View source for Turkish diaspora

{{Short description|Communities of Turks outside Turkey}}
{{about|the Turkish diaspora|the list of figures which includes all those of Turkish descent by country|Turkish population}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Turkish diaspora
| image            = Map of the Turkish Diaspora in the World.svg
| caption          = Map of the Turkish people around the world
| population       = 6.5 million (2025)
| region2          = [[Americas]]
| pop2             = 
| region3          = [[Europe]]
| pop3             = 
| region4          = [[West Asia]] and Other
| pop4             = 
| languages        = [[Turkish language]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[Religion in Turkey]]|[[Islam]]|[[Christianity]]|[[Judaism]]|[[Irreligion]]}}
}}
The '''Turkish diaspora''' ({{langx|tr|Türk diasporası}} or ''Türk gurbetçiler'') refers to ethnic Turkish people who have migrated from, or are the descendants of migrants from, the [[Republic of Turkey]], [[Northern Cyprus]] or other modern nation-states that were once part of the former [[Ottoman Empire]]. Therefore, the Turkish diaspora is not only formed by people with roots from mainland [[Anatolia]] and [[Eastern Thrace]] (i.e. the modern Turkish borders); rather, it is also formed of [[Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire|Turkish communities]] which have also left traditional areas of Turkish settlements in the [[Balkans]] (such as [[Bulgaria]], [[Greece]], [[Republic of North Macedonia|North Macedonia]], [[Romania]], etc.), the island of [[Cyprus]], the region of [[Meskhetia]] in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], and the [[Arab world]] (such as [[Algeria]], [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]]).

In particular, most mainland Turkish migration has been to [[Western Europe|Western]] and [[Northern Europe]]. Meanwhile, almost all the Turkish minorities in former Ottoman lands have a large diaspora in Turkey, many having migrated as ''[[muhacir]]s'' (refugees); furthermore, the [[Cretan Turks]] have migrated throughout the [[Levant]]; [[Turkish Cypriots|Cypriot Turks]] have a significant diaspora in the English-speaking countries (especially the [[UK]] and [[Australia]]); the [[Meskhetian Turks]] have a large diaspora in [[Central Asia]]; and [[Turks in Algeria|Algerian Turks]] and [[Turks in Tunisia|Tunisian Turks]] have mostly settled in [[France]]. Since [[Bulgarian Turks]] and [[Romanian Turks]] gained [[EU citizenship]] in [[2007 enlargement of the European Union|2007]], their diasporas in Western Europe significantly increased once restrictions on movement came to a halt in 2012.

== Europe ==
{{Main|Turks in Europe}}

As early as 1997 Professor Servet Bayram and Professor Barbara Seels said that there was 10 million Turks living in Western Europe and the Balkans (i.e. excluding Cyprus and Turkey).<ref>{{citation|last1=Bayram|first1=Servet|last2=Seels|first2=Barbara|year=1997|title=The Utilization of Instructional Technology in Turkey|journal=Educational Technology Research and Development|volume=45|issue=1|page=112|publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]]|doi=10.1007/BF02299617|s2cid=62176630|quote=There are about 10 million Turks living in the Balkan area of southeastern Europe and in western Europe at present.}}</ref> By 2010, Boris Kharkovsky from the Center for Ethnic and Political Science Studies said that there was up to 15 million Turks living in the [[European Union]].<ref>{{citation|year=2010|title=52% of Europeans say no to Turkey's EU membership|url=https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2010/02/02/turkey-europe/106730?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=5cadc325e9d6de274da7044b445bd172c7b2029e-1604753955-0-AVhYEz2aOybvH-qEPBsvvTpaib38A35FbqAgn6teGWuWeh48U9WebMfgeB7pDyti835gLNeS-jECj7JcmXfoYgHhsVqp5x66C2BKTSFGiVGxiw5PqhftOHz7nsSSjTFeaTP0PCXi7AWAmZmQvPS_UAXOWa5sA89tJ0mQObkZjZs3YvMe4mPkL3GRVgW7lkY67Wbd2ObEVwY8WkH8mjSEmlh2nN0XPKt9uF4ez2dmVArsQ-OEeET6EbYl19R6K6OB_o1zllMxypQhTFvwELlCScPf432jttv_ho4iUHZPKOqyXiG_TqKXWttoh6QAbveQgyOmNvsevk84nDkqw_NQhUo|publisher=[[Aysor]]|quote=This is not all of a sudden, says expert at the Center for Ethnic and Political Science Studies, Boris Kharkovsky. "These days, up to 15 million Turks live in the EU countries...|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> According to Dr Araks Pashayan 10 million "Euro-Turks" alone were living in Germany, [[France]], the Netherlands and [[Belgium]] in 2012.<ref name=Pashayan>{{citation |last=Pashayan|first=Araks|year=2012|chapter=Integration of Muslims in Europe and the Gülen|title=European Muslims, Civility and Public Life: Perspectives On and From the Gülen Movement|editor1-last=Weller|editor1-first=Paul|editor2-last=Ihsan|editor2-first=Yilmaz|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMmIs4NmqIC&q=There+are+around+10+million+Euro-Turks+living+in+the+European+Union+countries+of+Germany%2C+France%2C+the+Netherlands+and+Belgium.&pg=PA82|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|isbn=978-1-4411-0207-2|quote=There are around 10 million Euro-Turks living in the European Union countries of Germany, France, the Netherlands and Belgium.}}</ref> Furthermore, there are significant Turkish communities living in [[Austria]], the [[UK]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], [[Liechtenstein]] and the [[Scandinavia]]n countries. Meanwhile, approximately 400,000 [[Meskhetian Turks]] live in Europe .<ref name="Al Jazeera" />

In addition to the modern Turkish diaspora in Europe, there are also traditional [[Turkish minorities|Turkish communities]] in post-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] nation-states. For example, [[Turkish Cypriots]] and Turkish settlers living in [[North Cyprus]] number around 300,000 to 500,000. In addition, in [[Southeastern Europe]] there is over 1 million Turks living in the [[Balkan]] countries (i.e. [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Greece]], [[Kosovo]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Romania]] and [[Serbia]]).<ref name="Dursun-Özkanca">{{citation |last=Dursun-Özkanca|first=Oya|year=2019|title=Turkey–West Relations: The Politics of Intra-alliance Opposition|page=40|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-108-48862-4|quote=One-fifth of the Turkish population is estimated to have Balkan origins. Additionally, more than one million Turks live in Balkan countries, constituting a bridge between these countries and Turkey. }}</ref> Since the 20th century, these ethnic Turkish communities have also migrated to Western Europe and have enlarged the Turkish diaspora significantly (e.g. [[Algerian Turks]] have mostly settled in France; [[Bulgarian Turks]] have migrated mostly to Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden; Turkish Cypriots have a large population in the UK; [[Turks in North Macedonia|Macedonian Turks]] have migrated mostly to Sweden; [[Turks in Tunisia|Tunisian Turks]] have migrated mostly to France and Italy; and [[Turks of Western Thrace|Western Thrace Turks]] have mostly migrated to Germany and the Netherlands). More recently, since the "[[European migrant crisis]]" (2014–20), [[Iraqi Turkmen|Iraqi Turks]], [[Kosovo Turks]] and [[Syrian Turkmen|Syrian Turks]] have also settled in areas where there are large Turkish diasporas.

Consequently, within the diaspora, ethnic Turkish people now form the largest minority group in [[Austria]], [[Denmark]], [[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{citation |last1=Al-Shahi|first1=Ahmed|last2=Lawless|first2=Richard|year=2013|chapter=Introduction|title=Middle East and North African Immigrants in Europe: Current Impact; Local and National Responses|publisher=[[Routledge]]|page=13|isbn=978-1-136-87280-8}}</ref>

In March 2017, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated to the Turks in Europe, "Make not three, but five children. Because you are the future of Europe. That will be the best response to the injustices against you." This has been interpreted as an imperialist call for demographic warfare.<ref>{{cite news|title='You Are the Future of Europe,' Erdogan Tells Turks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/world/europe/erdogan-turkey-future-of-europe.html|last=Goldman|first=Russell|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 March 2017|access-date=17 March 2017|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810194238/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/world/europe/erdogan-turkey-future-of-europe.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to ''[[The Economist]]'', Erdoğan is the first Turkish leader to take the Turkish diaspora seriously, which has created friction within these diaspora communities and between the Turkish government and several of its European counterparts.<ref>{{cite news|title=How Recep Tayyip Erdogan seduces Turkish migrants in Europe|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21727921-big-diaspora-complicates-european-relations-turkey-how-recep-tayyip-erdogan-seduces|access-date=2 September 2017|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=31 August 2017|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902003641/https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21727921-big-diaspora-complicates-european-relations-turkey-how-recep-tayyip-erdogan-seduces|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Germany ===
{{Main|Turks in Germany}}
[[File:Deutsch-Türkisch.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|A popularized German-Turkish community flag.]]

The [[Turks in Germany|Turkish-Germans]] are the largest ethnic minority group in [[Germany]] and also the largest Turkish community in the Turkish diaspora.

The German census counts around three million Turks living in Germany. This does not only count those born in Turkey, but also descendants.<ref>{{cite web|last=Federal Statistical Office of Germany|title=Population, Migration and integration|url=https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Migration-Integration/_node.html}}</ref> The majority of ethnic Turks living in Germany have either arrived from or originate from [[Turkey]]; however, there are also significant ethnic [[Turkish minorities|Turkish communities]] which have come from (or descend from) other post-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] nation-states in the [[Balkans]] (especially from [[Bulgaria]] and [[Greece]]), as well as from the [[island of Cyprus]], and [[Lebanon]]. More recently, since the [[European migrant crisis]] (2014–19), there has also been a significant increase in the number of ethnic Turks from [[Syria]], [[Iraq]] and [[Kosovo]] who have come to Germany.

The German state does not allow citizens to self-declare their identity; consequently, the statistics published in the official German census does not show data on ethnicity.<ref name=Engstrom2021>{{citation|last=Engstrom|first=Aineias|title=Turkish-German "dream team" behind first COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://psuvanguard.com/turkish-german-dream-team-behind-first-covid-19-vaccine/|journal=[[Portland State Vanguard]]|date=12 January 2021 |publisher=[[Portland State University]]|quote=The German census does not gather data on ethnicity, however according to estimates, somewhere between 4–7 million people with Turkish roots, or 5–9% of the population, live in Germany.|access-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327134346/https://psuvanguard.com/turkish-german-dream-team-behind-first-covid-19-vaccine/|archive-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> According to the 2023 estimation, roughly 3 million German residents had a "[[migration background]]" from Turkey.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach ausgewählten Geburtsstaaten |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html |access-date=30 July 2024 |website=Federal Statistical Office of Germany}}</ref>

=== France ===
{{Main|Turks in France}}
[[File:Eiffel Tower Wearing Turkey Colors.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.68|The [[Eiffel Tower]] in the colours of the [[Turkish flag]] during the {{lang|fr|Saison de la Turquie en France}}]]
[[File:Turkish protest in Paris 1.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.36|There are around one million people of Turkish origin living in France.<ref name=Hentz&Hasselmann2010 /><ref name=fransaditib /><ref name=Nalci /><ref name=Kerdat>{{citation|last=Kerdat|first=Marianne|year=2019|title=Donner une autre image de la Turquie à travers le cinéma|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/istanbul/comprendre-turquie/donner-une-autre-image-de-la-turquie-travers-le-cinema-262283|publisher=[[Le Petit Journal (website)|Le Petit Journal]]|quote=En France, la population franco-turque a dépassé le million.|access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=Gallard&Nguyen2020>{{citation|last1=Gallard|first1= Joseph|last2=Nguyen|first2=Julien|year=2020|title=Il est temps que la France appelle à de véritables sanctions contre le jeu d'Erdogan|url=https://www.marianne.net/agora/tribunes-libres/il-est-temps-que-la-france-appelle-a-de-veritables-sanctions-contre-le-jeu-derdogan|publisher=[[Marianne (magazine)|Marianne]]|quote=... et ce grâce à la nombreuse diaspora turque, en particulier en France et en Allemagne. Ils seraient environ un million dans l'Hexagone, si ce n’est plus...es raisons derrière ne sont pas difficiles à deviner : l’immense population turque en Allemagne, estimée par Merkel elle-même aux alentours de sept millions et qui ne manquerait pas de se faire entendre si l’Allemagne prenait des mesures allant à l’encontre de la Turquie. |access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref>]]
The [[Turks in France|Turks living in France]] form one of the largest Turkish communities in Western Europe. Official data on the total number of French Turks is not available because the French census only records statistics on the country of birth rather than one's ethnic affiliation.

