View source for Turing Award

{{Short description|American annual computer science prize}}
{{Featured list}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = ACM Turing Award
| image = Turing_statue_Surrey.jpg
| caption = Statue of [[Alan Turing]], the award's namesake
| alt = Statue of Alan Turing
| awarded_for = Outstanding contributions in [[computer science]]
| presenter = [[Association for Computing Machinery]]
| country = United States
| reward = {{US$|1000000}}<ref name="million">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1145/2685372 | title = ACM's Turing Award prize raised to $1 million |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2685372 | journal = Communications of the ACM | volume = 57 | issue = 12 | page = 20 | year = 2014| author = CACM Staff | url-access = subscription }}</ref>
| firstawarded = {{start date and age|1966}}
| website = {{URL|https://amturing.acm.org}}
}}

The '''ACM A. M. Turing Award''' is an annual prize given by the [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM) for contributions of lasting and major technical importance to [[computer science]]. It is generally recognized as the highest distinction in the field of computer science and is often referred to as the "[[List of awards considered the highest in a field|Nobel Prize of Computing]]". {{As of|2025}}, 79 people have been awarded the prize, with the most recent recipients being [[Andrew Barto]] and [[Richard S. Sutton]], who won in 2024.<ref name="ACM" /><ref name="BartoSutton">{{cite press release|title=ACM A.M. Turing Award Honors Two Researchers Who Led the Development of Cornerstone AI Technology|publisher=The Association for Computing Machinery|url=https://awards.acm.org/about/2024-turing|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305185022/https://awards.acm.org/about/2024-turing|archive-date=March 5, 2025|date=March 5, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Sanjoy |last2=Papadimitriou |first2=Christos |author2-link=Christos Papadimitriou |last3=Vazirani |first3=Umesh | author3-link=Umesh Vazirani |title=Algorithms |url=https://archive.org/details/algorithms00dasg_934 |url-access=limited |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-07-352340-8 |page = [https://archive.org/details/algorithms00dasg_934/page/n316 317]
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=dblp: ACM Turing Award Lectures|url=http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/cacm/turing.html|access-date=2023-02-11|website= informatik.uni-trier.de|language=en|archive-date=January 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102222046/http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/cacm/turing.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.networkworld.com/article/692664/data-center-why-there-s-no-nobel-prize-in-computing.html |title = Why there's no Nobel Prize in Computing |last = Brown |first = Bob <!-- http://www.networkworld.com/author/Bob-Brown/ --> |website = [[Network World]] |date = June 6, 2011 |access-date = June 3, 2015
| archive-date = December 4, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231204215338/https://www.networkworld.com/article/692664/data-center-why-there-s-no-nobel-prize-in-computing.html |url-status = live}}</ref>

The award is named after [[Alan Turing]], also referred as "Father of Computer Science", who was a British mathematician and [[Reader (academic rank)|reader]] in mathematics at the [[University of Manchester]]. Turing is often credited as being the founder of [[theoretical computer science]] and [[artificial intelligence]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Homer, Steven and Alan L.|title=Computability and Complexity Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5kOgS1IB-8C&pg=PA35|page=35|isbn=978-0-387-95055-6|access-date=November 5, 2007|year=2001|publisher=Springer |archive-date=April 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403154225/https://books.google.com/books?id=r5kOgS1IB-8C&pg=PA35|url-status=live}}</ref> and a key contributor to the Allied [[cryptanalysis]] of the [[Enigma cipher]] during [[World War II]].<ref name="bbc-copeland">{{cite news |last=Copeland |first=Jack |author-link=Jack Copeland |date=18 June 2012 |title=Alan Turing: The codebreaker who saved 'millions of lives' |publisher=BBC News Technology |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18419691 |url-status=live |access-date=26 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011045451/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18419691 |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> From 2007 to 2013, the award was accompanied by a prize of {{US$|250000}}, with financial support provided by [[Intel]] and [[Google]].<ref name="ACM">{{cite web|title=A. M. Turing Award |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |url=http://awards.acm.org/homepage.cfm?srt=all&awd=140|access-date=November 5, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212132624/http://awards.acm.org/homepage.cfm?srt=all&awd=140|archive-date=December 12, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases-2007/turingaward/ |title = ACM'S Turing Award Prize Raised To $250,000 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] press release |date=July 27, 2007|access-date=October 16, 2008 |first=Steven |last = Geringer |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081230233653/http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases-2007/turingaward/ |archive-date=December 30, 2008}}</ref> Since 2014, the award has been accompanied by a prize of {{US$|1}}&nbsp;million, with financial support provided by Google.<ref name="million" /><ref>{{cite web|title=ACM's Turing Award Prize Raised to $1 Million |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]]  |url=http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2014/turing-prize-announcement|access-date=November 13, 2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123032706/http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2014/turing-prize-announcement|archive-date=November 23, 2015}}</ref>

The first recipient, in 1966, was [[Alan Perlis]]. The youngest recipient was [[Donald Knuth]], who won in 1974 at the age of 36,<ref>{{cite arXiv |title=What Kind of Person Wins the Turing Award? |author1=Zhongkai Shangguan |author2=Zihe Zheng |author3=Jiebo Luo |date=2021 |pages=1 |class=cs.GL |quote=The youngest winner was Donald Knuth, who convinced the jury with "Computer Programming as an Art" and won [the] Turing Award in 1974 at the age of 36. |eprint=2104.05636 }}</ref> while the oldest recipient was [[Alfred Aho]], who won in 2020 at the age of 79.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Turing-Award |title=Turing Award |author=William L. Hosch |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |access-date=March 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205065404/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Turing-Award |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> Only three women have been awarded the prize: [[Frances Allen]] (in 2006),<ref name="Allen">{{cite press release|title=First Woman to Receive ACM Turing Award|publisher=The Association for Computing Machinery|url=http://campus.acm.org/public/pressroom/press_releases/2_2007/turing2006.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702034203/http://campus.acm.org/public/pressroom/press_releases/2_2007/turing2006.cfm|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 2, 2007|date=February 21, 2007|access-date=November 5, 2007}}</ref> [[Barbara Liskov]] (in 2008),<ref name="liskov" /> and [[Shafi Goldwasser]] (in 2012).<ref name="goldwasser" />

[[File:Turing_Award,_on_display_at_Nokia_Bell_Labs,_NJ,_USA,_Aug_2025.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.6|alt=Photo of The Turing Award on display at Nokia Bell Labs, August 2025.|The Turing Award of 1983, given to [[Dennis Ritchie]] and [[Ken Thompson]], on display at [[Nokia Bell Labs]].]]

