View source for Turkish Australians

{{Short description|Australian people of Turkish descent}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Turkish Australians<br/><small>''Avustralya'daki Türkler''</small>
| image            = Son of Turkish veteran on the steps of Shrine of Remembrance.jpg
| caption          = Son of Turkish Gallipoli veteran at the [[Shrine of Remembrance]] in [[Melbourne]]
| population       = '''87,164''' (by ancestry, [[2021 Australian census|2021]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/AUS | title=2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|accessdate=27 July 2022}}</ref><br>('''0.3%''' of the [[Demography of Australia|Australian population]])
<br />'''38,568''' (by birth, [[2021 Australian census|2021]])
| popplace         = [[Melbourne]], [[Sydney]], [[Wollongong]]
| langs            = [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (including the [[Cypriot Turkish]] dialect) and [[Australian English]]
| rels             = Predominantly [[Sunni Islam]]<br />Minority [[Alevism]], [[Christianity]], Other religions and [[Irreligion|Irreligious]]
}}
{{Turkish people}}

'''Turkish Australians''' ({{langx|tr|{{italics correction|Türk Avustralyalılar}}}}) or '''Australian Turks''' ({{langx|tr|{{italics correction|Avustralyalı Türkler}}}}) are [[Australians]] who have emigrated from [[Turkey]] or who have [[Turkish people|Turkish]] ancestral origins.

Turks first began to immigrate to Australia from [[Cyprus]] for work in the 1940s, and then again when [[Turkish Cypriots]] were forced to leave their homes during the [[Cyprus conflict]] between 1963 and 1974. Furthermore, many Turkish immigrants arrived in Australia after a bilateral agreement was signed between [[Turkey]] and [[Australia]] in 1967. Recently, smaller groups of Turks have begun to immigrate to Australia from [[Bulgaria]], [[Greece]], [[Iraq]] and [[North Macedonia]]. There were also many Australians in Turkey during [[World War I]] ([[Gallipoli Campaign|Gallipoli]]/[[Australian and New Zealand Army Corps|ANZAC]]).

== History ==

===Ottoman migration===
Earliest known short term Turkish migrants in Australia date back to 1860s to 1900 period when small groups of mainly Muslim [[Australian feral camel#cameleers|cameleers]] were shipped in and out of Australia at three-year intervals, to service [[South Australia]]'s inland pastoral industry by carting goods and transporting [[wool bale]]s by [[camel train]]s, who were commonly referred to as "Afghans" or "Ghans", despite their origin often being mainly from [[British India]], and some even from [[Afghan Australians#Afghan cameleers|Afghanistan]] and [[Egyptian Australians#History|Egypt]] and Turkey.<ref>[http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/afghan-cameleers australia.gov.au > About Australia > Australian Stories > Afghan cameleers in Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805054200/http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/afghan-cameleers |date=5 August 2016 }}. Accessed 8 May 2014.</ref>

The presence of Turkish people in Australia dates back to the early 19th century, although at the time there were only about 20 Turkish settlers. Their number increased to 300 by the 1911 census. Their number declined during the First World War when Australia and Turkey fought on opposite sides.<ref>{{Harvnb|Babacan|2001|loc=709}}.</ref>

===Turkish Cypriot migration===
{{Main|Cypriot Australian}}
[[File:TurkishcypriotsinVictoria.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Turkish Cypriot community in Victoria]]

A notable scale of [[Turkish Cypriot]] migration to [[Australia]] began in the late 1940s;<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=17">{{Harvnb|Hüssein|2007|loc=17}}</ref> they were the only [[Muslims]] acceptable under the [[White Australia Policy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Cleland|2001|loc=24}}</ref> Prior to 1940, the [[Australian Census]] recorded only three settlers from [[Cyprus]] that spoke [[Turkish language|Turkish]] as their primary language. A further 66 Turkish Cypriots arrived in Australia in the late 1940s, marking the beginning of a Turkish Cypriot immigration trend to Australia.<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=17"/> By 1947-1956 there were 350 Turkish Cypriot settlers who were living in Australia.<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=18">{{Harvnb|Hüssein|2007|loc=18}}</ref>