Although the majority of French Turks are descend from people from the [[Republic of Turkey]], there has also been significant Turkish migration from other post-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] countries including ethnic [[Turkish minorities|Turkish communities]] which have come to France from [[North Africa]] (especially [[Algeria]] and [[Tunisia]]), the [[Balkans]] (e.g. from [[Bulgaria]], [[Greece]], [[Kosovo]], [[North Macedonia]] and [[Romania]]), the island of [[Cyprus]], and more recently from [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Syria]].

In 2014 Professor {{ill|Pierre Vermeren|fr}} reported in ''[[L'Express]]'' that the Turkish population was around 800,000.<ref>{{cite web |last=[[:fr:Pierre Vermeren|Vermeren, Pierre]]|year=2014|title=Face à l'islam de France, du déni à la paralysie|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/face-a-l-islam-de-france-du-deni-a-la-paralysie_1548482.html|quote=Depuis dix ans, ce chiffre est régulièrement ben brèche: les estimations hautes décrivent une France qui compterait 4 à 5 millions d'Algériens et descendants, autour de 3 millions de Marocains, 1 million de Tunisiens, 2 millions d'Africains du Sahel, 800 000 Turcs, etc.|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> However, an earlier academic publication in 2010 by Dr Jean-Gustave Hentz and Dr Michel Hasselmann said that there were already 1 million Turks living in France.<ref name=Hentz&Hasselmann2010>{{cite book|last1=Hentz|first1=Jean-Gustave|last2=Hasselmann|first2=Michel|year=2010|title=Transculturalité, religion, traditions autour de la mort en réanimation|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-2-287-99072-4_33|quote=La France d’aujourd’hui est une société multiculturelle et multiethnique riche de 4,9 millions de migrants représentant environ 8 % de la population du pays. L’immigration massive de populations du sud de l’Europe de culture catholique après la deuxième guerre mondiale a été suivie par l’arrivée de trois millions d’Africains du Nord, d’un million de Turcs et de contingents importants d’Afrique Noire et d’Asie qui ont implanté en France un islam majoritairement sunnite (Maghrébins et Africains de l’Ouest) mais aussi chiite (Pakistanais et Africains de l’Est).|publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer-Verlag France]]|doi=10.1007/978-2-287-99072-4_33|isbn=978-2-287-99072-4}}</ref> Professor İzzet Er,<ref name=fransaditib>{{cite web|author=Fransa Diyanet İşleri Türk İslam Birliği|title=2011 YILI DİTİB KADIN KOLLARI GENEL TOPLANTISI PARİS DİTİB'DE YAPILDI|url=http://www.fransaditib.com/?Syf=18&Hbr=255110|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107092159/http://www.fransaditib.com/?Syf=18&Hbr=255110|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2012|access-date=2012-02-15|quote=İzzet ER Hocamız konuşmasında katılımcıları selamladıktan sonra,  Fransa’da  resmi verilere göre, 550 bin Türk nüfusunun bulunduğunu, bu sayının gayrı resmi olarak 1 milyon civarında tahmin edildiğini söyledi.}}</ref> as well as the [[Armenians in France|French-Armenian]] politician Garo Yalic (who is an advisor to [[Valerie Boyer]]),<ref name=Nalci>{{citation|last=Nalci|first=Aris|year=2012|title=An Interview with Garo Yalic, Advisor to Valerie Boyer|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2012/02/14/an-interview-with-garo-yalic-advisor-to-valerie-boyer/|publisher=[[Armenian Weekly]]|quote=there are also about a million French people of Turkish origin that will show their weight in the electoral balance.|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> also said that there were 1,000,000 Turks in France in 2011 and 2012 respectively. More recently, the Turkish-French population has been estimated to be more than one million according to French-published articles in ''[[Le Petit Journal (website)|Le Petit Journal]]'' (2019)<ref name=Kerdat /> and ''[[Marianne (magazine)|Marianne]]'' (2020).<ref name=Gallard&Nguyen2020 />

=== The Netherlands ===
{{Main|Turks in the Netherlands}}
[[File:Westermoskee - Amsterdam (26579109769).jpg|thumb|left|[[Westermoskee]] in [[Amsterdam]]]]
[[File:Turkish Dutch Flag Football.jpg|thumb|[[Turkish flag|Turkish]] and [[Dutch flag|Dutch]] flags in the multi-ethnic neighbourhood Kruidenbuurt, [[Eindhoven]].]]

The [[Turks in the Netherlands|Turkish-Dutch community]] form the largest ethnic minority group in the [[Netherlands]]. The majority of Dutch Turks descend from the [[Republic of Turkey]]; however there has also been significant Turkish migration waves from other post-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] countries including ethnic [[Turkish minorities|Turkish communities]] which have come to the Netherlands from the [[Balkans]] (e.g. especially from [[Bulgaria]], [[Greece]], and [[North Macedonia]]),<ref name="Sag2016" /> the island of [[Cyprus]],<ref name="Sag2016" /> and more recently during the [[European migrant crisis]] from [[Syria]], [[Iraq]] and [[Kosovo]]. In addition, there has been migration to the Netherlands from the Turkish diaspora; many [[Turks in Belgium|Turkish-Belgians]] and [[Turks in Germany|Turkish-Germans]] have arrived in the country as [[Belgium|Belgian]] and [[Germany|German]] citizens.<ref name="Sag2016">{{citation|last=Sag|first=Armand|year=2016|title=De destinteresse in Nederland|quote=Officieel zijn ze met bijna 500.000 mensen aanwezig in Nederland, meer omdat Turken uit Bulgarije..., Griekenland..., Cyprus..., Macedonie... en bijvoorbeeld Turken die geen Turkse ntionaliteit meer habben of Turken uit Belgie en Duitsland die zich nu gevestigd hebben in Nederland. Hiermee zouden er bijna driekwart miljon tot een miljoen Turken in Nederland wonen.|page=59|journal=Platform Dergisi|issue=December 2016}}</ref>

The Dutch official census only collects data on country of birth, rather than ethnically; consequently, the total number of ethnic Turkish migrants (regardless of country of birth) nor the third, fourth or fifth generation of the Turkish-Dutch community have been collectively counted.<ref name="Sag2016" /> Assistant Professor Suzanne Aalberse, Professor Ad Backus and Professor [[:nl:Pieter Muysken|Pieter Muysken]] have said that "over the years" the Dutch-Turkish community "must have numbered half a million".<ref>{{citation|last1=Aalberse|first1=Suzanne|last2=Backus|first2=Ad|author3-link=:nl:Pieter Muysken|last3=Muysken, Pieter |year=2019|title=Heritage Languages: A language Contact Approach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ab-9DwAAQBAJ&q=the+Dutch+Turkish+community+over+the+years+must+have+numbered+half+a+million.&pg=PA90|page=90|publisher=[[John Benjamins Publishing Company]]|quote=the Dutch Turkish community... out of a population that over the years must have numbered half a million.|isbn=978-9027261762}}</ref> However, there are significantly higher estimates. As early as 2003, the political scientist and international relations expert Dr [[Nathalie Tocci]] said that there was already "two million Turks in Holland".<ref name="Tocci">{{citation|author-link=Nathalie Tocci|last=Tocci, Nathalie|year=2003|title=EU Accession Dynamics and Conflict Resolution: The Case of Cyprus 1988–2002|url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1719/1/U183181.pdf|page=232|publisher=[[London School of Economics]]|quote=The Dutch government was concerned about Turkey’s reaction to the European Council’s conclusions on Cyprus, keeping in mind the presence of two million Turks in Holland and the strong business links with Turkey.}}</ref> Rita van Veen also reported in ''[[Trouw]]'' that there was 2 million Turks in the Netherlands in 2007.<ref name="vanVeen2007">{{citation|last=van Veen|first=Rita|year=2007|title=De koningin heeft oog voor andere culturen|url=https://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/de-koningin-heeft-oog-voor-andere-culturen~be1cbe71/?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F|publisher=[[Trouw]]|quote=Erol kan niet voor alle twee miljoen Turken in Nederland spreken, maar hij denkt dat Beatrix wel goed ligt bij veel van zijn landgenoten.|access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref> More recently, in 2020, a report published in ''[[:nl:L1 (omroep)|L1mburg Centraal]]'' estimated that there are more than 2 million Dutch-Turks.<ref name="L1mburgCentraal2020">{{citation|year=2020|title=L1mburg Centraal: Fortuna gaat samenwerking aan met Turkse Beşiktaş|url=https://l1.nl/l1mburg-centraal-fortuna-gaat-samenwerking-aan-met-turkse-beikta-154451/|publisher=[[:nl:L1 (omroep)|L1mburg Centraal]]|quote= in de regio rondom Limburg, waar dik twee miljoen Turken binnen een...|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref> ''[[Voetbal International]]'' also reported in 2020 that the Dutch football club [[Fortuna Sittard]] will be carrying out annual scouting activities to find "Turkish talent"  among the approximately 2 million Turkish-Dutch community.<ref name="vi2020">{{citation|year=2020|title=Trots Fortuna Sittard gaat talenten scouten voor Besiktas|url=https://www.vi.nl/nieuws/trots-fortuna-sittard-gaat-talenten-scouten-voor-besiktas|publisher=[[Voetbal International]]|access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref>