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== Recipients ==
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{|class="wikitable sortable" 
|+ Recipients of the ACM Turing award
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" |Recipient(s)
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photo
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |Rationale
!scope="col" |Affiliated institute(s)
|-
!scope="row" |1966
|{{sortname|Alan|Perlis}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|"For his influence in the area of advanced [[computer programming]] techniques and [[compiler]] construction"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Perlis |first1=A. J. |doi=10.1145/321371.321372 |title=The Synthesis of Algorithmic Systems |journal=Journal of the ACM |volume=14 |pages=1–9 |year=1967 |s2cid=12937998 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="perlis">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/perlis_0132439.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=David Nofre |title=Alan J Perlis - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=April 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426093320/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/perlis_0132439.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Carnegie Mellon University]]
|-
!scope="row" |1967
|{{sortname|Maurice|Wilkes}}
|[[File:Maurice Vincent Wilkes 1980 (3, cropped).jpg|alt=Maurice Wilkes |80px]]
|For contributions including being "the builder and designer of the [[EDSAC]], the second computer with an internally stored [[computer program|program]]" and introducing [[program libraries]] (together with [[David Wheeler (computer scientist)|David Wheeler]] and [[Stanley Gill]])<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/321439.321440|title=Computers then and Now |journal=Journal of the ACM |volume=15|pages=1–7 |year=1968|last1=Wilkes |first1=M. V. |s2cid=9846847 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="wilkes">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wilkes_1001395.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Martin Campbell-Kelly |title=Maurice V. Wilkes - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107010210/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wilkes_1001395.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of Cambridge]]
|-
!scope="row" |1968
|{{sortname|Richard|Hamming}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|"For his work on [[numerical method]]s, automatic coding systems, and [[Error detection and correction|error-detecting and error-correcting codes]]"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/321495.321497 |title=One Man's View of Computer Science |journal=Journal of the ACM |volume=16|pages=3–12 |year=1969 |last=Hamming |first=R. W.|s2cid=6868310 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="hamming">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hamming_1000652.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Edmund F. Robertson |title=Richard W. Hamming - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030025652/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hamming_1000652.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of Louisville]]<br>[[Bell Labs]]
|-
!scope="row" |1969
|{{sortname|Marvin|Minsky}}
|[[File:Marvin Minsky at OLPCc.jpg|alt=Marvin Minsky |80px]]
|"For his central role in creating, shaping, promoting, and advancing the field of [[artificial intelligence]]"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/321574.321575 |title=Form and Content in Computer Science (1970 ACM turing lecture) |journal=Journal of the ACM |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=197–215 |year=1970 |last=Minsky |first=M. |s2cid=15661281 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="minsky">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/minsky_7440781.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Patrick Henry Winston |title=Marvin Minsky - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=November 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055230/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/minsky_7440781.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|-
!scope="row" |1970
|{{sortname|James H.|Wilkinson}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|"For his research in [[numerical analysis]] to facilitate the use of the high-speed digital computer, having received special recognition for his work in computations in [[linear algebra]] and 'backward' error analysis"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/321637.321638 |title=Some Comments from a Numerical Analyst |journal=Journal of the ACM |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=137–147 |year=1971 |last=Wilkinson |first=J. H.|s2cid=37748083 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="wilkinson">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wilkinson_0671216.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Beresford Neill Parlett |title=James Hardy ("Jim") Wilkinson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105004055/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wilkinson_0671216.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)|National Physical Laboratory]]
|-
!scope="row" |1971
|{{sortname|John|McCarthy|John McCarthy (computer scientist)}}
|[[File:John McCarthy Stanford.jpg|alt=John McCarthy |80px]]
|Award citation refers to McCarthy's lecture "The Present State of Research on Artificial Intelligence"<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1145/33447.33448|title=Generality in artificial intelligence|journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=30|issue=12|pages=1030–1035|year=1987|last1=McCarthy|first1=J.|s2cid=1045033|url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/generality.ps|access-date=November 1, 2017|archive-date=September 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921234938/http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/generality.ps|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="mccarthy">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/mccarthy_1118322.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Lester Earnest |title=John Mccarthy - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=September 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903190145/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/mccarthy_0239596.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Stanford University]]
|-
!scope="row" |1972
|{{sortname|Edsger W.|Dijkstra}}
|[[File:Edsger Wybe Dijkstra.jpg|alt=Edsger W. Dijkstra |80px]]
|"For fundamental contributions to programming as a high, intellectual challenge; for eloquent insistence and practical demonstration that programs should be composed correctly, not just debugged into correctness; for illuminating perception of problems at the foundations of program design"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/355604.361591 |title=The humble programmer |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=859–866 |year=1972 |last=Dijkstra |first=E. W. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="dijkstra">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dijkstra_1053701.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Hamilton Richards |title=Edsger Wybe Dijkstra - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226045727/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dijkstra_1053701.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica]]<br>[[Eindhoven University of Technology]]<br>[[University of Texas at Austin]]
|-
!scope="row" |1973
|{{sortname|Charles|Bachman}}
|[[File:Charles Bachman 2012.jpg|alt=Charles Bachman |80px]]
|"For his outstanding contributions to [[database]] technology"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/355611.362534 |title=The programmer as navigator |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=16 |issue=11 |pages=653–658 |year=1973 |last=Bachman |first=C. W. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="bachman">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bachman_9385610.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=Charles William Bachman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002063303/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bachman_9385610.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|General Electric Research Laboratory (now under [[Groupe Bull]], an [[Atos]] company)
|-
!scope="row" |1974
|{{sortname|Donald|Knuth}}
|[[File:KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg|alt=Donald Knuth |80px]]
|"For his major contributions to the [[analysis of algorithms]] and the design of programming languages, and in particular for his contributions to '[[The Art of Computer Programming]]' through his well-known books in a continuous series by this title"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/361604.361612 |title=Computer programming as an art |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=667–673 |year=1974 |last=Knuth |first=D. E. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="knuth">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/knuth_1013846.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=David Walden |title=Donald ("Don") Ervin Knuth - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017231352/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/knuth_1013846.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[California Institute of Technology]]<br>[[Institute for Defense Analyses#Center for Communications and Computing|Center for Communications Research, Center for Communications and Computing, Institute for Defense Analyses]]<br>[[Stanford University]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |1975