Between 1955 and 1960, the island of Cyprus' independence was approaching; however, Turkish Cypriots felt vulnerable as they had cause for concern about the political future of the island when the [[Greek Cypriots]] attempted to overthrow the [[British government]] and unite Cyprus with [[Greece]] (known as "[[enosis]]").<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=18"/> After a failed attempt by the Greek Cypriots, the right-wing party, [[EOKA]], reformed itself from 1963 to 1974 and launched a series of attacks in a bid to proclaim "enosis". These atrocities resulted in the exodus of Turkish Cypriots in fear for their lives, many migrating to Australia and Britain.<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=18"/> Early Turkish Cypriot immigrants found jobs working in factories, out in the fields, or building national infrastructure.<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=19">{{Harvnb|Hüssein|2007|loc=19}}</ref> However, some Turkish Cypriots became entrepreneurs and established their own businesses once they had saved enough money.<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=19"/>

Once the [[Greek military junta of 1967–1974|Greek military junta]] rose to power in 1967, they staged a [[coup d'état]] in 1974 against the Cypriot President, with the help of [[EOKA B]], to unite the island of Cyprus with Greece.<ref name=CountryStudies>{{cite web|author=Country Studies|title=The Greek Coup and the Turkish Invasion
| url = http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/15.htm|access-date=2011-07-15}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=January 2020}} Thus, there was an [[Emigration|exodus]] of more Turkish Cypriots to Australia due to fears that the island would unite with Greece.<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=18"/> The Greek coup led to a [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|military invasion]] by [[Turkey]] which [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|divided the island]].<ref name=CountryStudies/>{{Better source needed|date=January 2020}} In 1983 the Turkish Cypriots declared their own state, the [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] (TRNC), which has remained internationally unrecognised except by Turkey.<ref name=claim1/> The division has led to an [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus#United States arms embargo on Turkey and Republic of Cyprus|economic embargo against the Turkish Cypriots]] by the United States and Greek Cypriot controlled Government of Cyprus,<ref name=claim1/><ref>[http://cyprus-mail.com/2015/05/20/us-house-asks-for-report-on-cyprus-defence-capabilities/ US House asks for report on Cyprus's defence capabilities], Cyprus Mail, 20 May 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.pmddtc.state.gov/FR/1992/57FR60265a.pdf 57 FR 60265 - Department of State Denial Notice]</ref> effectively depriving the Turkish Cypriots of foreign investment, aid and export markets.<ref name=claim1/> Thus, the [[Economy of Northern Cyprus|Turkish Cypriot economy]] has remained stagnant and undeveloped; Turkish Cypriots have continued to leave the island in search of a better life in [[United Kingdom|Britain]], [[Australia]], and [[Canada]].<ref name=claim1>{{Harvnb|Papadakis|Peristianis|Welz|2006|loc=94}}.</ref>

===Mainland Turkish migration===
On 5 October 1967, the governments of [[Australia]] and [[Turkey]] signed an agreement to allow Turkish citizens to immigrate to Australia.<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=196">{{Harvnb|Hüssein|2007|loc=196}}</ref> Prior to this recruitment agreement, there were
less than 3,000 people of Turkish origin in Australia.<ref name="Hopkins 2011 loc=116">{{Harvnb|Hopkins|2011|loc=116}}</ref> According to the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]], nearly 19,000 Turkish immigrants arrived from 1968 to 1974.<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=196"/> The first Turkish immigrants were greeted at [[Sydney International Airport]] by [[Turkish Cypriots]], whilst Turkish immigrants who moved to [[Melbourne]] were greeted at [[Essendon Airport]] by members of the Cyprus Turkish Association.<ref name="Hüssein 2007 loc=19"/> They came largely from [[rural]] areas of Turkey; at the time, approximately 30% were skilled and 70% were unskilled workers.<ref name="Saeed 2003 loc=9">{{Harvnb|Saeed|2003|loc=9}}</ref> However, this changed in the 1980s when the number of skilled Turks applying to enter Australia had increased considerably.<ref name="Saeed 2003 loc=9"/> Over the next 35 years the Turkish population rose to almost 100,000.<ref name="Hopkins 2011 loc=116"/> More than half of the Turkish community settled in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], mostly in the north-western suburbs of [[Melbourne]].<ref name="Hopkins 2011 loc=116"/>

===Migration from other countries===
There are also ethnic Turks who have immigrated to Australia from [[Bulgaria]], the [[Western Thrace]] area of northern [[Greece]], [[North Macedonia]], as well as [[Germany]] and other [[Western European]] countries.<ref name="Inglis et al 2009 loc=108">{{Harvnb|Inglis|Akgönül|de Tapia|2009|loc=108}}.</ref>