In 2009 ''The Sophia Echo'' reported that [[Bulgarian Turks]] were now the fastest-growing group of immigrants in the Netherlands.<ref name="TheSophiaEcho">{{cite web|author=TheSophiaEcho|title=Turkish Bulgarians fastest-growing group of immigrants in the Netherlands|url=http://www.sofiaecho.com/2009/07/21/758628_turkish-bulgarians-fastest-growing-group-of-immigrants-in-the-netherlands|access-date=2009-07-26|archive-date=10 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810062033/http://www.sofiaecho.com/2009/07/21/758628_turkish-bulgarians-fastest-growing-group-of-immigrants-in-the-netherlands|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[CBS]] gives a total number, 444.300 Turks in 2022, up from 271.500 in 1996. About half were born in the Netherlands (second generation) and the other half outside the Netherlands (first generation) <ref>{{cite web|title=Bevolking; generatie, geslacht, leeftijd en herkomstgroepering, 1 januari|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37325&D1=0%2c2-4&D2=0&D3=0&D4=a&D5=237&D6=a&HDR=G5%2cT%2cG3%2cG2%2cG4&STB=G1&VW=T}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> The third generation, those who are born in the Netherlands including their parents but at least one grandparent not, was 36.200 in 2022. This only accounts for people being between the age of 0 and 55. In 2022 there were about 430.000 Turks in the Netherlands. The third generation is counted as autochthonous. Thus, the total number of people in the Netherlands with at least one grandparent born in Turkey in 2022 was at least 466.200.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-04-06|archive-date=2023-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408114432/https://longreads.cbs.nl/integratie-en-samenleven-2022/bevolking/|language=nl-NL|last=CBS|title=Bevolking – Integratie en Samenleven {{!}} CBS|url=https://longreads.cbs.nl/integratie-en-samenleven-2022/bevolking}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

=== Austria ===
{{Main|Turks in Austria}}
The [[Turks in Austria|Turkish community]], including descendants, form the largest ethnic minority in [[Austria]]. In 2011 a report by the [[:de:Initiative Minderheiten|Initiative Minderheiten]] said that there was 360,000 people of Turkish origin living in Austria.<ref>{{citation |year=2011|title=Warum die Türken?|url=https://homepage.univie.ac.at/sabine.strasser/stimme_78_editorial.pdf|publisher=[[:de:Initiative Minderheiten|Initiative Minderheiten]]|volume=78|quote=Was sind die Gründe für dieses massive Unbehagen angesichts von rund 360.000 Menschen türkischer Herkunft?}}</ref> This figure has also been echoed by the former [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Austria)|Austrian Foreign Minister]] and [[Chancellor of Austria]] [[Sebastian Kurz]].<ref>{{citation |year=2017|title=Turkey angry after Erdogan is told he can't campaign in Austria|url=https://www.thelocal.at/20170301/turkey-angry-after-erdogan-is-told-he-cant-campaign-in-austria|publisher=[[The Local]]|quote=Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz said Erdogan is "not welcome" to hold campaign events, adding that it would "increase friction" in Austria and prevent the integration of a 360,000-strong minority of Turkish origin.}}</ref> However, the former Austrian [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]], [[Andreas Mölzer]], has claimed that there are 500,000 Turks in the country.<ref>{{cite web|last=[[Andreas Mölzer|Mölzer, Andreas]]|title=In Österreich leben geschätzte 500.000 Türken, aber kaum mehr als 10–12.000 Slowenen|url=http://www.andreas-moelzer.at/index.php?id=24|access-date=30 October 2020|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722212601/http://www.andreas-moelzer.at/index.php?id=24|archive-date=2012-07-22}}</ref>

{{wide image|Avusturya Türk günü2.jpg|700px|Turkish day in [[Vienna]], Austria (2009).}}

=== Belgium ===
{{Main|Turks in Belgium}}
In 2012 Professor [[Raymond Taras]] said that the [[Turks in Belgium|Belgian-Turkish community]] was over 200,000.<ref>{{citation |last=[[Raymond Taras|Taras, Raymond]]|year=2012|title=Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0-7486-5489-5|page=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTyrBgAAQBAJ&q=It+follows+that+large+Muslim+minorities+like+the+Turks+-+who+total+over+200%2C000+in+Belgium...&pg=PA160|quote=It follows that large Muslim minorities like the Turks – who total over 200,000 in Belgium }}</ref> More recently, in 2019 Dr Altay Manço and Dr Ertugrul Taş said that there was 250,000 Belgian residents of Turkish origin.<ref>{{citation |last1=Manço|first1=Altay|last2=Taş|first2=Ertugrul|year=2019|title=Migrations Matrimoniales: Facteurs de Risque en Sante´ Mentale|page=444|journal=[[The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry]]|volume=64|issue=6|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]]|doi=10.1177/0706743718802800|pmid=30380909|pmc=6591757|s2cid=149689748}}</ref>

=== United Kingdom ===
{{Main|British Turks}}
[[File:Turkishprotest3.jpg|thumb|Turkish Cypriots in [[London]].]]
In 2011 the [[Home Affairs Committee]] stated that there was 500,000 [[British Turks]] made up of 300,000 [[Turkish Cypriots]], 150,000 Turkish nationals (i.e. people from Turkey), and smaller groups of [[Bulgarian Turks]] and [[Romanian Turks]].<ref name="HomeAffairsCommittee">{{cite web |author=Home Affairs Committee|year=2011|title=Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union|url=http://www.statewatch.org/news/2011/aug/eu-hasc-turkey-jha-report.pdf|publisher=The Stationery Office|page=Ev 34}}</ref> Despite a lack of statistics on the collective number of Turks who have immigrated from their traditional homelands, it is known that [[Germany]], [[Austria]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[France]] all have larger Turkish diaspora communities than the UK.<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|work=[[The Guardian]]|title=UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration, say MPs|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/aug/01/turkish-immigration-possibilities-assessed|date= 1 August 2011|access-date=1 August 2011|quote=The Home Office says that there are about 150,000 Turkish nationals living in Britain at present, with about 500,000 people of Turkish origin living in the country altogether. But Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and France all have larger Turkish communities which are more likely to attract a new wave of legal migration.}}</ref>

=== Sweden ===
{{Main|Turks in Sweden}}
In 2009 the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs said that there was almost 100,000 people with a Turkish background living in [[Sweden]].<ref name="SwedishAffairs">{{cite web|year=2009|title=Ankara Historia|url=http://www.swedenabroad.com/Page____24644.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722061226/http://www.swedenabroad.com/Page____24644.aspx|publisher=[[Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs]]|archive-date=22 July 2011}}</ref> More recently, in 2018 the Swedish Consul General, Therese Hyden, said that the population was now around 150,000.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sayıner|first=Arda|year=2018|title=Ankara Historia|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2018/06/25/swedish-touch-in-turkey|publisher=[[Daily Sabah]]|quote=Having said that, a few thousand Swedish citizens currently live in Turkey and the number went up 60 percent in 2017. According to Hyden, Turkish hospitality played an important part behind this increase. She said around 150,000 Turkish citizens live in Sweden, which has a total population of 10 million. }}</ref>

=== Switzerland ===
{{Main|Turks in Switzerland}}
In 2017 there was over 120,000 [[Turks in Switzerland|Turks living in Switzerland]]. They mostly live in German-speaking regions, especially in the cantons of Zurich, Aargau and Basel. Figures on naturalization and migration from Turkey has been declining, however, the Swiss population with a Turkish background continues to grow.<ref>{{citation|year=2017|title=Türken in der Schweiz – Zahlen und Fakten zur Diaspora vom Bosporus|url=https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/schweiz/tuerken-in-der-schweiz-zahlen-und-fakten-zur-diaspora-vom-bosporus-131116220|publisher=[[Aargauer Zeitung]]|access-date=1 November 2020|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107175315/https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/schweiz/tuerken-in-der-schweiz-zahlen-und-fakten-zur-diaspora-vom-bosporus-131116220|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Denmark ===
{{Main|Turks in Denmark}}
The [[Turks in Denmark|Turkish community]] form the largest ethnic minority in [[Denmark]]. In 2008, it was estimated that Danes of Turkish origin numbered 70,000.<ref>{{citation|last=Larsen|first=Nick Aagaard|year=2008|title=Tyrkisk afstand fra Islamisk Trossamfund|url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/tyrkisk-afstand-fra-islamisk-trossamfund|publisher=[[DR (broadcaster)|Danish Broadcasting Corporation]]|quote=Ud af cirka 200.000 muslimer i Danmark har 70.000 tyrkiske rødder, og de udgør dermed langt den største muslimske indvandrergruppe.|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation|year=2008|title=Tyrkere langer ud efter trossamfund|url=https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/tyrkere-langer-ud-efter-trossamfund|publisher=[[Berlingske]]|quote=Der er omkring 200.000 muslimer i Danmark. Heraf har 70.000 tyrkiske rødder og udgør dermed den største muslimske indvandrergruppe.|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Italy ===
{{Main|Turks in Italy}}
In 2020 there were 50,000 Turkish citizens living in [[Italy]];<ref>{{citation|last=Seçkin|first=Barış|year=2020|title=İtalya'daki Türk vatandaşları Kovid-19 nedeniyle kayıp vermedi|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/italyadaki-turk-vatandaslari-kovid-19-nedeniyle-kayip-vermedi-/1813990|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]|quote=İtalya’da yaşayan 50 bin kadar Türk vatandaşının|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> however, this figure does not include [[Italian nationality law|naturalized]] Italian citizens of Turkish origin or their descendants. Between 2008 and 2020 some 5,295 Turkish citizens acquired Italian citizenship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do|title=Acquisition of citizenship by age group, sex and former citizenship|access-date=29 May 2023}}</ref>

In addition to the diaspora, some of the population in [[Moena]] has identified as Turkish since the 17th century.<ref>{{citation|last=Visintainer|first=Ermanno|year=2011|url=http://www.bilinmeyenturktarihi.com/pdf/italyada-unutulmus-turkvarligi-moenaturkleri.pdf|title=La Presenza Turca Dimenticata In Italia: I Turchi Di Moena [The Forgotten Turks in Italy: Moena Turks]|journal=ORSAM|volume=76|issue=14|isbn=978-9944-5684-6-3|access-date=2 November 2020|archive-date=6 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706065551/http://www.bilinmeyenturktarihi.com/pdf/italyada-unutulmus-turkvarligi-moenaturkleri.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Norway ===
{{Main|Turks in Norway}}
In 2013 there were roughly 16,500 Norwegians of Turkish descent living in [[Norway]].<ref>{{citation|year=2013|title=Norwegian-Turkish cooperation|url=https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=118715|publisher=The Royal House of Norway|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Finland ===
{{Main|Turks in Finland}}
In 2010 Professor Zeki Kütük said that there was approximately 10,000 people of Turkish origin living in [[Finland]].<ref>{{citation|last=Kütük|first=Zeki|year=2010|title=Finlandiya'da Yabancı Düşmanlığı, Sosyal Dışlanma ve Türk Diasporası|url=https://tasam.org/tr-TR/Icerik/4448/finlandiyada_yabanci_dusmanligi_sosyal_dislanma_ve_turk_diasporasi|quote=Toplam sayılarının 10 000 civarında olduğu tahmin edilen Türklerin...|publisher=[[:tr:TASAM|Türk Asya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi]]|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Poland ===
{{Main|Turks in Poland}}
In 2013 data from the [[Institute of Public Affairs, Poland|Institute of Public Affairs]] showed that there was 5,000 Turks living in [[Poland]].<ref>{{citation|last=Pawłowska-Salińska|first=Katarzyna|year=2013|title=Nie pytaj Turka o kebab i język arabski|url=https://wyborcza.pl/1,75398,13642657,Nie_pytaj_Turka_o_kebab_i_jezyk_arabski.html?disableRedirects=true|publisher=[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]|quote=Turków jest w Polsce ok. 5 tys. – wynika z danych opracowanych przez Instytut Spraw Publicznych. |access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Portugal ===
In 2021 data from the [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)|National Statistical Institute]] showed that there were 1,363 Turks legally living in [[Portugal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estrangeiros em Portugal |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2021.pdf}}</ref> In addition, between 2002 and 2020, 270 Turks acquired [[Portuguese nationality law|Portuguese citizenship]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do|title=Acquisition of citizenship by age group, sex and former citizenship, Portugal 2020|access-date=29 May 2023}}</ref>

