View source for Tulum (bagpipe)

{{Short description|Musical instrument (wind)}}
{{other uses|Tulum (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Instrument
|name=Tulum
|names=
|image=Tulumcu.jpg
|classification=
*[[Bagpiping]]
|range=
|related={{Collapsible list
| 
*[[Bock (bagpipe)|Bock]] (Czech)
*[[Gaida|Gajda]] (Macedonian)
*[[Cimpoi]] (Romanian)
*[[Duda]] (Hungarian/Polish)
*[[Koza (bagpipe)|Koza]] (Polish)
*[[Diple]] ([[Dalmatia]])
*[[Istarski mih|Mih]] ([[Istria]]n)
*Tulum ([[Azerbaijan]],Turkish and Pontic)
*Tsambouna (Dodecanese and Cyclades)
*[[Askomandoura]] (Crete)
*Gajdy (Polish/Czech/Slovak)
*Gaita ([[Galicia (Spain)|Galician]])([[Asturias|Asturian]])
*[[Gaida]] (Bulgarian)
*Surle (Serbian/Croatian)
*Mezoued/Zukra (Northern Africa)
*Guda, tulum ([[Laz people]])
*Angeion, zimpona ([[Pontic Greeks|Pontic]])
*[[Parkapzuk]] ([[Armenia]])
*[[Gudastviri]] ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])
*Tsimboni ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])([[Adjara]])
*Shuvyr ([[Circassians]] )
*Sahbr, Shapar ([[Chuvashia]])
*[[Volynka]] ({{langx|uk|Волинка}}), ({{langx|ru|Волынка}}) ([[Ukraine]], [[Russia]])
*[[Swedish bagpipes]] ([[Sweden]])
*[[Ney-anbān]] ([[Iran]])
}}
}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| ICH = Traditional bagpipe (Gayda/Tulum) making and performing
| Countries = Turkey and North Macedonia
| ID = 02114
| Region = ENA
| Year = 2024
| Session = 19th
| List = Representative
}}

[[File:Birol-topaloglu-tulum.jpg|thumb|right|190px|[[Laz people|Laz]] musician Birol Topaloglu plays the tulum]]
[[File:Behçet gülas.jpg|thumb|right|190px|[[Hemshin peoples|Hemshin]] musician Behçet Gülas plays the tulum]]

The '''''tulum''''' ({{langx|lzz|გუდა|translit=guda}}) is a [[musical instrument]], a form of [[bagpipe]] from the Black Sea region of [[Turkey]]. It is droneless with two parallel chanters, and is usually played by the [[Laz people|Laz]], Black sea Turks, [[Hemshin peoples]] and by [[Pontic Greeks]], particularly Chaldians. It is a prominent instrument in the music of [[Pazar, Rize|Pazar]], [[Hemşin]], [[Çamlıhemşin]], [[Ardeşen]], [[Fındıklı, Rize|Fındıklı]], [[Arhavi]], [[Hopa]], some other districts of [[Artvin]] and in the villages of the Tatos range (the watershed between the provinces of [[Rize Province|Rize]] and [[Trabzon Province|Trabzon]]) of [[İspir]]. It is the characteristic instrument of the [[transhumant]] population of the northeastern provinces of [[Anatolia]] and, like the [[Kemençe of the Black Sea|kemençe]] in its area, the ''tulum'' imposes its style on all the dance and entertainment music of those for whom it is "our music".<ref>Picken, Laurence. Folk Music Instruments of [[Turkey]]. [[Oxford University]] Press. London. p. 547</ref>

==Terminology==
Some of the names of bagpipes from the Near East include:
*Guda ([[Laz language|Laz]])
*[[Gudastviri|Gudastvri]], გუდასტვირი ([[Georgian language|Georgian]])
*Ç'ip'oni ([[Artvin]], [[Adjara]], [[Lazistan|Lazona]])
*[[Dankiyo]] ([[Pontic Greek]], Romeika)
*[[Parkapzuk]], Պարկապզուկ ([[Armenian language|Armenian]])
*[[Shyuvr|Shuvyr]] ([[Mari people]]), North Circassians)
*[[Shapar|Shabr]], Shapar ([[Chuvash language|Chuvash]])
*Tulum ([[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]]).<ref>[[Özhan Öztürk]]. Karadeniz Ansiklopedik Sözlük. Istanbul. 2005 pp.1119-1122</ref>

==Etymology==
[[Turkish language|Turkish]] ''tulum'' is "a skin container".<ref>An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish. Oxford University Press. 1972. p. 500</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dankiyo]]
*[[Tulum-zurna]]
*[[Hemshin peoples]]
*[[List of bagpipes]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://pontian.info/MUSIC/touloum.htm Tulum of Pontic People] at Pontian.info
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100101220719/http://karalahana.com/english.html Pontic music and dance samples] at Karalahana.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071218145337/http://www.discoverturkey.com/muzik-ornek/02-tulum.mp3 Short recording of tulum] at Discover Turkey
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080513071300/http://www.discoverturkey.com/english/kultursanat/b-h-tulum.html Tulum] at Discover Turkey
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721025952/http://www.hangebi.ge/gudachiben.htm Gudachiben] at Hangebi.ge
*[http://pontosworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1598&Itemid=78 Pontic Angeion (Touloum)]

{{Armenian musical instruments}}
{{Azerbaijani musical instruments}}
{{Pontic Greek musical instruments}}
{{Turkish musical instruments}}

{{commonscat|Tulum (bagpipe)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tulum (Bagpipe)}}
[[Category:Bagpipes]]
[[Category:Azerbaijani musical instruments]]
[[Category:Turkish folk music instruments]]
[[Category:Musical instruments of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Turkish words and phrases]]
[[Category:Laz musical instruments]]
[[Category:Pontic Greek musical instruments]]