== Demographics ==
[[File:Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Inner Sydney by POA - BCP field 1210 Turkish Total Responses.svg|thumb|right|200px|People with Turkish ancestry as a percentage of the population in [[Sydney]] divided geographically by postal area, as of the 2011 census]]
[[File:Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Australia by SLA - BCP field 1210 Turkish Total Responses.svg|thumb]]
{{see also|Demographics of Australia}}

===Population===
According to the [[2021 Australian census]], 38,568 Australian residents were born in Turkey. In addition, 87,164 people born in Australia claimed 
Turkish  ancestry, making up 0.3% of the country's population.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/AUS | title=2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|accessdate=27 July 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
| colspan=8 align="center" | Number of ethnic Turks in Australia according to the [[2006 Australian Census]]<ref name=2006census>{{cite web|author=Australian Bureau of Statistics|title=2006 Census Ethnic Media Package|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/2914.0.55.0022006?OpenDocument|access-date=2011-07-13}}</ref>
|-
! Country of birth !! ethnic [[Turkish people|Turks]] !! [[Turkish language|Turkish]] spoken at home
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Department of Immigration and Citizenship|year=2006|title=Community Information Summary:Turkey|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/turkey.pdf|publisher=Australian Government|page=2}}</ref> || 24,770 || 24,852
|-
| {{flag|Northern Cyprus}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Department of Immigration and Citizenship|year=2006|title=Community Information Summary:Cyprus|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/cyprus.pdf|publisher=Australian Government|page=2}}</ref> || 3,290{{Cref|a}} || 3,345
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Department of Immigration and Citizenship|year=2006|title=Community Information Summary:Bulgaria|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/bulgaria.pdf|publisher=Australian Government|page=2}}</ref> || 270 || 263
|-
| {{flag|Greece}}<ref name=2006census/> || N/A || 313
|-
| {{flag|North Macedonia}}<ref name=2006census/> || N/A || 125
|-
| Including ancestry || 59,402<ref name=Ancestry2006census>{{cite web|author=Australian Bureau of Statistics|title=20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex - Australia|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=-1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Ancestry&action=404&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true&|access-date=2011-07-13}}</ref> || 53,866<ref>{{cite web|author=Australian Bureau of Statistics|title=20680-Language Spoken at Home by Sex - Australia|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/TopicList?subaction=-1&action=301&topic=Language&collection=Census&textversion=false&breadcrumb=T&period=2006&javascript=true&navmapdisplayed=true&|access-date=2011-07-14}}</ref>
|}

====Turkish Cypriot population====
{{Main|Cypriot Australian}}
In 1993 a publication from the [[Council of Europe]] reported that 30,000 [[Turkish Cypriot]] immigrants were living in [[Australia]].<ref name=CouncilofEurope>{{citation|year=1993|title=European Population Conference: Proceedings, Geneva|volume=2|publisher=[[Council of Europe]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=grk3AQAAMAAJ&q=number+of+Turkish+Cypriots+now+living+in+Turkey+is+about+300+000+while+the+number+of+those+who+have+settled+in+England+is+100+000.+There+are+also+approximately+30+000+Turkish+Cypriots+living+in+Australia+and+about+6+000+in+Canada+and+the|quote= The number of Turkish Cypriots now living in Turkey is about 300 000 while the number of those who have settled in England is 100 000. There are also approximately 30 000 Turkish Cypriots living in Australia and about 6 000 in Canada and the U.S.A.|isbn=9789287125514}}</ref> By 2001 the [[TRNC]] Ministry of Foreign Affairs claimed to represent 40,000 Turkish Cypriots (i.e. [[TRNC]] citizens only) living in Australia.<ref name=TRNCInfo>{{cite web|author=TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs|title=Briefing Notes on the Cyprus Issue|url=http://www.trncinfo.com/tanitma/en/index.asp?sayfa=cms&dmid=0&cmsid=214&ssid=556095671|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927002327/http://www.trncinfo.com/tanitma/en/index.asp?sayfa=cms&dmid=0&cmsid=214&ssid=556095671|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 September 2011|access-date=2010-10-03}}</ref> More recently, in 2016, Dr Levent Vahdettin et al. said that the total Turkish Cypriot Australian community was 120,000 - including descendants.<ref name=Vahdettinetal>{{citation|last1=Vahdettin|first1=Levent|last2=Aksoy|first2=Seçil|last3=Öz|first3=Ulaş|last4=Orhan|first4=Kaan|year=2016|title=Three-dimensional cephalometric norms of Turkish Cypriots using CBCT images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program in vivo|publisher=[[Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey]]|quote=Recent estimates suggest that there are now 500,000 Turkish Cypriots living in Turkey, 300,000 in the United Kingdom, 120,000 in Australia, 5000 in the United States, 2000 in Germany, 1800 in Canada, and 1600 in New Zealand with a smaller community in South Africa.}}</ref>