=== Luxembourg ===
[[Luxembourg]] does not formally collect ethnic or racial data of its citizens,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shendruk |first=Amanda |date=2021-07-08 |title=Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race? |url=https://qz.com/2029525/the-20-countries-that-dont-collect-racial-and-ethnic-census-data/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref> however according to the Turkish embassy in Luxembourg, about 1,000 Turkish nationals were living in Luxembourg around the time of the [[2017 Turkish referendum]]. Close to 10,000 Turkish people voted from Luxembourg, the others having come from neighbouring countries, who found the Luxembourg voting location closer to their homes.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.luxtimes.lu/en/luxembourg/more-than-9-000-turks-voted-from-luxembourg-602d10cdde135b9236ccdf54| title=More than 9,000 Turks voted from Luxembourg| date=18 April 2017| access-date=21 April 2023| website=luxtimes.lu}}</ref>

=== Liechtenstein ===
{{Main|Turks in Liechtenstein}}
[[Liechtenstein]] does not record data on the ethnicity of its citizens; however, in 2009, the Turkish community was estimated to number approximately 1,000 out of a total population of 35,000.<ref>{{citation|year=2009|title=Bir masal ülkesinde yaşam öğretisi.|url=http://blog.milliyet.com.tr/bir-masal-ulkesinde-yasam-ogretisi/Blog/?BlogNo=166707|quote= Bu küçücük ülkede yaşayan 1000 Türk'ten...|publisher=[[Milliyet]]|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> Hence, estimates suggest that the Turks form around 3% of Liechtenstein's total population and that they are the fifth largest ethnic group in the country.<ref>{{citation|year=2016|title=İspanya'dan 8 yiyen Liechtenstein'ın Türkleri|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/sporarena/galeri-ispanyadan-8-yiyen-liechtensteinin-turkleri-40217528|quote= Bu sayı toplam nüfusun yüzde 3'üne denk geliyor. |publisher=[[Hürriyet]]|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref>

== North America ==

=== United States ===
[[File:US-Turkish pride, Chicago.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.13|As of 2012, there are approximately 1 million [[Turkish Americans]].<ref name=Bryson2012 />]]
{{Main|Turkish Americans}}
In 1996 Professor John J. Grabowski estimated that there was 500,000 Turks living in the [[United States]].<ref>{{citation|first=John J.|last=Grabowski|year=1996|editor1-last=Van Tassel|editor1-first=David Dirck|editor2-last=Grabowski|editor2-first=John J.|chapter=Turks in Cleveland|title=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|quote=Currently, the Turkish population of northeast Ohio is estimated at about 1,000 (an estimated 500,000 Turks live in the United States).|isbn=0-253-33056-4}}</ref> By 2009, Erdal Şafak said that the Turkish American community was approximately 850,000 to 900,000.<ref name=Şafak2009>{{citation|first=Şafak|last=Erdal|year=2009|title=ABD'de kaç Türk var?|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/safak/2009/05/08/abdde_kac_turk_var|publisher=[[Sabah (newspaper)|Sabah]]|quote=Biraz bilmece gibi mi oldu; açalım. Resmi kurumlarımıza göre ABD'de "Tahmini" 850 ile 900 bin arası Türk yaşıyor. Bu sayı öğrenci trafiğine göre her yıl ya biriki bin kişi artıyor veya bir o kadar eksiliyor. Buna karşılık ABD'deki Türk sivil toplum örgütlerinin Yeni Dünya'daki varlığımız üstüne yaptıkları araştırmalardan elde ettikleri sonuçlar, resmi kurumların verilerinin çok ama çok üstünde. Onlara göre, ABD'de halen en az 3 milyon Türk var. Okuyan, çalışan veya yaşayan.|access-date=30 November 2020}}</ref> More recently, in 2012 the former [[United States Secretary of Commerce]], [[John Bryson]], confirmed at the [[Center for American Progress]] that the [[Turkish American]] community was now over 1,000,000:<ref name=Bryson2012>{{citation|year=2012|title =Remarks at Center for American Progress & Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey (TUSKON) Luncheon| url=https://2010-2014.commerce.gov/news/secretary-speeches/2012/04/05/remarks-center-american-progress-confederation-businessmen-and-in.html| publisher =[[U.S. Department of Commerce]]|quote=Here in the U.S., you can see our person-to-person relationships growing stronger each day. You can see it in the 13,000 Turkish students that are studying here in the U.S. You can see it in corporate leaders like Muhtar Kent, the CEO of Coca-Cola, and you can see it in more than one million Turkish-Americans who add to the rich culture and fabric of our country.|access-date =13 November 2020}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Here in the U.S., you can see our person-to-person relationships growing stronger each day. You can see it in the 13,000 Turkish students that are studying here in the U.S. You can see it in corporate leaders like [[Muhtar Kent]], the CEO of [[Coca-Cola]], and you can see it in more than one million Turkish-Americans who add to the rich culture and fabric of our country. – [[John Bryson]] (2012)<ref name=Bryson2012 /><ref name=Bryson>{{citation|year=2012|title =Remarks by Commerce Secretary Bryson, April 5, 2012| url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/foreign-policy-bulletin/article/us-agrees-to-cash-transfer-to-help-stabilize-tunisian-economy/4890740F6A62FD3F965D33022031CC94|journal=Foreign Policy Bulletin|volume=22|issue=3|page=137|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>}}

There are, however, much higher estimates. Non-governmental Turkish organizations in the USA claim that there are at least 3,000,000 people of Turkish origin living in the United States, including Turkish Americans as well as new Turkish migrant workers, students and illegal migrants. Consequently, since the twenty-first century, the Turkish American population is fast approaching the significant number of [[Turks in Germany]] because most students, expats, etc. decide to live permanently in the United States.<ref name=Şafak2009 />

=== Canada ===
[[File:Victoria Day Parade May 20, 2007.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.13|Turkish community in [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]], [[Canada]].]]
{{Main|Turkish Canadians}}
According to the 2016 Canadian census, 63,955 people voluntarily declared their ethnicity as "Turkish".<ref>{{citation|title=Data tables, 2016 Census| date=25 October 2017 |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> However, in 2018, the Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter said that there was approximately 100,000 Turkish Canadians living in the country, as well as several thousand Turkish students:

{{blockquote|We have a growing Turkish diaspora and they’re doing very well in Canada. We think it’s 100,000, largely in [[Toronto]]. We have several thousand Turkish students in Canada as well. We are trying to make sure that two-way relationship is growing.  – Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter (2018)<ref name="Aytac2018">{{citation|last=Aytaç|first=Seyit Ahmet|year=2018|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/life/shared-issues-stronger-ties-canadas-envoy-to-turkey/1332258#|title=Shared issues, stronger ties: Canada's envoy to Turkey|quote=Turkish diaspora of some 100,000 Turks largely in Toronto is growing, says Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter{{nbsp}}... We have a growing Turkish diaspora and they’re doing very well in Canada. We think it’s 100,000, largely in Toronto. We have several thousand Turkish students in Canada as well.|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]|access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref>}}

The "Federation of Canadian Turkish Associations"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://turkishfederation.ca/index.html|title=Welcome!|publisher=The Federation of Canadian Turkish Associations|quote=The Federation of Canadian Turkish Associations is an umbrella organization representing 17 member associations from Victoria BC to Quebec, which include approximately 100,000 Canadians of Turkish origin.|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> and the "Federation of Chinese Canadians in Markham" have also reported that there was over 100,000 Turkish Canadians living in the country.<ref>{{cite web |year=2019|url=https://fccm.taste-of-asia.ca/journey-to-the-east-16th-taste-of-asia-and-asian-heritage-month-reception-may-1st-2018/|title=Journey to the East: 16th Taste of Asia and Asian Heritage Month Reception May 1st, 2018|publisher=Federation of Chinese Canadians in Markham |quote= With over 100,000 Turkish Canadians in Canada,...|access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>

== South America ==
{{Main|Turkish Argentines}}

=== Venezuela ===
{{Main|Turkish Venezuelan}}
According to statistics, there are likely around 27,000 people of Turkish ancestry in Venezuela. This refers to people who are either descendants of immigrants who came from the [[Ottoman Empire]] before 1923 or who came from the [[Republic of Turkey]] since then. Additionally, Turks who immigrated from countries neighboring Turkey are also counted in this figure. It's likely that most of the [[Turkish Venezuelan]]s trace their ancestry to immigrants from the Ottoman Empire, who arrived to Venezuela at the same time most of the [[Arab diaspora]] in South America had emigrated as well.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

=== Brazil ===
{{Main|Turkish Brazilians}}
According to Brazilian statistics, there are 2,902 Turkish-born people living in Brazil as of 2024.<ref>[https://www.nepo.unicamp.br/observatorio/bancointerativo/numeros-imigracao-internacional/sincre-sismigra/ Immigrants in Brazil (2024, in Portuguese)]</ref>

== Oceania ==
=== Australia ===
{{Main|Turkish Australians}}
In 1994 a report by ''[[The Age]]'' estimated that the [[Turkish Australian]] community numbered 150,000.<ref>{{cite web|year=1994|title=Gallipoli Turkish Premiere to Aid Peninsula Restoration|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/123021296/|publisher=[[The Age]]|quote=There are now about 150,000 Turkish-Australians.|page=28|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> By 2013 [[Louise Asher]], who was a member of the [[Victorian Legislative Assembly]], said that the Turkish Australian community in [[Melbourne]] alone had numbered 300,000.<ref name=Milliyet>{{cite news|year=2013|work=Milliyet|title=Avustralya'dan THY'ye çağrı var|url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/ekonomi/avustralya-dan-thy-ye-cagri-var-1679144|quote=Asher, Türkiye’ye geniş bir Avusturalyalı heyetle geldiklerini, İstanbul’u 60 Avusturalyalı şirketle ziyaret ettiklerini ve birçok açıdan Türkiye’nin dinamik ekonomisini çok etkileyici bulduklarını anlattı. Melbourne’de yaklaşık 300 bin Türk’ün yaşadığını...|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> More recently, the number of Turkish Australians who originate from [[Turkey]] reached 200,000 in 2017;<ref name=Lennie>{{cite web|last=Lennie|first=Soraya|year=2017|title=Turkish diaspora in Australia vote in referendum|url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkish-diaspora-in-australia-vote-in-referendum-327290|publisher=[[TRT World]]|quote=An estimated 200,000 Turks live in Australia with most of them based in Melbourne's northern suburbs.|page=28|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> in addition, the [[Turkish Cypriot]]-Australian community was estimated to number 120,000 in 2016.<ref name=Vahdettinetal />

=== New Zealand ===
{{Main|Turks in New Zealand}}
In 2010 the Turkish-New Zealander population was estimated to number between 2,000 and 3,000;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pif.org.nz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73:question-how-many-turks-living-in-new-zealand-&catid=46:turkish-community&Itemid=79|title=How many Turks living in New Zealand?|publisher=Pearl of the Islands Foundation|access-date=29 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513092537/http://pif.org.nz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73:question-how-many-turks-living-in-new-zealand-&catid=46:turkish-community&Itemid=79|archive-date=13 May 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> in addition, the [[Turkish Cypriot]]-New Zealander population was 1,600 in 2016.<ref name=Vahdettinetal />