|{{sortname|Allen|Newell}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|rowspan=2 |In collaboration with [[J. C. Shaw]] and others, for "basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human [[cognition]], and [[list processing]]."<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/360018.360022 |title=Computer science as empirical inquiry: Symbols and search |journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=19 |issue=3 |page=113 |year=1976 |last1=Newell |first1=A. |last2=Simon |first2=H. A. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="newell">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/newell_3167755.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Hunter Heyck |title=Allen Newell - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016155145/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/newell_3167755.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="simon">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/simon_1031467.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Hunter Heyck |title=Herbert ("Herb") Alexander Simon - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=April 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418204548/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/simon_1031467.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|rowspan=2 |[[RAND Corporation]]<br>[[Carnegie Mellon University]]
|-
|{{sortname|Herbert A.|Simon}}
|
[[File:Herbert A. Simon and Allen Newell Chess Match (cropped).jpg|alt=Herbert A. Simon |80px]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |1976
|{{sortname|Michael O.|Rabin}}
|[[File:M O Rabin.jpg|alt=Michael O. Rabin |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"For their joint paper '[[Finite Automata]] and Their Decision Problem',<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rabin |first1=M. O. |last2=Scott |first2=D. |doi=10.1147/rd.32.0114 |title=Finite Automata and Their Decision Problems |journal=IBM Journal of Research and Development |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=114 |year=1959 |s2cid=3160330 }}</ref> which introduced the idea of [[Nondeterministic finite automaton|nondeterministic machines]]"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/359810.359816 |title=Complexity of computations |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=20|issue=9 |pages=625–633 |year=1977 |last=Rabin |first=M. O. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/359810.359826 |title=Logic and programming languages |journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=20|issue=9 |pages=634–641|year=1977|last=Scott |first=D. S. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="rabin">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rabin_9681074.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Michael O. Rabin - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=November 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055233/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rabin_9681074.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="scott">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/scott_1193622.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Dana Steward Scott - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226045724/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/scott_1193622.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Princeton University]]
|-
|{{sortname|Dana|Scott}}
|[[File:Scott Dana small.jpg|alt=Dana Scott|80px]]
|[[University of Chicago]]
|-
!scope="row" |1977
|{{sortname|John|Backus}}
|[[File:John Backus 2.jpg|alt=John Backus |80px]]
|"For profound, influential, and lasting contributions to the design of practical high-level programming systems, notably through his work on [[FORTRAN]], and for seminal publication of formal procedures for the specification of [[programming language]]s"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/359576.359579 |title=Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style?: A functional style and its algebra of programs |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=613–641 |year=1978 |last=Backus |first=J. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="backus">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/backus_0703524.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Grady Booch |title=John Backus - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105004055/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/backus_0703524.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[IBM]]
|-
!scope="row" |1978
|{{sortname|Robert W.|Floyd}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|"For having a clear influence on methodologies for the creation of efficient and reliable software, and for helping to found the following important subfields of [[computer science]]: the theory of [[parsing]], the [[semantics]] of programming languages, automatic [[program verification]], [[automatic programming|automatic program synthesis]], and [[analysis of algorithms]]"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Floyd |first1=R. W. |title=The paradigms of programming |doi=10.1145/359138.359140 |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=22 |issue=8 |pages=455–460 |year=1979 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert W. Floyd - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/floyd_3720707.cfm |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=amturing.acm.org}}</ref>
|[[Carnegie Mellon University]]<br>[[Stanford University]]
|-
!scope="row" |1979
|{{sortname|Kenneth E.|Iverson}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|"For his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as [[APL (programming language)|APL]], for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/358896.358899 |title=Notation as a tool of thought |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=444–465 |year=1980 |last=Iverson |first=K. E. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="iverson">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/iverson_9147499.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Keith Smillie |title=Kenneth E. ("Ken") Iverson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403210405/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/iverson_9147499.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[IBM]]
|-
!scope="row" |1980
|{{sortname|Tony|Hoare}}
|[[File:Sir Tony Hoare IMG 5125.jpg|alt=Tony Hoare |80px]]
|"For his fundamental contributions to the definition and design of programming languages"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/358549.358561|title=The emperor's old clothes |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=75–83 |year=1981 |last=Hoare |first=C. A. R. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="hoare">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hoare_4622167.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Cliff Jones |title=C. Antony ("Tony") R. Hoare - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=July 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701153542/http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=4622167&srt=year&year=1980&aw=140&ao=AMTURING |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Queen's University Belfast]]<br>[[University of Oxford]]
|-
!scope="row" |1981
|{{sortname|Edgar F.|Codd}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|"For his fundamental and continuing contributions to the theory and practice of database management systems"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Codd |first1=E. F. |author-link=Edgar F. Codd |title=Relational database: A practical foundation for productivity |doi=10.1145/358396.358400 |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=109–117 |year=1982 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="codd">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/codd_1000892.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=C. J. Date |title=Edgar F. ("Ted") Codd - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=December 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223141345/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/codd_1000892.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[IBM]]
|-
!scope="row" |1982
|{{sortname|Stephen|Cook}}
|[[File:Prof.Cook (cropped).jpg|alt=Stephen Cook |80px]]
|For "his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way"; the citation in particular mentions his paper "The Complexity of Theorem Proving Procedures," which is credited with founding the theory of [[NP-completeness]]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/358141.358144 |title=An overview of computational complexity |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=400–408 |year=1983 |last=Cook |first=S. A. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="cook">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cook_n991950.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Bruce Kapron |title=Stephen Arthur Cook - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021042959/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cook_n991950.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of Toronto]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |1983
|{{sortname|Dennis|Ritchie}}