====Mainland Turkish population====
In 1999, Rob White et al. said that there was 75,000 people who were Turkish-born or had a Turkish immigrant background in Australia.<ref>{{citation|last1=White|first1=Rob|last2=Perrone|first2=Santina|last3=Guerra|first3=Carmel|last4=Lampugnani|first4=Rosario|year=1999|title=Ethnic Youth Gangs in Australia Do They Exist?: Report No. 2 Turkish Young People|url=http://amf.net.au/library/file/Ethnic_Youth_Gangs_Turkish_Young_People.pdf|page=17|publisher=Australian Multicultural Foundation}}</ref> By 2011 Dr Liza Hopkins said that within 35 years, between 1967 and 2002, the Turkish-immigrant community and their descendants had risen to 100,000.<ref name="Hopkins 2011 loc=116"/> More recently, the Turkish origin population in Australia (i.e. excluding Turkish Cypriots etc.) was 200,000 in 2017.<ref name=Lennie>{{cite web|last=Lennie|first=Soraya|year=2017|title=Turkish diaspora in Australia vote in referendum|url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkish-diaspora-in-australia-vote-in-referendum-327290|publisher=[[TRT World]]|quote=An estimated 200,000 Turks live in Australia with most of them based in Melbourne's northern suburbs.|page=28|accessdate=14 November 2020}}</ref>

====Other Turkish populations====
There are smaller populations of Turkish ancestry who have immigrated to Australia from [[Bulgaria]], the [[Western Thrace]] area of northern [[Greece]], [[North Macedonia]], as well as some who had migrated via [[Germany]] and other [[Western European]] countries.<ref name="Inglis et al 2009 loc=108"/>

===Settlement===
Turkish Australians mainly live in [[New South Wales]] and [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], especially in the cities of [[Melbourne]] and [[Sydney]]. In Melbourne they reside largely in the northern suburbs of [[Broadmeadows, Victoria|Broadmeadows]], [[Dallas, Victoria|Dallas]], [[Roxburgh Park, Victoria|Roxburgh Park]] and [[Meadow Heights, Victoria|Meadow Heights]].<ref name="Saeed 2003 loc=9"/> In [[Sydney]], they are concentrated in [[Auburn, New South Wales|Auburn]].<ref name="Saeed 2003 loc=9"/>

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart|caption=Religion of Australians born in Turkey
|label1=[[Islam in Turkey|Islam]]|label2=[[Irreligion|No religion]]|label3=[[Oriental Orthodox]]|label4=[[Eastern Orthodox]]|label5=Others|value1=67.6|value2=20.6|value3=1.7|value4=1.6|value5=8.5|color1=Green|color2=Whitesmoke|color3=DarkRed|color4=Darkblue|color5=Turquoise}}
In 2016, [[Muslims|Muslim]] community representing 64% from Turkish Australians population (32,178 people), where 19.1% as [[Irreligion|Non-Religious]], 2.4% as [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox]], 2.2% as [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox]], 4.5% as Other religion and 7.3% as Not stated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkish Culture |url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/turkish-culture |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Cultural Atlas |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, population of Turkish Australians (38,586 people in 2021) were identifying as Muslim increased to 67.6%, were 20.6% as [[Irreligion|Non-Religious]], 1.7% as Oriental Orthodox, 1.6% as [[Eastern Orthodoxy in Turkey|Eastern Orthodox]] and 8.5% as Other religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 People in Australia who were born in Turkey, Census Country of birth QuickStats {{!}} Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/4215_AUS |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=www.abs.gov.au}}</ref>

==Culture==
Community bonds remain strong in the Turkish Australian community. They are geographically concentrated in particular areas of Australia which has led to the maintenance of certain cultural traditions across generations.<ref>{{Harvnb|Windle|2009|loc=175}}.</ref> More generally, notions of family loyalty, the social organisation of marriage and traditional segregation of gender roles have shaped the youths' identities in Australia.<ref name="Zevallos 2008 loc=24">{{Harvnb|Zevallos|2008|loc=24}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{see also|Religion in Australia|Islam in Australia}}