== Algerian Turks ==
{{See also|Algerian Turks}}

Initially, the first wave of migration occurred in 1830 when many Turks were forced to leave the region once the French took control over Algeria; approximately 10,000 were shipped off to [[Turkey]] whilst many others migrated to other regions of the [[Ottoman Empire]], including [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], [[Syria]], [[Arabia]], and [[Egypt]].<ref name="Kateb 2001 loc=50-51">{{citation |last=Kateb|first=Kamel|year=2001|title=Européens: "Indigènes" et juifs en Algérie (1830–1962) : Représentations et Réalités des Populations|publisher=[[INED]]|isbn=273320145X|pages=50–53}}</ref> Furthermore, some Turkish/Kouloughli families also settled in [[Morocco]] (such as in [[Tangier]] and [[Tétouan]]).<ref>{{citation |last=Koroghli|first=Ammar|year=2010|title=EL DJAZAÎR : De la Régence à l'Istiqlal|url=http://www.setif.info/article4519.html|publisher=Sétif Info}}.</ref>

In regards to modern migration, there are many [[Algerian Turks]] who have emigrated to [[Europe]] and, hence, make up part of Algeria's diaspora. For example, there is a noticeable Algerian community of Turkish descent living in [[England]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} Many Algerians attend the [[Suleymaniye Mosque (London)|Suleymaniye Mosque]] which is owned by the [[Turks in the United Kingdom|British-Turkish]] community.<ref>{{citation|last=Communities and Local Government|year=2009|title=The Algerian Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities|url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1202966.pdf|isbn=978-1-4098-1169-5|pages=34–53|publisher=Communities and Local Government |access-date=2012-04-05|archive-date=2011-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125063457/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1202966.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are also thousands of Algerian Turks living in [[France]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Belgium]], [[Canada]], and [[Spain]] are also top receiving countries of Algerian citizens.<ref>{{citation|last=Communities and Local Government|year=2009|title=The Algerian Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities|url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1202966.pdf|isbn=978-1-4098-1169-5|page=22|publisher=Communities and Local Government |access-date=2012-04-05|archive-date=2011-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125063457/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1202966.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Bulgarian Turks ==
{{See also|Bulgarian Turks}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[List of sovereign states|Country]] !!  Population !! Further information
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 1,160,614 have emigrated between 1879 and 1992<ref>{{citation |last=Eminov|first=Ali|year=1997|title=Turkish and other Muslim minorities in Bulgaria|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|page=79|isbn=1-85065-319-4}}</ref> || not including descendants
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}} || 30,000<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Laczko|first1=Frank|last2=Stacher|first2=Irene|last3=Klekowski von Koppenfels|first3=Amanda|year=2002|title= New challenges for Migration Policy in Central and Eastern Europe |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=90-6704-153-X|page=187}}</ref> ||
|-
| {{flag|Netherlands}} || 10,000-30,000<ref name="TheSophiaEcho" /> ||
|-
| {{flag|Austria}} || 1,000<ref>{{cite web|author=Balkan Türkleri Kültür ve Dayanışma Derneği|title=Avusturya'daki Bulgaristan Türkleri hala Bulgar isimlerini neden taşıyor?|date=27 May 2011 |url=http://balturk.org.tr/?p=2845|access-date=2011-10-18}}</ref> ||
|-
|}

== Cretan Turks ==
{{See also|Cretan Turks}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[List of sovereign states|Country]] !! Prof [[Andrew Rippin]] (1971 estimates) !! Further information
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 200,000<ref name=Rippin>{{citation|last=Rippin|first=Andrew|year=2008|title=World Islam: Critical Concepts in Islamic Studies|publisher=[[Routledge]]|page=77|isbn=978-0-415-45653-1}}</ref> ||
|-
| {{flag|Egypt}} || 100,000<ref name=Rippin />||
|-
| {{flag|Libya}} || 100,000<ref name=Rippin />||
|-
| {{flag|Lebanon}} <br /> {{flag|Palestine}} <br /> {{flag|Syria}} || 50,000<ref name=Rippin /> ||
|-
|}

== Cypriot Turks ==
{{See also|Turkish Cypriots|Turkish Cypriot diaspora}}
[[File:TurkishcypriotsinVictoria.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Turkish Cypriots in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]]]]
[[File:KibrisYuruyus.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Turkish Cypriots protesting in [[London]], the [[United Kingdom]].]]
[[File:Pro-Northern Cyprus in New York 2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Turkish Cypriots in [[New York (state)|New York]], United States]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[List of sovereign states|Country]] !! [[Council of Europe]] <br />(1993 estimate)<ref name=CouncilofEurope>{{citation|year=1993|title=European Population Conference: Proceedings, Geneva|volume=2|publisher=[[Council of Europe]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=grk3AQAAMAAJ&q=number+of+Turkish+Cypriots+now+living+in+Turkey+is+about+300+000+while+the+number+of+those+who+have+settled+in+England+is+100+000.+There+are+also+approximately+30+000+Turkish+Cypriots+living+in+Australia+and+about+6+000+in+Canada+and+the|quote= The number of Turkish Cypriots now living in Turkey is about 300 000 while the number of those who have settled in England is 100 000. There are also approximately 30 000 Turkish Cypriots living in Australia and about 6 000 in Canada and the U.S.A.|isbn=9789287125514}}</ref> !! [[TRNC]] Ministry of Foreign Affairs <br /> (2001 estimate)<ref name=TRNCInfo>{{cite web|title=Briefing Notes on the Cyprus Issue |url=http://www.trncinfo.com/tanitmadairesi/2002/ENGLISH/BRIEFINGNOTES/070202BRIEFINGNOTES.htm |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Defence, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus |date=May 2001 |access-date=5 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709094909/http://www.trncinfo.com/tanitmadairesi/2002/ENGLISH/BRIEFINGNOTES/070202BRIEFINGNOTES.htm |archive-date=9 July 2010 |url-status=usurped |quote=there are currently about 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey; 200,000 in Great Britain; 40,000 in Australia and some 10,000 in North America and 5,000 in other countries. }}</ref> || [[Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey|TÜBİTAK]] <br /> (2016 estimate)<ref name=Vahdettinetal>{{citation|last1=Vahdettin|first1=Levent|last2=Aksoy|first2=Seçil|last3=Öz|first3=Ulaş|last4=Orhan|first4=Kaan|year=2016|title=Three-dimensional cephalometric norms of Turkish Cypriots using CBCT images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program in vivo|publisher=[[Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey]]|quote=Recent estimates suggest that there are now 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey, 300,000 in the United Kingdom, 120,000 in Australia, 5000 in the United States, 2000 in Germany, 1800 in Canada, and 1600 in New Zealand with a smaller community in South Africa.}}</ref> !! Other estimates !! Further information
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 300,000 (immigrants only) || 500,000 || 500,000 || 300,000 (1968 estimate)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Salih|first=Halil Ibrahim|year=1968|title=Cyprus: An Analysis of Cypriot Political Discord|place=Brooklyn|publisher=T. Gaus' Sons|id=[[ASIN]] [https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0006BWHUO B0006BWHUO] (UK)<!--This ASIN is not valid on amazon.com, but is on amazon.co.uk-->|page=53}}</ref> <br /> Including descendants, exceeding 600,000 (2018 estimate)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kanlı|first=Yusuf|year=2018|title=Bridging the population gap in Cyprus|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/opinion/yusuf-kanli/bridging-the-population-gap-in-cyprus-128756|publisher=[[Hurriyet Daily News]]|access-date=8 April 2018|quote=It is often said that if the descendants of those who migrated from Cyprus to Turkey back in 1931 are included, the number of Turkish Cypriots living in the "motherland" might exceed 600,000.}}</ref>  || see [[Muhacir#Cyprus|Turkish Cypriot muhacirs]]
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || 100,000 (immigrants only in [[England]]) || 200,000 || 300,000 || 300,000<ref name=HomeAffairsCommittee /><ref>{{cite web |author=BBC|title=Network Radio BBC Week 39: Wednesday 28 September 2011: Turkish Delight?|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/radio/2011/wk39/wed.shtml|access-date=2011-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102190501/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/radio/2011/wk39/wed.shtml|archive-date=2011-11-02|url-status=live}}</ref>-400,000<ref>{{cite web|title=İngiltere'deki Türkler|url=http://www.hurriyet.de/haberler/yazarlar/999787/ingilteredeki-turkler|first=Armin|last=Laschet|work=Hurriyet|date=17 September 2011|access-date=2011-09-27|archive-date=19 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119020128/http://www.hurriyet.de/haberler/yazarlar/999787/ingilteredeki-turkler|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dıştaki gençlerin askerlik sorunu çözülmedikçe…|url=http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/index.php/cat/1/col/119/art/17680/PageName/Ana_sayfa|first=Akay|last=Cemal|work=Kıbrıs Gazetesi|date=2 June 2011|access-date=17 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721144431/http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/index.php/cat/1/col/119/art/17680/PageName/Ana_sayfa|archive-date=2011-07-21|url-status=live}}</ref> <br /> (including descendants) || [[British Cypriots]] <br /> [[British Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Australia}} || 30,000 (immigrants only) || 40,000 || 120,000 || 120,000<ref name=StarK>{{cite web |author=Star Kıbrıs|year=2012|title=Sözünüzü Tutun|url=http://www.starkibris.net/index.asp?haberID=125704|access-date=10 September 2012|quote=Tarihsel süreç içerisinde yaşanan bazı olaylar nedeniyle Kıbrıs’tan göç etmek zorunda kalan Türklerin, bugün dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde yaşam sürdüklerine dikkat çeken Kasapoğlu, "Kıbrıslı Türklerin 300 bin kadarı İngiltere’de, 500 bini Türkiye’de, 120 bini Avustralya’da, 5 bini ABD’de, bin 800’ü Kanada’da, çok az bir popülasyon Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti’nde, bin 600’ü Yeni Zellanda’da, 2 bin kadarının da Almanya’da olduğu tahmin ediliyor" ifadelerini kullandı.}}</ref> <br /> (including descendants) || [[Turkish Australian]]
|-
| [[North America]] <br /> {{flag|United States}} <br /> {{flag|Canada}} || N/A<br />6,000 (immigrants only) <br />6,000 (immigrants only) || 10,000 <br /> N/A <br /> N/A || N/A <br /> 5,000 <br /> 1,800 || N/A <br /> 5,000<ref name=StarK /> <br /> 1,800<ref name=StarK /> || [[Cypriot American]] <br /> [[Turkish American]] <br /> [[Turkish Canadians]]
|-
| {{flag|Palestine}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || 4,000 (early twentieth century [[Turkish Cypriots#Palestine|Turkish Cypriot brides]] only)<ref>{{cite book |last=Cahit |first=Neriman |date=2014 |title=Brides for Sale |publisher=TCAUW |isbn=9789963737345 |page=11}}</ref><ref name="Sabah">{{cite web |author=Sabah|title=Küçük adanın talihsiz kızları|url=http://www.sabah.com.tr/fotohaber/yasam/kucuk_adanin_talihsiz_kizlari/28151|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> ||
|-
| {{flag|Germany}} || N/A || N/A || 2,000 || 2,000<ref name=StarK /> || [[Turks in Germany]]
|-
| {{flag|New Zealand}} || N/A || N/A || 1,600 || 1,600<ref name=StarK /> || [[Turks in New Zealand]]
|-
| {{flag|South Africa}} || N/A || N/A || "small community" || N/A<ref name=StarK /> || [[Turks in South Africa]]
|-
| Other || N/A || 5,000 || N/A || N/A ||
|-
|}