|[[File:Dennis Ritchie 2011.jpg|alt=Dennis Ritchie |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"For their development of generic operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the [[Unix|UNIX]] operating system"<ref name="Thompson">{{cite web |title=A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Kenneth Lane Thompson |author=Tom Van Vleck |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thompson_4588371.cfm |access-date=November 4, 2018 |archive-date=August 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809072519/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thompson_4588371.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ritchie">{{cite web |title=A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Dennis M. Ritchie |author=Tom Van Vleck |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ritchie_1506389.cfm |access-date=November 4, 2018 |archive-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020112748/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ritchie_1506389.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|rowspan=2 |[[Bell Labs]]
|-
|{{sortname|Ken|Thompson|Ken Thompson (computer programmer)}}
|[[File:Ken Thompson 02.jpg|alt=Ken Thompson |80px]]
|-
!scope="row" |1984
|{{sortname|Niklaus|Wirth}}
|[[File:Niklaus Wirth, UrGU (cropped).jpg|alt=Niklaus Wirth |80px]]
|"For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, [[Euler (programming language)|EULER]], [[ALGOL W|ALGOL-W]], [[Modula|MODULA]] and [[Pascal (programming language)|PASCAL]]"<ref name="wirth">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=Niklaus E. Wirth - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=June 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629084838/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Stanford University]]<br>[[University of Zurich]]<br>[[ETH Zurich]]
|-
!scope="row" |1985
|{{sortname|Richard M.|Karp}}
|[[File:Karp mg 7725-b.cr2.jpg|alt=Richard M. Karp |80px]]
|"For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for [[Network flow problem|network flow]] and other [[combinatorial optimization]] problems, the identification of [[P (complexity)|polynomial-time computability]] with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of [[NP-completeness]]"<ref name="karp">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/karp_3256708.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author1=B. Simons |author2=D. Gusfield |title=Richard ("Dick") Manning Karp - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=July 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704175158/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/karp_3256708.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of California, Berkeley]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |1986
|{{sortname|John|Hopcroft}}
|[[File:hopcrofg (cropped).jpg|alt=John Hopcroft |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures"<ref name="hopcroft">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=John E. Hopcroft - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027145715/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="tarjan">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=V. King |title=Robert (Bob) Endre Tarjan - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030003443/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Cornell University]]
|-
|{{sortname|Robert|Tarjan}}
|[[File:Bob Tarjan.jpg|alt=Robert Tarjan |80px]]
|[[Stanford University]]<br>[[Cornell University]]<br>[[University of California, Berkeley]]<br>[[Princeton University]]
|-
!scope="row" |1987
|{{sortname|John|Cocke|John Cocke (computer scientist)}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|"For significant contributions in the design and theory of [[compiler]]s, the architecture of large systems and the development of [[reduced instruction set computer]]s (RISC); for discovering and systematizing many fundamental transformations now used in [[optimizing compiler]]s including [[Strength reduction|reduction of operator strength]], [[Common subexpression elimination|elimination of common subexpressions]], [[register allocation]], [[constant propagation]], and [[dead code elimination]]"<ref name="cocke">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cocke_2083115.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author1=Michael G. Burke |author2=Vivek Sarkar |title=John Cocke - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111122/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cocke_2083115.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[IBM]]
|-
!scope="row" |1988
|{{sortname|Ivan|Sutherland}}
|[[File:Ivan Sutherland at CHM.jpg|alt=Ivan Sutherland |80px]]
|"For his pioneering and visionary contributions to [[computer graphics]], starting with [[Sketchpad]], and continuing after"<ref name="sutherland">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Robert Burton |title=Ivan Sutherland - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111129/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Stanford University]]<br>[[Harvard University]]<br>[[University of Utah]]<br>[[California Institute of Technology]]
|-
!scope="row" |1989
|{{sortname|William|Kahan}}
|[[File:William Kahan 2008 (cropped).jpg|alt=William Kahan |80px]]
|"For his fundamental contributions to [[numerical analysis]]" and as "one of the foremost experts on [[floating-point arithmetic|floating-point computations]]"<ref name="kahan">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahan_1023746.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=William ("Velvel") Morton Kahan - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111122/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahan_1023746.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of California, Berkeley]]
|-
!scope="row" |1990
|{{sortname|Fernando J.|Corbató}}
|[[File:Fernando Corbato.jpg|alt=Fernando J. Corbató |80px]]
|"For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, [[time-sharing]] and resource-sharing computer systems, [[Compatible Time-Sharing System|CTSS]] and [[Multics]]"<ref name="corbato">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/corbato_1009471.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=T. Van Vleck |title=Fernando J ("Corby") Corbato - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111126/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/corbato_1009471.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|-
!scope="row" |1991
|{{sortname|Robin|Milner}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|The award citation mentions three primary contributions: his mechanization of the [[Logic of Computable Functions]]; the programming language [[ML (programming language)|ML]] including its [[type inference]] and [[type safety]]; the [[calculus of communicating systems]]; as well as the connection between [[operational semantics|operational]] and [[denotational semantics|denotational]] [[semantics]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Milner |first=R. |doi=10.1145/151233.151240 |title=Elements of interaction: Turing award lecture |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=36 |pages=78–89 |year=1993 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="milner">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/milner_1569367.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Michael Fourman |title=Arthur John Robin Gorell ("Robin") Milner - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=November 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117052919/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/milner_1569367.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Stanford University]]<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]
|-
!scope="row" |1992
|{{sortname|Butler|Lampson}}
|[[File:Professional Developers Conference 2009 Technical Leaders Panel 6 (cropped).jpg|alt=Butler Lampson |80px]]
|"For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation: [[workstation]]s, [[computer network|networks]], [[operating system]]s, programming systems, [[computer monitor|displays]], [[computer security|security]] and [[word processor|document publishing]]"<ref name="lampson">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lampson_1142421.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Roy Levin |title=Butler W Lampson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111124/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lampson_1142421.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Xerox PARC|PARC]]<br>[[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |1993
|{{sortname|Juris|Hartmanis}}
|[[File:Juris Hartmanis(2002).jpg|alt=Juris Hartmanis |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"In recognition of their seminal paper<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hartmanis |first=J. |last2=Stearns |first2=R. E. |date=1965 |title=On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1994208 |journal=Transactions of the American Mathematical Society |volume=117 |pages=285–306 |doi=10.2307/1994208 |issn=0002-9947}}</ref> which established the foundations for the field of [[computational complexity theory]]"<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/188280.188379 |title=Turing Award lecture: It's time to reconsider time |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=37 |issue=11 |pages=95–99 |year=1994 |last=Stearns |first=R. E. |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="hartmanis">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hartmanis_1059260.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Allan Borodin |title=Juris Hartmanis - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121135216/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hartmanis_1059260.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="stearns">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stearns_1081900.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Richard ("Dick") Edwin Stearns - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121135216/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stearns_1081900.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|rowspan=2 |General Electric Research Laboratory (now under [[Groupe Bull]], an [[Atos]] company)