[[Turkish Cypriots]] are considered to be the first immigrants in Australia who formed a large [[Muslim]] community, followed by immigrants from [[Turkey]] and then [[Lebanon]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Humphrey|2001|loc=36}}.</ref> According to the 2006 Australian census, 18% of Australian Muslims are of [[Turkish people|Turkish]] origin.<ref>{{Harvnb|Humphrey|2009|loc=146}}.</ref> Turkish Australian Muslims practice a "moderate Islam" and are significantly [[secularised]];<ref>{{Harvnb|Humphrey|2009|loc=148}}.</ref> Turkish Cypriots in particular are not so religious and are brought up as [[Kemalist]]s and are strongly [[Secularism|secular]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Ali|Sonn|2010|loc=425}}.</ref>

The Turkish Australian community favours religious sermons in the [[Turkish language]] (rather than in Arabic) and attends Friday prayers in Turkish mosques.<ref>{{Harvnb|Akbarzadeh|2001|loc=232}}.</ref> There are numerous notable Turkish mosques in Australia; in 1992, the Cyprus Turkish Islamic Society constructed an [[Ottoman architecture|Ottoman-style]] mosque, known as the [[Sunshine Mosque]], which was designed to mirror the [[Sultan Ahmed Mosque]] in [[Istanbul]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Hüssein|2007|loc=295}}.</ref> Another important Turkish mosque is the [[Auburn Gallipoli Mosque]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Inglis|2008|loc=522}}.</ref> which attracts about 800 worshippers every week and is listed as an Australian heritage building.<ref>{{cite news|author=The Sydney Morning Herald|title=Turkish mosque joins honour roll of Australian heritage buildings|url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/turkish-mosque-joins-honour-roll-of-australian-heritage-buildings-20100423-tj4b.html|access-date=2011-07-13|date=24 April 2010}}</ref> [[Thomastown Mosque]] was built (early 1990s) by the Thomastown Turkish Islamic Society.<ref name="Kabir189192">{{harvnb|Kabir|2004|pp=189–192.}}</ref>

According to the [[2016 Australian census|2016 Census]], a majority (67.1%) of the Turkey-born population in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] was [[Muslim]].<ref>[https://www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/Turkey-Community-Profile-2016-Census.pdf Table 13: Religious Affiliation (Top Twenty), Turkey-born and the Total Victorian Population: 2016, 2011]</ref> Approximately 16.4% of the Turks were not religious, while the largest Christian denominations were the [[Oriental Orthodox Churches]] (2.4%), [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]es (2.0%), the [[Catholic Church]] (1.2%) and other churches (1.6%). The rest of the population belong to other religions or did not state their religious affiliation.

===Language===
[[File:Australian Turkish Friendship Memorial 1.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The [[Australian Turkish Friendship Memorial]] commissioned by the Turkish Sub-branch of the [[Returned and Services League of Australia|Victorian RSL]] honours WWI fallen soldiers and is a tribute to Australian-Turkish relations]]
The [[Turkish language]] is well maintained in Australia and is seen as very important for the self-identification of Turkish Australians.<ref name="Zevallos 2008 loc=24"/> There are numerous Turkish private schools, including Ilim College, Irfan College, Sirius (previously known as Isik) College, Damla College and Burc College that cater for Turkish Australian students.<ref>{{Harvnb|Windle|2009|loc=182}}.</ref>

==Media==

===Newspapers===
There are several Turkish language newspapers produced in Australia and generally available free of charge, including ''Turkish News Press'', ''Anadolu'', ''Yeni Vatan'', ''Dünya'', ''Camia'', ''Zaman'', and the ''Australian Turkish News Weekly''.<ref name="Hopkins 2009 loc=234">{{Harvnb|Hopkins|2009|loc=234}}</ref>

===Radio===
The Australian Voice of Turkey currently broadcasts 7 days a week through the digital station 2TripleO which is based in Burwood in Sydney. Also, in [[Sydney]] and [[Melbourne]] [[SBS Radio]] broadcasts in the [[Turkish language]] for an hour a day.<ref name="Hopkins 2009 loc=234"/> Other community stations also broadcast in Turkish, though with less hours of content. For example, [[3ZZZ]] currently produces five hours of Turkish programming spread over four days each week.<ref name="Hopkins 2009 loc=234"/>

