turkish population with many sent to prison or the [[Belene labour camp]] and then extradited from Bulgaria; consequently, many Turkish Bulgarians fled to Turkey and Western Europe, including Spain.<ref>{{citation|last=Maeva|first=Mila|year=2008|chapter=Modern Migration Waves of Bulgarian Turks|title=Dynamics of National Identity and Transnational Identities in the Process of European Integration|editor-last=Marushiakova|editor-first=Elena|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|pages=227–229|isbn=9781847184719}}</ref> Since the early 2000s, there has been a significant increase in the number of citizens from [[Bulgaria]] who have emigrated to Spain. Among these immigrants are ethnic [[Bulgarian Turks|Turkish Bulgarians]] who, alongside ethnic Bulgarians (as well as [[Bulgarian Muslims|Pomaks]], [[Armenians in Bulgaria|Armenians]] and other minority groups), have settled in [[Catalonia]], [[Madrid]], [[Alicante]] and [[Valencia]].<ref>{{citation|last1=Gómez-Mestres|first1=Sílvia|last2=Molina|first2=Jose Luis|year=2010|title=Les nouvelles migrations dans l'Europe : chaînes migratoires, établissement et réseaux sociaux des Bulgares en Espagne et en Catalogne|volume=12|issue=2|page=9|quote=En ce qui concerne l’ethnie à lequel appartiennent les Bulgares qui viennent en Espagne, on peut dire qu’on trouvera très difficilement d’établissements clairement ethniques en Espagne, à l’exception des Pomaks qui résident à Tafalla. Même si les appartenances sont très variées — Turcs, Pomaks, Rroms, Arméniens — en règle générale les groupes cohabitent sans apparente distinction.|journal=Balkanologie|doi=10.4000/balkanologie.2211 }}</ref>

====Romania====
{{seealso|Turks of Romania|Romanians in Spain}}
Between 2002 and 2011 there was a significant decrease in the population of the [[Turks of Romania|Turkish Romanian]] minority group due to the admission of [[Romania]] into the [[European Union]] and the subsequent relaxation of the travelling and migration regulations. Hence, Turkish Romanians, especially from the [[Dobruja]] region, have joined other Romanian citizens (e.g. ethnic [[Romanians]], [[Tatars of Romania|Tatars]], etc.) in migrating mostly to Spain, Germany, Austria, Italy, and the UK.<ref>{{citation|last=Catalina Andreea|first=Mihai|year=2016|title=Cultural resilience or the Interethnic Dobrujan Model as a Black Sea alternative to EuroIslam in the Romanian Turkish-Tatar community|page=150|publisher=University of Bergamo}}</ref>

===Turkish migration from the diaspora===
{{seealso|British migration to Spain}}
There has also been ethnic Turkish migration to Spain from the modern [[Turkish diaspora]], most notably [[British Turks]] and [[Turks in Germany|German Turks]] who have arrived in Spain as [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Germany|German]] citizens.

== Demographics==
The majority of Turks in Spain are recent immigrants and mainly live in [[Catalonia]] (especially in [[Barcelona]]) followed by the [[Community of Madrid]] and the [[Valencian Community]] (especially in [[Alicante]]). Smaller communities have also been formed in [[Andalusia]] and the [[Balearic Islands]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Instituto Nacional de Estadistica|title=Población por Nacionalidad, provincias, sexo y año |url=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?type=pcaxis&path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=03005.px|access-date=2009-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Instituto Nacional de Estadistica|title=Población por Nacionalidad, comunidades, sexo y año|url=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?type=pcaxis&path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=02005.px|access-date=2009-05-27}}</ref>

== Organisations and associations ==
*[[Alliance of Civilizations]], a forum sponsored by [[Turkey]] and [[Spain]]
*Casa Turca<ref>{{cite web|url=http://casaturca.org/queines-somos/|title=Quiénes somos|website=Casa Turca|language=es|access-date=2015-02-13|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222191146/http://casaturca.org/queines-somos/|archive-date=2015-02-22}}</ref>

== Notable Turks in Spain ==
{{further|:Category:Spanish people of Turkish descent}}
* [[Ümit Hussein]], literary translator and interpreter (born in the [[UK]]; [[Turkish Cypriots|Turkish Cypriot]] parents)<ref name=Moore>{{citation|last=Moore|first=Sarah|year=2019|title=The Language of Non-Existence: Ümit Hussein on Translating Burhan Sönmez|url=https://www.asymptotejournal.com/blog/2019/12/12/the-language-of-non-existence-umit-hussein-on-translating-burhan-sonmez/|publisher=[[Asymptote (magazine)|Asymptote Journal]]|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> 
* [[Hussein Salem]], businessman (born in [[Egypt]]; Turkish mother and Arab father)<ref>{{citation|last=Yehia|first=Karem|year=2011|title=Hussein Salem: A businessman from the times of crony capitalism|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/14777/Egypt/Politics-/Hussein-Salem-A-businessman-from-the-times-of-cron.aspx|publisher=[[Al-Ahram]]|quote=Salem took on the responsibility of working and providing for his mother (Hosnia Tabozada who was of Turkish origins|access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref> 
* [[Sercan Sararer]], football player (born in [[Germany]]; Turkish father and Spanish [[Catalans|Catalan]] mother)

== See also ==
{{portal|Turkey|Spain}}
*[[Spain–Turkey relations]]
*[[La Pasión Turca]]
*[[Immigration to Spain]]
*[[Turks in Europe]]
**[[British Turks]]
**[[Turks in France]]
**[[Turks in Italy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}

{{Immigration to Spain}}
{{Ethnic groups of Spain}}
{{Turkish diaspora}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turks In Spain}}
[[Category:Turkish diaspora by country|Spain]]
[[Category:Turkish diaspora in Europe|Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish people of Turkish descent| ]]
[[Category:Muslim communities in Europe]]
[[Category:Spain–Turkey relations]]