|-
|{{sortname|Richard E.|Stearns}}
|[[File:Dick Stearns (cropped).jpg|alt=Richard E. Stearns |80px]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |1994
|{{sortname|Edward|Feigenbaum}}
|[[File:27. Dr. Edward A. Feigenbaum 1994-1997.jpg|alt=Edward A. Feigenbaum |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reddy |first1=R. |title=To dream the possible dream |doi=10.1145/229459.233436 |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=105–112 |year=1996 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="feigenbaum">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/feigenbaum_4167235.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Nils J. Nilsson |title=Edward A ("Ed") Feigenbaum - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122054812/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/feigenbaum_4167235.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="reddy">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Nils J. Nilsson |title=Dabbala Rajagopal ("Raj") Reddy - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210050419/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Stanford University]]
|-
|{{sortname|Raj|Reddy}}
|[[File:ProfReddys Photo Cropped.jpg|alt=Raj Reddy |80px]]
|[[Stanford University]]<br>[[Carnegie Mellon University]]
|-
!scope="row" |1995
|{{sortname|Manuel|Blum}}
|[[File:Blum manuel (cropped).jpg|alt=Manuel Blum |80px]]
|"In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of [[computational complexity theory]] and its application to [[cryptography]] and [[formal verification|program checking]]"<ref name="Blum">{{cite web |author=Christos H. Papadimitriou |title=A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Manuel Blum |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/blum_4659082.cfm |access-date=November 4, 2018 |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023010431/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/blum_4659082.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of California, Berkeley]]
|-
!scope="row" |1996
|{{sortname|Amir|Pnueli}}
|[[File:Amir Pnueli.jpg|alt=Amir Pnueli |80px]]
|"For seminal work introducing [[temporal logic]] into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and system [[formal verification|verification]]"<ref name="Pnueli">{{cite web |author=Lenore Zuck |title=A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Amir Pnueli |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pnueli_4725172.cfm |access-date=November 4, 2018 |archive-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020112749/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pnueli_4725172.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Stanford University]]<br>[[Tel Aviv University]]<br>[[Weizmann Institute of Science]]<br>[[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences]]
|-
!scope="row" |1997
|{{sortname|Douglas|Engelbart}}
|[[File:Douglas Engelbart in 2008.jpg|alt=Douglas Engelbart |80px]]
|"For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision"<ref name="Engelbart">{{cite web |title=A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Douglas Engelbart |author=Thierry Bardini |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/engelbart_5078811.cfm |access-date=November 4, 2018 |archive-date=July 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704002220/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/engelbart_5078811.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[SRI International]]<br>[[Tymshare]]<br>[[McDonnell Douglas]]<br>Bootstrap Institute/Alliance,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dougengelbart.org/about/dei-footnote.html |title=The Doug Engelbart Institute |publisher=The Doug Engelbart Institute |access-date=June 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714013459/http://www.dougengelbart.org/about/dei-footnote.html |archive-date=July 14, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>The Doug Engelbart Institute
|-
!scope="row" |1998
|{{sortname|Jim|Gray|Jim Gray (computer scientist)}}
|[[File:Jim Gray Computing in the 21st Century 2006 (cropped).jpg|alt=Jim Gray |80px]]
|"For seminal contributions to [[database]] and [[transaction processing]] research and technical leadership in system implementation"<ref name="gray">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/gray_3649936.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Paul McJones |title=James ("Jim") Nicholas Gray - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111125/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/gray_3649936.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[IBM]]<br>[[Microsoft]]
|-
!scope="row" |1999
|{{sortname|Fred|Brooks}}
|[[File:Fred Brooks (cropped).jpg|alt=Fred Brooks |80px]]
|"For landmark contributions to [[computer architecture]], [[operating system]]s, and software engineering"<ref name="brooks">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/brooks_1002187.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Grady Booch |title=Frederick ("Fred") Brooks - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111127/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/brooks_1002187.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[IBM]]<br>[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]
|-
!scope="row" |2000
|{{sortname|Andrew|Yao}}
|[[File:Andrew Yao MFO (cropped).jpg|alt=Andrew Yao |80px]]
|"In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the [[theory of computation]], including the complexity-based theory of [[pseudorandom number generator|pseudorandom number generation]], [[cryptography]], and [[communication complexity]]"<ref name="yao">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/yao_1611524.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Bruce Kapron |title=Andrew Chi-Chih Yao - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=July 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703221804/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/yao_1611524.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Stanford University]]<br>[[University of California, Berkeley]]<br>[[Princeton University]]
|-
!scope="row" rowspan=2 |2001
|{{sortname|Ole-Johan|Dahl}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|rowspan=2 |"For ideas fundamental to the emergence of [[object-oriented programming]], through their design of the programming languages [[Simula|Simula I and Simula 67]]"<ref name="dahl">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dahl_6917600.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Andrew P. Black |title=Ole-Johan Dahl - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012080253/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dahl_6917600.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nygaard">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/nygaard_5916220.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Ole Lehrman Madsen |title=Kristen Nygaard - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=November 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055233/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/nygaard_5916220.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|rowspan=2 |[[Norwegian Computing Center]]<br>[[University of Oslo]]
|-
|{{sortname|Kristen|Nygaard}}
|[[File:Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png|alt=Kristen Nygaard |80px]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=3 |2002
|{{sortname|Leonard|Adleman}}
|[[File:Len-mankin-pic.jpg|alt=Leonard Adleman |80px]]
|rowspan=3 |"For [[RSA cryptosystem|their ingenious contribution]] for making [[public-key cryptography]] useful in practice"<ref name="rivest">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Ronald (Ron) Linn Rivest - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011044647/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="shamir">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/shamir_2327856.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Adi Shamir - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210055322/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/shamir_2327856.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="adleman">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/adleman_7308544.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author1=Joseph Bebel |author2=Shang-Hua Teng |title=Leonard (Len) Max Adleman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003102050/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/adleman_7308544.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of Southern California]]
|-
|{{sortname|Ron|Rivest}}
|[[File:Ronald L Rivest photo.jpg|alt=Ron Rivest |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|-
|{{sortname|Adi|Shamir}}
|[[File:Adi Shamir at TU Darmstadt (2013).jpg|alt=Adi Shamir |80px]]
|-
!scope="row" |2003
|{{sortname|Alan|Kay}}
|[[File:Alan Kay (3097597186) (cropped).jpg|alt=Alan Kay |80px]]