===Television===
Turkish [[satellite television]] services are available in Australia. The Australian satellite service provider [[UBI World TV]] claims to reach 40,000 Turkish speakers.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hopkins|2009|loc=238}}</ref> Furthermore, [[Bayrak|BRT]], the official radio and television broadcasting corporation of [[Northern Cyprus]], claims to reach 60,000 Turkish Cypriot Australians.<ref name=BRT>{{cite web |author=BRT|title=AVUSTURALYA'DA KIBRS TÜRKÜNÜN SESİ|url=http://www.brtk.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31316:avusturalyada-kibrs-tuerkuenuen-ses&catid=1:kktc&Itemid=3|access-date=2011-07-18}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{see also|List of Turkish Australians}}

==See also== 
* [[Australia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Australians in Turkey]]
* [[Albion Rovers FC (Cairnlea)]], football club established by the Turkish Cypriot community 
* [[Hume City FC]], football club established by the Turkish community 
* [[Kemal Atatürk Memorial, Canberra]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
{{Cnote|a|The 2006 census recorded a further 4,120 "Cypriots"; however, it is unclear whether these include [[Greek Cypriots]] or [[Turkish Cypriots]].}}
{{notelist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|2}}
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* {{citation |last1=Ali|first1=Lütfiye|last2=Sonn|first2=Christopher C.|year=2010|title=Constructing Identity as a Second-Generation Cypriot Turkish in Australia: The Multi-hyphenated Other|journal=Culture & Psychology|publisher=Sage|volume=16|issue=3|pages=416–436|doi=10.1177/1354067x10361398|s2cid=145803244}}
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*{{citation |last=Cleland|first=Bilal|year=2001|chapter=The History of Muslims in Australia|title=Muslim Communities in Australia|editor1-last=Saeed|editor1-first=Abdullah|editor2-last=Akbarzadeh|editor2-first=Shahram|publisher=University of New South Wales|isbn=0-86840-580-9}}.
*{{citation |last=Department of Immigration and Citizenship|year=2006|title=Community Information Summary:Turkey-born|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/turkey.pdf|publisher=Australian Government}}
*{{citation |last1=Docker|first1=John|last2=Fischer|first2=Gerhard|year=2000|title= Race, Colour, and Identity in Australia and New Zealand |publisher=UNSW Press|isbn=0-86840-538-8}}.
* {{citation |last=Hopkins|first=Liza|year=2009|title=Turkish Transnational Media in Melbourne: a Migrant Mediascape|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001886/188648e.pdf|journal=International Journal on Multicultural Societies|volume=11|issue=2|pages=230–247}}
* {{citation |last=Hopkins|first=Liza|year=2011|title=A Contested Identity: Resisting the Category Muslim-Australian|journal=Immigrants & Minorities|publisher=Routledge|volume=29|issue=1|pages=110–131|doi=10.1080/02619288.2011.553139|s2cid=145324792}}
*{{citation |last=Humphrey|first=Michael|year=2001|chapter=An Australian Islam? Religion in the Multicultural City|title=Muslim Communities in Australia|editor1-last=Saeed|editor1-first=Abdullah|editor2-last=Akbarzadeh|editor2-first=Shahram|publisher=University of New South Wales|isbn=0-86840-580-9}}.
* {{citation |last=Humphrey|first=Michael|year=2009|title=Securitisation and Domestication of Diaspora Muslims and Islam: Turkish immigrants in Germany and Australia|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001886/188648e.pdf|journal=International Journal on Multicultural Societies|volume=11|issue=2|pages=136–154}}
*{{citation |last=Hüssein|first=Serkan|year=2007|title=Yesterday & Today: Turkish Cypriots of Australia|publisher=Serkan Hussein|isbn=978-0-646-47783-1}}.
*{{citation |last=Inglis|first=K. S.|year=2008|title=Sacred Places: War Memorials in the Australian Landscape|publisher=The Miegunyah Press|isbn=978-0-522-85479-4}}.
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*{{cite book|last=Kabir|first=Nahid Afrose|title=Muslims in Australia: Immigration, Race Relations and Cultural History|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136214998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HosBgAAQBAJ&dq=Thomastown+mosque&pg=PA189}}
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{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Australians of Turkish descent}}
*[http://www.austurkish.org.au/history.html Australian Turkish Association]
*[http://www.atccwa.websyte.com.au/ Australian Turkish Cypriot Cultural and Welfare Association]

{{Turkish diaspora}}
{{MENA Australians}}
{{Overseas Asians}}
{{Ancestry of Australians}}

[[Category:European diaspora in Australia]]
[[Category:Asian diaspora in Australia]]
[[Category:Australian people of Turkish descent|*]]
[[Category:Turkish diaspora by country|Australia]]
[[Category:Australia–Turkey relations]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Australia]]