== Indian Turks ==
{{See also|Turks in India}}

There is a roughly 2000+ strong Turkish community living in India in the cities of Delhi, Mumbai and Hyderabad [https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-turkish-connection/article5368278.ece]

== Iraqi Turks ==
{{See also|Iraqi Turkmen}}

Most Iraqi Turkmen migrate to [[Turkey]]<ref name="Sirkeci 2005 loc=20">{{citation |last=Sirkeci|first=Ibrahim|year=2005|title=Turkmen in Iraq and International Migration of Turkmen|publisher=University of Bristol|page=20|url=http://www.turkmen.nl/1A_Others/TIIMT.pdf}}</ref> followed by [[Germany]],<ref name="Sirkeci 2005 loc=20" /> [[Denmark]],<ref name="Sirkeci 2005 loc=20" /> and [[Sweden]].<ref name="Sirkeci 2005 loc=20" /> There are also Iraqi Turkmen communities living in [[Canada]],<ref name="Sirkeci 2005 loc=20" /> the [[United States]],<ref name="Sirkeci 2005 loc=20" /> [[Australia]],<ref name="Sirkeci 2005 loc=20" /> [[New Zealand]],{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} [[Greece]],<ref>{{citation|last=Wanche|first=Sophia I.|year=2004|title=An Assessment of the Iraqi Communityin Greece|url=http://www.aina.org/reports/aoticig.pdf|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|page=3}}</ref> the [[Netherlands]],<ref>{{citation|year=2008|title=Iraklı Türkmenler Kerkük için yürüdü|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/irakli-turkmenler-kerkuk-icin-yurudu-9788823|publisher=Hürriyet}}</ref> and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{citation|last=International Organization for Migration |year=2007 |title=Iraq Mapping Exercise |url=http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/IOM_IRAQ.pdf |publisher=International Organization for Migration |page=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716163637/http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/IOM_IRAQ.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-16 }}</ref>

There are many established Iraqi Turkmen diaspora communities, such as the Canadian Iraqi Turkmen Culture Association, based in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |title=Canadian Iraqi Turkmen Culture Association |url=http://www.turkmeninfocentre.com |access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref>

== Lebanese Turks ==
{{See also|Turks in Lebanon}}
Due to the numerous [[Lebanese Civil War|wars]] in [[Lebanon]] since the 1970s onwards, many [[Turks in Lebanon|Lebanese Turks]] have sought [[Safety|refuge]] in [[Turkey]] and [[Europe]], particularly in [[Germany]]. Indeed, many Lebanese Turks were aware of the large German-Turkish population and saw this as an opportunity to find work once settling in Europe. In particular, the largest wave of Lebanese-Turkish migration occurred once the [[2006 Lebanon War|Israel-Lebanon war of 2006]] began. During this period more than 20,000 Turks fled Lebanon, particularly from [[Beirut]], and settled in Germany.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=142491|title=Turkish migrants grieve for Beirut from exile|access-date=2009-10-29|newspaper=Today's Zaman|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416171342/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=142491|archive-date=16 April 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Macedonian Turks ==
{{See also|Macedonian Turks}}

== Meskhetian Turks ==
{{See also|Meskhetian Turks}}
[[File:Meskhetian Turks in front of White House (Washington, ABD).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.13|[[Meskhetian Turks|Meskhetian ("Ahiska") Turks]] outside the [[White House]] in [[Washington D.C.]], United States.]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[List of sovereign states|Country]] !! Dr Aydıngün (2006 estimate)<ref name="Aydingunp">{{Cite journal|last1=Aydıngün|first1=Ayşegül|last2=Harding|first2=Çiğdem Balım|last3=Hoover|first3=Matthew|last4=Kuznetsov|first4=Igor|last5=Swerdlow|first5=Steve|year=2006|title=Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences|url=http://www.cal.org/CO/pdffiles/mturks.pdf|publisher=Center for Applied Linguistics|pages=13–14|journal=|access-date=2011-10-18|archive-date=2007-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714205907/http://www.cal.org/co/pdffiles/mturks.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>!! Al Jazeera (2014 estimate)<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{cite web|author=Al Jazeera|title=Ahıska Türklerinin 70 yıllık sürgünü|url=http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/al-jazeera-ozel/ahiska-turklerinin-70-yillik-surgunu|work=Al Jazeera|date=2014|access-date=2016-07-05}}</ref> !! Further information
|-
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 150,000 || 180,000 ||
|-
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 90,000-110,000 || 87,000 ||
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} || 70,000-90,000|| 95,000 ||
|-
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 50,000|| 42,000 ||
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 40,000 || 76,000 ||
|-
| {{flag|United States}} || 15,000<ref>{{cite news |author=The Seattle Times|title=Refugees' road leads to Tukwila
|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002848990_turks7m.html|access-date=2010-11-16|date=2006-03-07}}</ref> || 16,000 ||
|-
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 15,000 || 38,000 ||
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}} || 10,000 || 8,000 ||
|-
| {{flag|Northern Cyprus}} ||  || 180 ||
|-
|}

== Palestinian Turks ==
[[File:'No To Demographics Changes In Syria' - London Protest.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Syrian Turks waving Turkish and Syrian flags whilst shouting slogans: "No To Demographic Changes in Syria' and 'No To Genocide' during the December 2016 protests in [[London]].]]

Both during and after the [[1947–1949 Palestine war]], some members of Palestine's Turkish minority fled the region (particularly the [[Jezreel Valley]] region and the [[Golan Heights]]) and settled in [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]], and [[Jordan]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Suwaed |2015|loc=121}}.</ref>
<ref name="Suwaed 2015 loc=237">{{citation |last=Suwaed|first=Muhammad|year=2015|chapter=Turkmen, Israeli|title=Historical Dictionary of the Bedouins|page=237|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5451-0}}</ref> In Jordan, there is approximately 55,000  Palestinian-Turkish refugees in [[Irbid]]<ref name=El-Hatip>{{citation|last=El-Hatip|first=Alyaa|year=2014|chapter=Filistin Türkmenlerinin Genel Durumu|title=Ortadoğu Türkmenlerİ Sempozyumu|publisher=ORSAM|page=96}}</ref> 5,000 near [[Amman]]<ref name=El-Hatip /> 5,000 in El-Sahne<ref name=El-Hatip /> 3,000 in El-Reyyan<ref name=El-Hatip /> 2,500 in El-Bakaa<ref name=El-Hatip /> 1,500 in El-Zerkaa<ref name=El-Hatip /> and 1,500 in [[Sahab district|Sahab]]<ref name=El-Hatip />

== Romanian Turks ==
{{See also|Turks of Romania}}

== Syrian Turks ==
{{See also|Syrian Turkmen}}

Since the outbreak of the [[Syrian Civil War]], hundreds of thousands of [[Syrian Turkmen]] have been internally displaced and/or forced to leave the country, and most of them have sought refuge in neighbouring states and Western Europe. In particular, approximately 300,000{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} to 500,000<ref name=Ünal2016>{{cite news|last=Ünal|first=Ali|year=2016|title=Turkey stands united with Turkmens, says Foreign Ministry Undersecretary Yalçın|url=http://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2016/12/15/turkey-stands-united-with-turkmens-says-foreign-ministry-undersecretary-yalcin|newspaper=[[Daily Sabah]]|access-date= 18 December 2016}}</ref> Syrian Turkmen have taken refuge in the [[Republic of Turkey]]. Moreover, there are between 125,000 and 150,000<ref name=Ahmed2015>{{citation|last=Ahmed|first=Yusra|year=2015|title=Syrian Turkmen refugees face double suffering in Lebanon|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/11837.html|publisher=Zaman Al Wasl|access-date= 11 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Syrian Observer|year=2015|title=Syria's Turkmen Refugees Face Cruel Reality in Lebanon|url=http://syrianobserver.com/EN/Features/29920/Syria_Turkmen_Refugees_Face_Cruel_Reality_Lebanon|access-date= 10 October 2016}}</ref> Syrian Turkmen refugees in [[Lebanon]], which means they outnumber the long-established [[Turks in Lebanon|Turkish minority in Lebanon]].

In 2020 it was reported that 1 million Syrian Turkmen were living in Turkey and demanding that the Turkish government grant them [[Turkish citizenship]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/turkiyedeki-suriyeli-turkmenler-de-vatandaslik-istiyor/5536622.html|title = Türkiye'deki Suriyeli Türkmenler de Vatandaşlık İstiyor| date=9 August 2020 }}</ref>

== Turkish Jews ==
{{See also|Turkish Jews|Turkish Jews in Israel}}In 2012, it was estimated that around 280,000 Jews living in [[Israel]] were from Turkey or of Turkish descent.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CBS|title=Estimated Number of Turkish Jews Born in Israel|url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814193727/http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader|archive-date=August 14, 2012|website=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref> In Israel, the [[Arkadaş Association]] was founded by Turkish Jews to maintain their relationship with Turkey.

== Western Thrace Turks ==
{{See also|Western Thrace Turks}}
In 1990, it was estimated that around 300,000 to 400,000 [[Turks of Western Thrace|Western Thrace Turks]] had migrated to [[Turkey]] since 1923.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Whitman|first=Lois|year=1990|title=Destroying ethnic identity: the Turks of Greece|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDXbrQHGjbIC|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn= 0-929692-70-5|page=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hirschon|first=Renée|year=2003|title=Crossing the Aegean: An Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=1-57181-562-7|page=107}}</ref> Moreover, from the 1950s onwards,  [[Turks of Western Thrace]] began to immigrate to [[Western Europe]] alongside other [[Greek citizens]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Westerlund|first1=David|last2=Svanberg|first2=Ingvar|year=1999|title=Islam Outside the Arab World|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=0-312-22691-8 |pages=320–321}}</ref> Whilst many Western Thrace Turks had intended to return to Greece after working for a number of years, a new Greek law was introduced which effectively forced the minority to remain in their host countries. Article 19 of the 1955 [[Greek Constitution]] essentially stripped the [[Western Thrace Turks]] living abroad (particularly those in [[Germany]] and [[Turkey]]) of their [[Greek citizenship]].<ref name=HRW>{{citation |last=Whitman|first=Lois|year=1990|title=Destroying Ethnic Identity: The muslims of Greece|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=978-0-929692-70-8|pages=11–12}}</ref>
According to Article 19 of the Greek Constitution
{{blockquote|A person of non-Greek ethnic origin leaving Greece without the intention of returning may be declared as having lost Greek nationality.<ref name=HRW />}}

This law continued to effect Western Thrace Turks studying in Turkey and Germany in the late 1980s. A report published by the [[Human Rights Watch]] in 1990 confirmed that:
{{blockquote|Under Article 19, ethnic Turks can be stripped of their citizenship by an administrative decree, without a hearing. According to the U.S. State Department's 1989 Country Report, under Greek law there can be no judicial review and there is no effective right of appeal.<ref name=HRW />}}