|"For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary [[object-oriented programming]] languages, leading the team that developed [[Smalltalk]], and for fundamental contributions to personal computing"<ref name="kay">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kay_3972189.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Susan B. Barnes |title=Alan Kay - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011044645/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kay_3972189.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of Utah]]<br>[[Xerox PARC|PARC]]<br>[[Stanford University]]<br>[[Atari Inc.|Atari]]<br>[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[Apple Advanced Technology Group|ATG]]<br>[[Walt Disney Imagineering]]<br>[[Viewpoints Research Institute]]<br>[[HP Inc.|HP]] [[HP Labs|Labs]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |2004
|{{sortname|Vint|Cerf}}
|[[File:Dr Vint Cerf ForMemRS (cropped).jpg|alt=Vint Cerf |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"For pioneering work on [[internetworking]], including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, [[TCP/IP]], and for inspired leadership in networking"<ref name="cerf">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Janet Abbate |title=Vinton ("Vint") Gray Cerf - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011080741/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="kahn">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahn_4598637.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Janet Abbate |title=Robert (Bob) Elliot Kahn - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=July 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713004804/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahn_4598637.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of California, Los Angeles]]<br>[[Stanford University]], [[DARPA]]<br>[[MCI Communications|MCI]] (now under [[Verizon Communications|Verizon]])<br>[[CNRI]], Google
|-
|{{sortname|Bob|Kahn}}
|[[File:Bob Kahn.jpg|alt=Bob Kahn |80px]]
|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]<br>[[Bolt Beranek and Newman]]<br>[[DARPA]]<br>[[CNRI]]
|-
!scope="row" |2005
|{{sortname|Peter|Naur}}
|[[File:Peternaur.JPG|alt=Peter Naur |80px]]
|"For fundamental contributions to [[programming language]] design and the definition of [[ALGOL|ALGOL 60]], to [[compiler]] design, and to the art and practice of computer programming"<ref name="naur">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/naur_1024454.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Edgar G. Daylight |title=Peter Naur - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162724/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/naur_1024454.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Regnecentralen]] (now under [[Fujitsu]])<br>[[University of Copenhagen]]
|-
!scope="row" |2006
|{{sortname|Frances|Allen}}
|[[File:Allen mg 2528-3750K-b.jpg|alt=Frances Allen |80px]]
|"For pioneering contributions to the theory and practice of optimizing compiler techniques that laid the foundation for modern optimizing compilers and [[automatic parallelization|automatic parallel execution]]"<ref name="allen">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Guy Steele |title=Frances ("Fran") Elizabeth Allen - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407093736/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[IBM]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=3 |2007
|{{sortname|Edmund M.|Clarke}}
|[[File:Edmund Clarke FLoC 2006 (cropped).jpg|alt=Edmund M. Clarke |80px]]
|rowspan=3 |"For their role in developing [[model checking|Model-Checking]] into a highly effective verification technology that is widely adopted in the hardware and software industries"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ddj.com/206103622|title=2007 Turing Award Winners Announced|access-date=December 9, 2008|archive-date=November 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102080853/http://www.ddj.com/206103622|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="clarke">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/clarke_1167964.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Ted Kirkpatrick |title=Edmund Melson Clarke - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104191130/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/clarke_1167964.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="emerson">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/emerson_1671460.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Wahl |title=E. Allen Emerson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226045725/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/emerson_1671460.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sifakis">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sifakis_1701095.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Cristian S. Calude |title=Joseph Sifakis - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=November 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055236/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sifakis_1701095.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Harvard University]]<br>[[Carnegie Mellon University]]
|-
|{{sortname|E. Allen|Emerson}}
|[[File:E-allen-emerson (cropped).jpg|alt=E. Allen Emerson |80px]]
|[[Harvard University]]<br>[[University of Texas at Austin]]
|-
|{{sortname|Joseph|Sifakis}}
|[[File:Joseph Sifakis 2018.jpg|alt=Joseph Sifakis |80px]]
|[[CNRS|French National Centre for Scientific Research]]
|-
!scope="row" |2008
|{{sortname|Barbara|Liskov}}
|[[File:Barbara Liskov MIT computer scientist 2010.jpg|alt=Barbara Liskov |80px]]
|"For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to [[data abstraction]], [[fault tolerance]], and [[distributed computing]]"<ref name="liskov">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/liskov_1108679.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Tom van Vleck |title=Barbara Liskov - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=November 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109212306/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/liskov_1108679.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|-
!scope="row" |2009
|{{sortname|Charles P.|Thacker}}
|[[File:Chuckthacker (cropped).jpg|alt=Charles P. Thacker |80px]]
|"For the pioneering design and realization of the first modern personal computer — the [[Xerox Alto|Alto at Xerox PARC]] — and seminal inventions and contributions to [[local area network]]s (including the [[Ethernet]]), multiprocessor workstations, snooping [[cache coherence]] protocols, and [[tablet computer|tablet personal computers]]"<ref name="thacker">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thacker_1336106.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Charles P. (Chuck) Thacker - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=October 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010203149/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thacker_1336106.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Xerox PARC|PARC]]<br>[[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]]<br>[[Microsoft]] [[Microsoft Research|Research]]
|-
!scope="row" |2010
|{{sortname|Leslie|Valiant}}
|[[File:Leslie Valiant (cropped).jpg|alt=Leslie Valiant |80px]]
|"For transformative contributions to the [[theory of computation]], including the theory of [[Probably approximately correct learning|probably approximately correct (PAC) learning]], the complexity of enumeration and of [[algebraic computation]], and the theory of parallel and distributed computing"<ref name="valiant">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/valiant_2612174.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Leslie Gabriel Valiant - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=November 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117052920/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/valiant_2612174.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Harvard University]]
|-
!scope="row" |2011
|{{sortname|Judea|Pearl}}
|[[File:Judea Pearl at NIPS 2013 (11781981594) (cropped).jpg|alt=Judea Pearl |80px]]
|"For fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pearl |first1=Judea |title=ACM Turing Award Lectures |date=2007 |isbn=978-1-4503-1049-9 |doi=10.1145/1283920 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1283920.2351636 |format=mp4 |access-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021071158/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1283920.2351636 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pearl_2658896.cfm |author=Stuart J. Russell |title=Judea Pearl - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]]  |access-date=March 15, 2012 |archive-date=August 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826024415/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pearl_2658896.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of California, Los Angeles]]<br>[[New Jersey Institute of Technology]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |2012
|{{sortname|Shafi|Goldwasser}}
|[[File:Shafi Goldwasser.JPG|alt=Shafi Goldwasser |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"For transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography, and in the process pioneered new methods for efficient verification of mathematical proofs in complexity theory"<ref name="goldwasser">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/goldwasser_8627889.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Charles Rackoff |title=Shafi Goldwasser - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=February 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217130805/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/goldwasser_8627889.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2013/turing-award-12/ |title=Turing award 2012 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318034311/http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2013/turing-award-12/ |archive-date=March 18, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="micali">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/micali_9954407.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Avi Wigderson |title=Silvio Micali - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211070649/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/micali_9954407.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]<br>[[Weizmann Institute of Science]]