Despite many being stripped of their Greek citizenship since 1955, Western Thrace Turks continued to migrate to Western Europe the 1960s and 1970s because the Thracian tobacco industry was affected by a severe crisis and many tobacco growers lost their income. Between 1970 and 2010, approximately 40,000 Western Thrace Turks arrived in Western Europe, most of which settled in Germany.<ref name=Arif>{{citation |last=Arif|first=Nazmi|year=2018|title=Yunanistan'da, Batı Trakya Türklerinin dış ülkelere göçü endişe ve kaygı verici boyutlara ulaştı.|url=https://www.trtturk.com.tr/haber/ozel-haber/_331|publisher=[[Turkish Radio and Television Corporation|TRT]]|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> In addition, between 2010 and 2018, a further 30,000 Western Thrace Turks left for Western Europe due to the [[Greek government-debt crisis]].<ref name=Arif /> Thus, in addition to the thousands who migrated in the 1950s and 1960s, 70,000 Western Thrace Turks have migrated to Western Europe between 1970 and 2018.<ref name=Arif /> Around 80% of the Western Thracian Turks in Western Europe are living in Germany.<ref>{{citation |last=Şentürk|first=Cem|year=2008|title=Batı Trakya Türklerin Avrupa'ya Göçleri |journal=Uluslararası Sosyal Aratırmalar Dergisi|volume=1/2|page=420}}</ref> The remainder have emigrated to the [[Netherlands]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Austria]] and [[Italy]]; furthermore, outside of Europe, they have built communities in [[Australia]], [[Canada]] and the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Kultur|title=BATI TRAKYA TÜRK EDEBİYATI|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:aGZWuiEwTzEJ:ekitap.kultur.gov.tr/Genel/dg.ashx%3FBELGEANAH%3D130755%26DIL%3D1%26DOSYAISIM%3Dbatitrakyaturkedebiyati.pdf+bati+trakya+turler+ABD&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESh-eJgkK3l82DgV0AwIDAk2IjYOaEU4fFUNPVLD7Ygbkj66cwCwLPnk8DoWZxC0fgCFCkYq8UcmdVJ2O09SLSecHhdmEDKtrbXU9Nnie-p-a4B11hHdTqDz08Nrr95sYAGoJRH4&sig=AHIEtbQG2nDOViFskm2eJAjvIrSJ1Do3WA|access-date=2010-05-20}}</ref>

== Politics ==
===2017 Turkish constitutional referendum===
{{Main|2017 Turkish constitutional referendum}}
[[File:Results of the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum by nation.svg|355px|thumb|Results by foreign nation (Yes in blue)]]
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan="1" |Country
!rowspan="1" |Yes
!rowspan="1" |Yes (%)
!rowspan="1" |No
!rowspan="1" |No (%)
|-
|[[Albania]]
|153
|41.80%
|213
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''58.20%'''
|-
|[[Algeria]]
|356
|43.00%
|472
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''57.00%'''
|-
|[[Australia]]
|5,960
|41.82%
|8,290
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''58.18%'''
|-
|[[Austria]]
|38,215
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''73.23%''' 
|13,972
|26.77%
|-
|[[Azerbaijan]]
|1,024
|38.31%
|1,649
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''61.69%'''
|-
|[[Bahrain]]
|69
|13.56%
|440
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''86.44%'''
|-
|[[Belgium]]
|54,083
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''74.98%'''
|18,044
|25.02%
|-
|[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|750
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''61.83%'''
|463
|38.17%
|-
|[[Bulgaria]]
|365
|28.65%
|909
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''71.35%'''
|-
|[[Canada]]
|3,247
|27.92%
|8,384
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''72.08%'''
|-
|[[China]]
|213
|23.77%
|683
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''76.23%'''
|-
|[[Czech Republic]]
|73
|12.54%
|509
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''87.46%'''
|-
|[[Denmark]]
|6,604
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''60.63%'''
|4,288
|39.37%
|-
|[[Egypt]]
|259
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''59.00%'''
|180
|41.00%
|-
|[[Finland]]
|558
|28.45%
|1,403
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''71.55%'''
|-
|[[France]]
|91,266
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''64.85%'''
|49,475
|35.15%
|-
|[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
|285
|40.66%
|416
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''59.34%'''
|-
|[[Germany]]
|412,149
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''63.07%'''
|241,353
|36.93%
|-
|[[Greece]]
|176
|22.62%
|602
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''77.38%'''
|-
|[[Hungary]]
|232
|25.75%
|669
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''74.25%'''
|-
|[[Iran]]
|121
|45.32%
|146
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''54.68%'''
|-
|[[Iraq]]
|119
|34.59%
|225
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''65.41%'''
|-
|[[Ireland]]
|173
|19.93%
|695
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''80.07%'''
|-
|[[Israel]]
|284
|43.43%
|370
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''56.57%'''
|-
|[[Italy]]
|2,135
|37.94%
|3,492
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''62.06%'''
|-
|[[Japan]]
|416
|36.11%
|736
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''63.89%'''
|-
|[[Jordan]]
|349
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''75.87%'''
|111
|24.13%
|-
|[[Kazakhstan]]
|636
|41.41%
|900
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''58.59%'''
|-
|[[Kosovo]]
|404
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''57.14%'''
|303
|42.86%
|-
|[[Kuwait]]
|191
|23.38%
|626
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''76.62%'''
|-
|[[Kyrgyzstan]]
|499
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''57.36%'''
|371
|42.64%
|-
|[[Lebanon]]
|1,058
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''93.88%'''
|69
|6.12%
|-
|[[Luxembourg]]
|5,987
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''62.86%'''
|3,538
|37.14%
|-
|[[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]]
|618
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''57.97%'''
|448
|42.03%
|-
|[[Netherlands]]
|82,672
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''70.94%'''
|33,871
|29.06%
|-
|[[New Zealand]]
|32
|17.68%
|149
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''82.32%'''
|-
|[[Northern Cyprus]]
|19,225
|45.18%
|23,324
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''54.82%'''
|-
|[[Norway]]
|2,193
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''57.20%'''
|1,641
|42.80%
|-
|[[Oman]]
|138
|24.04%
|436
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''75.96%'''
|-
|[[Poland]]
|302
|25.61%
|877
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''74.39%'''
|-
|[[Qatar]]
|241
|18.89%
|1,035
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''81.11%'''
|-
|[[Romania]]
|824
|44.64%
|1,022
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''55.36%'''
|-
|[[Russia]]
|833
|26.02%
|2,368
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''73.98%'''
|-
|[[Saudi Arabia]]
|4,475
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''55.06%'''
|3,653
|44.94%
|-
|[[Singapore]]
|284
|44.31%
|357
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''55.69%'''
|-
|[[South Africa]]
|126
|36.84%
|216
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''63.16%'''
|-
|[[Spain]]
|172
|13.32%
|1,119
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''86.68%'''
|-
|[[Sudan]]
|240
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''65.93%'''
|124
|34.07%
|-
|[[Sweden]]
|4,367
|47.09%
|4,902
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''52.91%'''
|-
|[[Switzerland]]
|19,181
|38.08%
|31,193
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''61.92%'''
|-
|[[Thailand]]
|27
|12.92%
|182
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''87.02%'''
|-
|[[Turkmenistan]]
|510
|43.74%
|656
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''56.26%'''
|-
|[[Ukraine]]
|341
|35.74
|613
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''64.26%'''
|-
|[[United Arab Emirates]]
|395
|13.31%
|2,572
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''86.69%'''
|-
|[[United Kingdom]]
|7,177
|20.26%
|28,247
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''79.79%'''
|-
|[[United States]]
|5,296
|16.20%
|27,397
|style="background: #FDDEDE; width: 100px;"| '''83.80%'''
|-
|[[Uzbekistan]]
|169
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''53.65%'''
|146
|46.35%
|-
|Border Gates
|52,961
|style="background: #DEFDE6; width: 100px;"|'''54.17%'''
|44,816
|45.83%
|-
!Overseas results
!831,208
!59.09%
!575,365
!40.91%
|}

===November 2015 Turkish general election===
{{Main|November 2015 Turkish general election}}
{|
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Albania]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Algeria]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Australia]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Austria]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Bahrain]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Belgium]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Bulgaria]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Canada]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[China]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Czech Republic]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Denmark]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Egypt]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Finland]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[France]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Germany]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Greece]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Hungary]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Iran]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Ireland]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Israel]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Italy]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Japan]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Jordan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Kosovo]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Kuwait]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Kyrgyzstan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Lebanon]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Netherlands]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[New Zealand]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Northern Cyprus]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Norway]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Oman]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Poland]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Qatar]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Romania]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Russia]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Saudi Arabia]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[South Africa]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Spain]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Sudan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Sweden]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Switzerland]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Thailand]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Ukraine]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[United Arab Emirates]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[United Kingdom]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[United States]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|}
|}

===June 2015 Turkish general election===
{{Main|June 2015 Turkish general election}}
[[File:Turkish general election 2015 overseas vote.png|355px|thumb|Winners according to [[countries]], with ties shown in black]]
{{bar box
|title=Overseas vote share<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ysk.gov.tr/ysk/content/conn/YSKUCM/path/Contribution%20Folders/SecmenIslemleri/Secimler/2015MV/B.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 June 2015 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701173002/http://www.ysk.gov.tr/ysk/content/conn/YSKUCM/path/Contribution%20Folders/SecmenIslemleri/Secimler/2015MV/B.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|float   = right
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=355px
|barwidth=300px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''[[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]]'''|{{party color|Justice and Development Party (Turkey)}}|50.37}}
{{bar percent|[[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|HDP]]|{{party color|Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)}}|21.43}}
{{bar percent|[[Republican People's Party|CHP]]|{{party color|Republican People's Party (Turkey)}}|15.93}}
{{bar percent|[[Nationalist Movement Party|MHP]]|{{party color|Nationalist Movement Party}}|9.09}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|3.18}}
}}
{{main|Results breakdown of the June 2015 Turkish general election#Overseas results}}
This was the second election, after the [[2014 Turkish presidential election|2014 presidential election]], in which [[Turkish Diaspora|Turkish expats]] were given the right to vote. Furthermore, votes were also cast 38 customs gates in airports, ports and border gates around the country. In an overseas vote period lasting 23 days between 8 May and 31 May 2015, the turnout was significantly higher than that in the presidential election, reaching 37% as opposed to the 8% recorded in 2014.

Out of the 54 countries where expats were given the vote, the [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] (AKP) won the most votes in 23 countries. The [[Republican People's Party]] (CHP) won the most votes in 18 countries. The [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Peoples' Democratic Party]] (HDP) won the most votes in 11 countries and the [[Nationalist Movement Party]] (MHP) managed to win the most votes in only one country, namely [[Albania]].

The overseas vote, which had been won by AKP candidate [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] with over 62.3% in the 2014 presidential election, showed a significant [[Swing (politics)|swing]] of around 10% from the AKP to the HDP, which increased its overseas vote share from 9.8% (that their candidate [[Selahattin Demirtaş]] won in 2014) to over 20%. The AKP, on the other hand, won just over 50%, coming first due to strong support from countries with a significant Turkish expat population, such as [[Germany]] and [[Austria]].

The following table shows the winners according to countries in which Turkish consulates held voting periods for the election.
{|
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Albania]] || style="background:#870000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''MHP'''}}
|-
| [[Algeria]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Australia]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Austria]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Bahrain]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Belgium]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Bulgaria]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Canada]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[China]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Czech Republic]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Denmark]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Egypt]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Finland]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[France]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Germany]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Greece]] || {{centre|'''TIE*'''}}
|-
| [[Hungary]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Iran]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Ireland]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Israel]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Italy]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Japan]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Jordan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Kosovo]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Kuwait]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Kyrgyzstan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Lebanon]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Netherlands]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[New Zealand]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Northern Cyprus]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Norway]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Oman]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Poland]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Qatar]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Romania]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Russia]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Saudi Arabia]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[South Africa]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Spain]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Sudan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Party 
|-
| [[Sweden]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Switzerland]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Thailand]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|-
| [[Ukraine]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[United Arab Emirates]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[United Kingdom]] || style="background:#b000b8; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''HDP'''}}
|-
| [[United States]] || style="background:#d50000; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''CHP'''}}
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]] || style="background:#fdc400; text-align:center;"|{{fontcolor|white|'''AKP'''}}
|}
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> In [[Greece]], the [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|HDP]] and [[Republican People's Party|CHP]] each received 174 votes (29.4%) and came joint first.

{{stack begin | float=left}}
[[File:AKP overseas vote share 2015.png|thumb|230px|Results obtained by the [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] by [[country]].<br />{{legend0|#FFF7E4|0–10%}}    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {{legend0|#FFE4C0|10–20%}}  &nbsp;   {{legend0|#FFDC94|20–30%}}<br />{{legend0|#FDC36B|30–40%}}  &nbsp;  {{legend0|#FFAD06|40–50%}} &nbsp;    {{legend0|#DF8600|50–60%}}<br />{{legend0|#B67900|60–70%}} &nbsp;   {{legend0|#916101|70–80%}} &nbsp;   {{legend0|#694600|80–90%}}]]{{stack end}}
{{stack begin | float=left}}
[[File:CHP overseas vote share 2015.png|thumb|230px|Results obtained by the [[Republican People's Party]] by [[country]].<br />{{legend0|#FFE4E4|0–10%}}    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {{legend0|#FFBFBF|10–20%}}  &nbsp;   {{legend0|#FF9595|20–30%}}<br />{{legend0|#FC6969|30–40%}}    &nbsp; {{legend0|#FF0606|40–50%}} &nbsp;    {{legend0|#DF0101|50–60%}}<br />{{legend0|#B60000|60–70%}}]]{{stack end}}
{{stack begin | float=left}}
[[File:MHP overseas vote share 2015.png|thumb|230px|Results obtained by the [[Nationalist Movement Party]] by [[country]].<br />{{legend0|#FCDFCF|0–10%}}    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{legend0|#E4B3A7|10–20%}}  &nbsp;   {{legend0|#D08880|20–30%}}<br />{{legend0|#A96D66|30–40%}}]]{{stack end}}
{{stack begin | float=left}}
[[File:HDP overseas vote share 2015.png|thumb|230px|Results obtained by the [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Peoples' Democratic Party]] by [[country]].<br />{{legend0|#FDD5FF|0–10%}}    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {{legend0|#FAA8FF|10–20%}}  &nbsp;   {{legend0|#F77AFF|20–30%}}<br />{{legend0|#EB4EF6|30–40%}} &nbsp;    {{legend0|#CD2BD8|40–50%}} &nbsp;    {{legend0|#A915B3|50–60%}}]]
{{stack end}}
{{Clear}}

===2014 Turkish presidential election===
{{Main|2014 Turkish presidential election}}
<gallery>
File:2014 Turkish presidential election - Erdoğan global.png|Results obtained by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan by country
File:2014 Turkish presidential election - İhsanoğlu global.png|Results obtained by Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu by country
File:2014 Turkish presidential election - Demirtaş global.png|Results obtained by Selahattin Demirtaş by country
</gallery>
Results are listed in alphabetical order.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://secim.haberler.com/cumhurbaskanligi-secimi/yurtdisi-sonuclari/|title=TÜM ÜLKELERİN CUMBAŞKANLIĞI SEÇİM SONUÇLARI|work=haberler.com|access-date=12 September 2014|archive-date=6 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906184032/http://secim.haberler.com/cumhurbaskanligi-secimi/yurtdisi-sonuclari|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu won the most pluralities and majorities, the significantly larger Turkish electorate in countries that heavily voted for Erdoğan resulted in Erdoğan breaking many predictions by receiving nearly two thirds of the overseas vote. In [[Cairo]], the city in which İhsanoğlu was born, 53.73% voted for İhsanoğlu with 44.03% voting for Erdoğan. Regardless, İhsanoğlu won in [[Egypt]] by just one vote, due to large support for Erdoğan in [[Alexandria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://secim.haberler.com/cumhurbaskanligi-secimi/misir/|title=MISIR CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI SEÇİM SONUÇLARI|work=haberler.com|access-date=12 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912135356/http://secim.haberler.com/cumhurbaskanligi-secimi/misir/|archive-date=12 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Note that in the maps, [[Greenland]] is considered part of [[Denmark]], despite the fact that no voting took place in Greenland.
{|
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Erdoğan !! İhsanoğlu !! Demirtaş
|-
| [[Albania]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|35.81% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''61.49%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|2.70%
|-
| [[Algeria]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''42.41%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|37.59% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|20.00%
|-
| [[Australia]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''56.35%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|34.53% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|9.12%
|-
| [[Austria]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''80.17%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|14.93% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|4.90%
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|39.06% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''53.86%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|7.08%
|-
| [[Bahrain]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|25.00% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''71.88%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|3.12%
|-
| [[Belgium]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''69.85%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|21.07% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|9.09%
|-
| [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''52.59%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|46.67% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|0.74%
|-
| [[Bulgaria]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|35.31% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''58.42%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|6.27%
|-
| [[Canada]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|33.35% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''51.62%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|15.02%
|-
| [[China]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|25.27% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''68.86%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|5.86%
|-
| [[Czech Republic]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|19.88% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''73.49%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|6.63%
|-
| [[Denmark]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''62.65%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|27.01% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|10.33%
|-
| [[Egypt]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|48.59% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''49.15%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|2.26%
|-
| [[Finland]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|28.89% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''43.70%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|27.41%
|-
| [[France]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''66.02%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|15.27% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|18.71%
|-
| [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|46.51% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''48.37%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|5.12%
|-
| [[Germany]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''68.63%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|23.74% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|7.63%
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Erdoğan !! İhsanoğlu !! Demirtaş
|-
| [[Greece]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|43.95% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''44.44%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|11.60%
|-
| [[Hungary]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''52.57%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|35.29% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|12.13%
|-
| [[Iran]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|47.89% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''49.30%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|2.82%
|-
| [[Ireland]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|24.56% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''64.91%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|10.53%
|-
| [[Israel]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|31.87% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''58.24%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|9.89%
|-
| [[Italy]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''45.82%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|45.22% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|8.96%
|-
| [[Japan]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|46.01% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''47.85%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|6.13%
|-
| [[Jordan]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''78.90%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|20.45% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|0.65%
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|36.50% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''56.70%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|6.80%
|-
| [[Kosovo]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''56.65%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|37.64% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|5.70%
|-
| [[Kuwait]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|31.47% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''66.81%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|1.72%
|-
| [[Kyrgyzstan]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''56.65%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|37.64% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|5.70%
|-
| [[Lebanon]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''85.93%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|14.07% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|0.00%
|-
| [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|45.08% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''54.10%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|0.82%
|-
| [[Netherlands]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''77.95%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|18.09% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|3.96%
|-
| [[New Zealand]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|15.91% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''72.73%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|11.36%
|-
| [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''54.85%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|37.02% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|8.12%
|-
| [[Norway]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''50.99%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|33.44% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|15.56%
|}

| colwidth=2em | &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top" |

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Erdoğan !! İhsanoğlu !! Demirtaş
|-
| [[Oman]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|29.03% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''69.35%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|1.61%
|-
| [[Poland]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|32.17% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''50.00%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|17.83%
|-
| [[Qatar]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|24.51% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''61.76%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|13.73%
|-
| [[Romania]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|38.27% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''42.65%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|19.08%
|-
| [[Russia]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|28.74% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''64.10%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|7.16%
|-
| [[Saudi Arabia]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''80.55%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|18.38% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|1.07%
|-
| [[South Africa]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|33.33% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''66.06%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|0.61%
|-
| [[Spain]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|11.00% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''76.98%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|12.03%
|-
| [[Sudan]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''53.94%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|44.24% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|1.82%
|-
| [[Sweden]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''51.11%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|32.64% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|16.25%
|-
| [[Switzerland]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''39.62%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|31.89% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|28.49%
|-
| [[Tunisia]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|32.14% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''61.90%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|5.95%
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|39.57% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''55.00%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|5.43%
|-
| [[Ukraine]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''48.17%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|44.04% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|7.80%
|-
| [[United Arab Emirates]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|18.75% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''75.47%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|5.78%
|-
| [[United Kingdom]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|23.53% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''49.72%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|26.74%
|-
| [[United States of America]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|15.91% || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|'''77.88%''' || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|6.21%
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]] || style="background:#fc0; text-align:center;"|'''65.57%''' || style="background:#FF5050; text-align:center;"|32.79% || style="background:#f9f; text-align:center;"|1.64%
|}
|}

A summary of the numbers of countries won by each candidate is shown below.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!scope="col", colspan="2"|Candidate
!Countries with pluralities (<50%)
!Countries with majorities (>50%)
!Combined
!Proportion
|-
|style="background:#ffd42a; width:4px; text-align:center;"| || align=left|Recep Tayyip Erdoğan||4||19||23||42.59%
|-
|style="background:#d70000; width:4px; text-align:center;"| || align=left|Ekmeleddin Mehmet İhsanoğlu||8||23||31||57.41%
|-
|style="background:#B53389; width:4px; text-align:center;"| || align=left|[[Selahattin Demirtaş]]||0||0||0||0.00%
|-
|scope="col", colspan="2"|{{align|left|'''Total'''}}||'''12'''||'''42'''||'''54'''||'''100.00%'''
|}

[[File:cbyurtdisi2014.png|500px|thumb|center|{{Color box|#ED8000|border=darkgray}} Countries won by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan<br />
{{Color box|#DA251C|border=darkgray}} Countries won by Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu]]

== See also ==
*[[Turkic history]]
*[[Turkic peoples]]
*[[Turkish population]]
*[[Uyghurs]]

== Further reading ==
*İçduygu, Ahmet, Şule Toktaş, and B. Ali Soner. "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01419870701491937?casa_token=-W7k0MnN-JcAAAAA%3A3k7bIvO4MtfukucZt6Ugn8Nwkm4yk6-WPI8BeArHzqb2NIYoXwWKFHj5hNN9lnwSH3AsFNtYteT0KA The politics of population in a nation-building process: emigration of non-Muslims from Turkey]." Ethnic and Racial Studies 31.2 (2008): 358–389.

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Turkish people by country|state=collapsed}}
{{European diasporas}}
{{Overseas Asians}}

{{Commons category|Turkish diaspora}}

[[Category:Turkish diaspora|*]]
[[Category:Turkish communities outside Turkey]]