|-
|{{sortname|Silvio|Micali}}
|[[File:Silvio Micali (cropped).jpg|alt=Silvio Micali |80px]]
|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|-
!scope="row" |2013
|{{sortname|Leslie|Lamport}}
|[[File:Leslie Lamport.jpg|alt=Leslie Lamport |80px]]
|"For fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and [[logical clock]]s, [[Safety and liveness properties|safety and liveness]], [[replicated state machine]]s, and [[sequential consistency]]"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm |title=Turing award 2013 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]]  |access-date=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=January 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116085443/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lamport |first1=L. |author-link=Leslie Lamport |title=Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system |doi=10.1145/359545.359563 |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] |volume=21 |issue=7 |pages=558–565 |year=1978 |url=http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf |citeseerx=10.1.1.155.4742 |s2cid=215822405 |access-date=August 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 31, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031234845/http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lamport">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author1=Dahlia Malkhi |author2=Martin Abadi |author3=Hagit Attiya |author4=Idit Keidar |author5=Nancy Lynch |author6=Nir Shavit |author7=George Varghese |author8=Len Shustek |title=Leslie Lamport - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601004222/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Massachusetts Computer Associates]] (now under Essig PLM)<br>[[SRI International]]<br>[[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]]<br>[[Compaq]] (now under [[HP Inc.|HP]])<br>[[Microsoft]] [[Microsoft Research|Research]]
|-
!scope="row" |2014
|{{sortname|Michael|Stonebraker}}
|[[File:Michael Stonebraker P1120062.jpg|alt=Michael Stonebraker |80px]]
|"For fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm |title=Turing award 2014 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]]  |access-date=March 25, 2015 |archive-date=July 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703233056/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="stonebraker">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=Michael Stonebreaker - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125025344/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of California, Berkeley]]<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |2015
|{{sortname|Whitfield|Diffie}}
|[[File:Whitfield Diffie Royal Society (cropped).jpg|alt=Whitfield Diffie |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"For inventing and promulgating both asymmetric public-key cryptography, including its application to digital signatures, and a practical cryptographic key-exchange method<ref name="DiffieHellman1976">{{cite journal |last1=Diffie |first1=W. |last2=Hellman |first2=M. |title=New directions in cryptography |journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory |volume=22 |issue=6 |year=1976 |pages=644–654 |url=https://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf |doi=10.1109/TIT.1976.1055638 |bibcode=1976ITIT...22..644D |citeseerx=10.1.1.37.9720 |access-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203090237/https://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="diffie">{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/diffie_8371646.cfm |title=Cryptography Pioneers Receive 2015 ACM A.M. Turing Award |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |access-date=March 1, 2016 |archive-date=July 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704184453/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/diffie_8371646.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hellman">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hellman_4055781.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Jeffrey R. Yost |title=Martin Hellman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922011018/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hellman_4055781.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|rowspan=2 |[[Stanford University]]
|-
|{{sortname|Martin|Hellman}}
|[[File:Martin-Hellman.jpg|alt=Martin Hellman |80px]]
|-
!scope="row" |2016
|{{sortname|Tim|Berners-Lee}}
|[[File:Sir Tim Berners-Lee (cropped).jpg|alt=Tim Berners-Lee |80px]]
|"For inventing the [[World Wide Web]], the first [[web browser]], and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale"<ref name="berners-lee">{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/berners-lee_8087960.cfm|title=Turing award 2016 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |access-date=April 4, 2017|archive-date=April 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406225836/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/berners-lee_8087960.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[CERN]]<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]<br>[[World Wide Web Consortium]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |2017
|{{sortname|John L.|Hennessy}}
|[[File:John L Hennessy (cropped).jpg|alt=John L. Hennessy |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"For pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the [[microprocessor]] industry"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2018/march/turing-award-2017 |title=Pioneers of Modern Computer Architecture Receive ACM A.M. Turing Award |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |access-date=March 21, 2018 |archive-date=March 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325102258/https://www.acm.org/media-center/2018/march/turing-award-2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hennessy">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hennessy_1426931.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Charles H. House |title=John L Hennessy - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=March 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322015732/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hennessy_1426931.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="patterson">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/patterson_2316693.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Charles H. House |title=Charles Patterson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107010154/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/patterson_2316693.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Stanford University]]
|-
|{{sortname|David|Patterson|David Patterson (computer scientist)}}
|[[File:David A Patterson (cropped).jpg|alt=David Patterson |80px]]
|[[University of California, Berkeley]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=3 |2018
|{{sortname|Yoshua|Bengio}}
|[[File:Yoshua Bengio - 2017.jpg|alt=Yoshua Bengio |80px]]
|rowspan=3 |"For conceptual and engineering breakthroughs that have made [[deep neural networks]] a critical component of computing"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2019/march/turing-award-2018|title=Fathers of the Deep Learning Revolution Receive ACM A.M. Turing Award|access-date=March 27, 2019 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |archive-date=August 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823144344/https://www.acm.org/media-center/2019/march/turing-award-2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bengio">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bengio_3406375.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=Yoshua Bengio - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=November 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127124119/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bengio_3406375.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hinton">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hinton_4791679.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=Geoffrey E. Hinton - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=December 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206160643/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hinton_4791679.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lecun">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lecun_6017366.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=Yann LeCun - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327011608/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lecun_6017366.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{lang|fr|[[Université de Montréal]]|italic=no}}, [[McGill University]],<br>[[Mila (research institute)|Mila]]
|-
|{{sortname|Geoffrey|Hinton}}
|[[File:Geoffrey Hinton - Collision 2023 - Centre Stage RCZ 1307 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|alt=Geoffrey Hinton |80px]]
|[[University of Toronto]]<br>[[University of California, San Diego]]<br>[[Carnegie Mellon University]]<br>[[University College London]]<br>[[University of Edinburgh]]<br>[[Google AI]]
|-
|{{sortname|Yann|LeCun}}
|[[File:Yann LeCun - 2018 (cropped).jpg|alt=Yann LeCun |80px]]
|[[University of Toronto]]<br>[[Bell Labs]]<br>[[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences]], [[New York University]]<br>[[Meta AI]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |2019
|{{sortname|Edwin|Catmull}}
|[[File:VES Awards 89 cropped.jpg|alt=Edwin Catmull |80px]]
|rowspan=2 |"For fundamental contributions to [[3D computer graphics]], and the impact of [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI) in filmmaking and other applications"<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 ACM A.M. Turing Award Laureates|url=https://awards.acm.org/about/2019-turing|access-date=2023-02-11 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |language=en|archive-date=March 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318184230/https://awards.acm.org/about/2019-turing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="catmull">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/catmull_1244219.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Edwin E. Catmull - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=November 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123033148/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/catmull_1244219.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hanrahan">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hanrahan_4652251.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Patrick M. Hanrahan - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104191129/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hanrahan_4652251.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[University of Utah]]<br>[[Pixar]]<br>[[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]
|-
|{{sortname|Pat|Hanrahan}}
|[[File:Pat Hanrahan Tableau Customer Conference 2009.jpg|alt=Pat Hanrahan |80px]]
|[[Pixar]]<br>[[Princeton University]]<br>[[Stanford University]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |2020
|{{sortname|Alfred|Aho}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|rowspan=2 |"For fundamental algorithms and theory underlying programming language implementation and for synthesizing these results and those of others in their highly influential books, which educated generations of computer scientists"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Columbia's Alfred Aho and Stanford's Jeffrey Ullman receive 2020 ACM A.M. Turing Award|url=https://awards.acm.org/about/2020-turing|access-date=2023-02-11 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |language=en|archive-date=March 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331134638/https://awards.acm.org/about/2020-turing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="aho">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/aho_1046358.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=Alfred Vaino Aho - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113155523/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/aho_1046358.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ullman">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ullman_1054360.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=Jeffrey David Ullman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122054808/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ullman_1054360.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Bell Labs]]<br>[[Columbia University]]
|-
|{{sortname|Jeffrey|Ullman}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|[[Bell Labs]]<br>[[Princeton University]]<br>[[Stanford University]]
|-
!scope="row" |2021
|{{sortname|Jack|Dongarra}}
|[[File:Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg|alt=Jack Dongarra |80px]]
|"For pioneering contributions to numerical algorithms and libraries that enabled high performance computational software to keep pace with exponential hardware improvements for over four decades"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Open Graph Title: University of Tennessee's Jack Dongarra receives 2021 ACM A.M. Turing Award |url=https://awards.acm.org/about/2021-turing |access-date=March 30, 2022 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |language=en |archive-date=May 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505203908/https://awards.acm.org/about/2021-turing |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="dongarra">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dongarra_3406337.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author=Thomas Haigh |title=Dr. Jack Dongarra - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122054812/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dongarra_3406337.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Argonne National Laboratory]]<br>[[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]]<br>[[University of Manchester]]<br>[[Texas A&M University]] [[Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study|Institute for Advanced Study]]<br>[[University of Tennessee]]<br>[[Rice University]]
|-
!scope="row" |2022
|{{sortname|Robert|Metcalfe}}
|[[File:With Bob Metcalfe (cropped).jpg|alt=Robert Metcalfe |80px]]
|"For the invention, standardization, and commercialization of [[Ethernet]]"<ref name="metcalfe">{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/metcalfe_3968158.cfm |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |author= |title=Robert Melancton Metcalfe - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=January 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113155322/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/metcalfe_3968158.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], [[Harvard University]], [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]], [[University of Texas at Austin]]
|-
!scope="row" |2023
|{{sortname|Avi|Wigderson}}
|[[File:Avi Wigderson (London 2012) Cropped.jpg|alt=Avi Wigderson |80px]]
|"For foundational contributions to the theory of computation, including reshaping our understanding of the role of randomness in computation and mathematics, and for his decades of intellectual leadership in theoretical computer science"<ref name="wigderson">{{Cite web |title=Avi Wigderson of the Institute for Advanced Study is the recipient of the 2023 ACM A.M. Turing Award |url=https://awards.acm.org/about/2023-turing |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=awards.acm.org |language=en |archive-date=April 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410094325/https://awards.acm.org/about/2023-turing |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Avi Wigderson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wigderson_3844537.cfm |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=amturing.acm.org}}</ref>
|[[Institute for Advanced Study]], [[Princeton University]], [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2 |2024
|{{sortname|Andrew|Barto}}
|align="center" |[[File:No image.svg|80px]]<!-- Per WP:NFCC, non-free images are not to be used on lists. If you have any questions or would like to help with sourcing free-use images in the public domain, please start a discussion on the talk page. -->
|rowspan=2 |"For developing the conceptual and algorithmic foundations of [[reinforcement learning]]"<ref name="BartoSutton"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrew Barto - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/barto_9471663.cfm |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=amturing.acm.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Richard Sutton - A.M. Turing Award Laureate |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutton_0160594.cfm |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=amturing.acm.org}}</ref>
|[[University of Massachusetts Amherst]]
|-
|{{sortname|Richard S.|Sutton}}
|[[File:Richard Sutton, October 27, 2016.jpg|alt= Richard S. Sutton|80px]]
|[[University of Alberta]]<br>[[Amii (research institute)|Amii]]
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{columns-list|
* [[Fields Medal]]
* [[ACM Prize in Computing]]
* [[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]]
* [[List of awards named after people]]
* [[List of computer science awards]]
* [[List of computer-related awards]]
* [[List of pioneers in computer science]]
* [[Association for Computing Machinery#Awards|List of ACM Awards]]
* [[List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field]]
}}

== References ==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web | last=Akmut | first=Camille | title=Social conditions of outstanding contributions to computer science : a prosopography of Turing Award laureates (1966-2016) | website=hal.science | date=June 12, 2018 | url=https://hal.science/halshs-01814132v1 | access-date=December 12, 2024}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://amturing.acm.org/byyear.cfm ACM Chronological listing of Turing Laureates]
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLn0nrSd4xjjaL_AVb5DKvxvBhXb8Xrrv5 ACM A.M. Turing Award Centenary Celebration]
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLn0nrSd4xjjaSLBSzmno-3Ods6FJE9nlO ACM A.M. Turing Award Laureate Interviews]
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLn0nrSd4xjjam-7b7tu1__4Xowkq9o1rR Celebration of 50 Years of the ACM A.M. Turing Award]

{{Turing award}}
{{Association for Computing Machinery}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Alan Turing]]
[[Category:Awards of the Association for Computing Machinery]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1966]]
[[Category:Computer science awards]]
[[Category:Systems sciences awards]]
[[Category:International science and technology awards]]